Another risk taken by the defensive team in issuing a base on balls is that since intentional balls must be pitched in a legal manner, they can legally become wild pitches or passed balls.

In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the nation's monetary base, and usually also prints the national currency, which usually serves as the nation's legal tender.

Availability of adequate legal base, opening of credit lines, including the foreign ones, simplified the procedure of private enterprises opening and licensing, led to enlarge-ment of the sphere of entrepreneurship.

The American War of 1812 was to be the encore of Bermudian privateering, which had died out after the 1790s, due partly to the build up of the naval base in Bermuda, which reduced the Admiralty's reliance on privateers in the western Atlantic, and partly to successful American legal suits, and claims for damages pressed against British privateers, a large portion of which were aimed squarely at the Bermudians.

In many developing and emerging market economies local governments or administrative units possess the legal authority to impose taxes, but the tax base is so weak and the dependence on central government subsidies so ingrained that no attempt is made to exercise that authority ( see Aristovnik, 2012 ).

At the time, aliens did not have to pay most taxes that were required of citizens, so although nominally Caracalla was elevating their legal status, he was more importantly expanding the Roman tax base.

The decline of Bermudian privateering was due partly to the buildup of the naval base in Bermuda, which reduced the Admiralty's reliance on privateers in the western Atlantic, and partly to successful American legal suits and claims for damages pressed against British privateers, a large portion of which were aimed squarely at the Bermudians.

Most legislatures prefer to base liability on either intention or recklessness and, faced with the need to establish recklessness as the default mens rea for guilt, those practising in most legal systems rely heavily on objective tests to establish the minimum requirement of foresight for recklessness.

Health care ( hospitals and biotechnology ), professional services ( legal, architectural, marketing, and engineering ), financial services, and retail trade also help to form an economic base for the city.

However, the proposal was not accepted, as there was no legal base for it and the then valid laws prohibited any restriction of pasture.

The act established a legal base for regulating wired and wireless communications on a nation-wide and worldwide basis.

In the Marxist economic base and superstructure model of society, base denotes the relations of production, and superstructure denotes the dominant ideology ( religious, legal, political systems ).

Batasuna's ranks and support base have been represented under different names since it was first declared legal in the late 1970s with the Spanish Transition to democracy.

McAlester is known in political circles for having been the home base of several noted American politicians-U. S. Speaker of the House Carl Albert, who was once a heartbeat from the presidency, and longtime Oklahoma State Senator Gene Stipe, whose career ended in a series of legal problems.

In the following decades, largely due to his expanding legal practise, he became a part-time politician and estranged from the national movement, setting up his own personal Healyite organisation, called the " People's Rights Association ", with base as MP for north Louth ( which seat he held until the December 1910 election when defeated by Richard Hazleton ).

Often they provide a base for initiatives such as cafes, free shops, public computer labs, graffiti murals, legal collectives and free housing for travellers.

They base themselves not only on the Qur ' an, but also on the Traditions of the Prophet, and on the corpus of transmitted theological and legal learning.

Accepting Augustine's concern for legal justification as the base metaphor for salvation, the believers are not so much made righteous in Lutheranism as they are considered covered by Christ's righteousness.

In contrast, most civil law countries base their legal education on professorial lectures and oral examinations, which are more suited for the mastery of complicated civil codes.

In Australia, the creation of legal tender, in the form of notes and base metal coins, is the exclusive right of the Commonwealth Government.

MP-personnel generally doesn't have elevated legal authority towards civilians in non-military places, but only towards military personnel and on military installations ( also public accessible places like Holmen naval base in Copenhagen ).

Brooks challenged the result through legal means, initially without success, but Baxter alienated much of his base by re-enfranchising former Confederates and in 1874, Brooks was declared governor by a judge who declared the results of the election to have been fraudulent.

The idea is to remove arbitrariness from the selection process and base it on some “ pre-agreed basis of fairness, with the assessment process being related to the type of position ,” and emphasizing procedural and legal means.

In jurisdictions that do not have a strong allegiance to a large body of precedent, parties have less a priori guidance and must often leave a bigger " safety margin " of unexploited opportunities, and final determinations are reached only after far larger expenditures on legal fees by the parties.

The Arthashastra, dating from 400 BCE and the Manusmriti, from 100 CE, were influential treatises in India, texts that were considered authoritative legal guidance.

Although the very act of codification was a radical innovation, given the precedent-based design of the Roman legal system, the jurists were generally conservative, and constantly looked to past Roman practice and theory for guidance.

Islamic legal scholarship remained the sole authority for guidance in matters of rituals, worship, and spirituality, while they lost authority to the state in other areas.

Some state-specific style manuals also provide guidance on legal citation.

The Arthashastra, dating from the 400 BC, and the Manusmriti from 100 AD were influential treatises in India, texts that were considered authoritative legal guidance.

Initial legal guidance came from the case of Baby Theresa in 1992, in which the boundaries of organ donation were tested for the first time.

World War II broke out shortly after Minton joined the court, creating a flood of cases in which legal precedent provided little guidance, including challenges to wartime measures, selective service laws, price controls, rationing and civil liberties.

One criticism that is frequently made focuses on the problem of guidance ; opponents, such as Robert Louden in his seminal article " Some Vices of Virtue Ethics ," question whether the idea of a virtuous moral actor, believer, or judge can provide the guidance necessary for action, belief formation, or the decision of legal disputes.

* The charge that virtue jurisprudence does not provide sufficient guidance for the making of legal decisions.

He explained that ' The changes we are announcing today will ensure that there is a law in place that provides a simple legal framework by which families of missing people can receive the appropriate guidance and tackle the problems they face in a straightforward way.

For example if the law is vague or broad enough to allow the appellate judge some discretion in his decision making, an exploration of the consequences of the possible decision outside of legal formalism may provide guidance.

The UN Principles for Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and IDPs, otherwise known as the Pinheiro Principles, provides guidance on the management of the technical and legal aspects of housing, land and property ( HLP ) restitution.

* Indecent photographs of children-the official legal guidance from the Crown Prosecution Service, 1 April 2008.

After the Second World War, the Japanese legal system underwent major reform under the guidance and direction of Occupation authorities.

* Reference collection including reference works, indexes, legal guidance, statistics of education in the UK and recent official government publications.

The Commission provides guidance for political parties and regulated donees to assist them in meeting their legal obligations to follow party funding rules.

There were no judges to provide juries with legal guidance and there was no legal appeal against a jury's verdict.

It does not provide legal advice, but offers practical guidance and emotional support to help clients solve their problems.

With the appropriate guidance it is possible for litigants in person to have access to the legal system and achieve victory against even the most well represented opponents.

This could involve financial support for favored candidates, media guidance, technical support for public relations, get-out-the-vote or political organizing efforts, legal expertise, advertising campaigns, assistance with poll-watching, and other means of direct action.

The Arthashastra, dating from 400 BC and the Manusmriti, from 100 AD, were influential treatises in India, texts that were considered authoritative legal guidance.