He has frequently refused to move from white lunch counters, refused to obey local laws which he considers unjust, while in other cases he has appealed to federal laws.

The three -- Miles J. Cooperman, Sheldon Teller, and Richard Austin -- and eight other defendants are charged in six indictments with conspiracy to violate federal narcotic laws.

The recent publicity attending the successful federal prosecution of a conspiracy indictment against a number of electrical manufacturers has evoked a new respect for the anti-trust laws that is justified neither by their rationale nor by the results they have obtained.

He was supportive of states ' rights, but during the Nullification Crisis, declared that states do not have the right to nullify federal laws.

It was reported in October 2011 that the Australian federal government had reached an agreement with all of the states on potential changes to their laws in the wake of amendments to the Act of Settlement.

In the United States, however, personally retained counsel have had a right to appear in all federal criminal cases since the adoption of the Constitution and in state cases at least since the end of the Civil War, although nearly all provided this right in their state constitutions or laws much earlier.

When Democratic-Republicans in some states refused to enforce federal laws, and even threatened to rebel, Federalists threatened to send the army to force them to capitulate.

With the transition from English law, which had common law crimes, to the new legal system under the U. S. Constitution, which prohibited ex post facto laws at both the federal and state level, the question was raised whether there could be common law crimes in the United States.

Governments ( the macroeconomic side ) set both national and international regulations that keep track of prices and corporations ' ( microeconomics ) growth rates, set prices, and trade, while the corporations influence what federal laws are set.

Canada's federal government has influenced Canadian culture with programs, laws and institutions.

Criminal offences are found within the Criminal Code of Canada or other federal / provincial laws, with the exception that contempt of court is the only remaining common law offence in Canada.

The Civil Rights Act of 1871 applies to public employment or employment involving state action prohibiting deprivation of rights secured by the federal constitution or federal laws through action under color of law.

The United States Congress has passed a number of landmark environmental regulatory regimes, but many other federal laws are equally important, if less comprehensive.

The federal and state judiciaries have played an important role in the development of environmental law in the United States, in many cases resolving significant controversy regarding the application of federal environmental laws in favor of environmental interests.

In the United States, responsibilities for the administration of environmental laws are divided between numerous federal and state agencies with varying, overlapping and sometimes conflicting missions.

Furthermore in many cases federal laws allow for more stringent regulation by states, and of transfer of certain federally mandated responsibilities from federal to state control.

The extent to which state environmental laws are based on or depart from federal law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

The FBI's main goal is to protect and defend the United States, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.

Federal jurisdiction in this sense is important in criminal law because federal law, being based on a concept of enumerated powers, does not deal with crimes as comprehensively as the laws of any particular state.

To fill in any potential federal gaps, Congress has enacted the Assimilative Crimes Act (), which provides that any act that would have been a crime under the laws of the state in which a federal enclave is situated is also a federal crime.

The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 granted federal support for the construction of the United States ' First Transcontinental Railroad, which was completed in 1869.

In the United States, both state and federal appellate courts are usually restricted to examining whether the lower court made the correct legal determinations, rather than hearing direct evidence and determining what the facts of the case were.

In federal courts in the United States, arraignment takes place in two stages.

Eleven southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (" the Confederacy "); the other 25 states supported the federal government (" the Union ").

Victory for the North meant the end of the Confederacy and of slavery in the United States, and strengthened the role of the federal government.

* 1927 – The Federal Industrial Institute for Women opens in Alderson, West Virginia, as the first women's federal prison in the United States.

Category: United States federal civil rights legislation

It extended citizenship to every person born in the United States ( except Indians on reservations ), penalized states that did not give the vote to freedmen, and most importantly, created new federal civil rights that could be protected by federal courts.

Andrew Johnson appointed nine Article III federal judges during his presidency, all to United States district courts.

* 1958 – A United States federal court rules that poet Ezra Pound be released from an insane asylum.

Though the U. S. federal government has no official language, English is the common language used by the federal government and is considered the de facto language of the United States because of its widespread use.

Arbor Day reached its height of popularity on its 125th anniversary in 1997, when David J. Wright, noticed that a Nebraska nonprofit organization called the National Arbor Day Foundation had taken the name of the holiday and commercialized it for their own use as a trademark for their publication " Arbor Day ," so he countered their efforts, launched a website, and trademarked it for " public use celebrations " and defended the matter in a federal district court in the United States to ensure it was judged as property of the public domain, the case was settled in October 1999.

In the federal government, the executive branch, led by the president, controls the federal executive departments, which are led by secretaries who are members of the United States Cabinet.

The many important independent agencies of the United States government created by statutes enacted by Congress exist outside of the federal executive departments but are still part of the executive branch.

* List of federal political scandals in the United States

Article III of the Constitution specifies that Associate Justices, and all other United States federal judges " shall hold their Offices during good Behavior.

Category: United States federal Native American legislation

Category: United States federal public land legislation

Category: United States federal immigration and nationality legislation

Under Clinton, the United States had a projected federal budget surplus for the first time since 1969.

The National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) was the first federal agency to assume regulatory responsibility in the United States.