However, this tenfold increase in population over the course of a few generations could not be achieved by increased birthrate alone ; likely it also involved migrations of peoples from surrounding areas.

To the infantryman, there may be little to distinguish between combat as part of a minor raid or as a major offensive, nor is it likely that he anticipates the future course of the battle ; few of the British infantry who went over the top on the first day on the Somme, July 1, 1916, would have anticipated that they would be fighting the same battle in five months ' time.

" The Cadillac court was willing to acknowledge that the case law supported exceptions for " an article dangerous in its nature or likely to become so in the course of the ordinary usage to be contemplated by the vendor.

Because reasonably precise guidance on almost every issue, parties ( especially commercial parties ) can predict whether a proposed course of action is likely to be lawful or unlawful.

Marlow forces the pilgrim in " pink pyjamas " to take the wheel so that he can shed his blood soaked shoes, and while flinging the pair overboard, he is hit with a rush of thoughts ; thinking he would never have a chance to hear Kurtz talk, as he is most likely dead-then submits: " Of course I was wrong.

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system and the rules for the use of its operations, in use throughout the world today, likely evolved over the course of the first millennium AD in India and was transmitted to the west via Islamic mathematics.

He then proceeded to roughly map out a likely course for evolution using examples of gradually more complex eyes of various species.

The core of the slippery slope argument is that a specific rule or course of action is likely to result in unintended consequences and that these " unintended consequences " are undesirable ( and, typically, worse than either inaction or another course of remediation ).

If an obstacle is encountered on the line, the heavier mass of a locomotive is less likely to be deviated from its normal course.

# During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probable cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject.

Bukharin himself speaks of his " peculiar duality of mind " in his last plea, which led to " semi-paralysis of the will " and Hegelian " unhappy consciousness ", which likely stemmed not only from his knowledge of the ruinous reality of Stalinism ( although he could not of course say so in the trial ) but also of the impending threat of fascism.

Check-raises can also be used as an intimidation technique over the course of a game ; a player who has frequently been check-raised may be less likely to attempt to steal the pot.

Taking these into account, one must weigh them up and adopt the course of action that is most likely to maximise the interests of those affected ; utilitarianism has been arrived at.

Much focus goes into examining the likely course of AI development, along with the future of computer architecture.

The difference for the player is that the more lines he plays the more likely he is to get paid on a given spin – though of course he is betting more in the first place.

An early criticism, which was addressed by Mill, is that if time is taken to calculate the best course of action it is likely that the opportunity to take the best course of action will already have passed.

Descriptive moral relativism is merely the positive or descriptive position that there exist, in fact, fundamental disagreements about the right course of action even when the same facts obtain and the same consequences seem likely to arise.

Some consider it likely the lake will shrink further and perhaps even disappear in the course of the 21st century.

Because of this it is not likely they emerged in freshwater ( unless they first migrated into freshwater habitats and then migrated onto land so shortly after that they still retained the ability to make urea ), although some species never left, or returned to, the water could of course have adapted to freshwater lakes and rivers.

If it is seen outside the zoo on a stretch of greensward regularly used for walking dogs, then of course it is more likely to be a dog than a lion.

You may meet one man who will support the Earps, and declare that no other course was possible to save their own lives, and the next man is just as likely to assert that there was no occasion whatever for bloodshed, and that this will be ' a warm place ' for the Earps hereafter.

The aldermanic sheriff is then likely to become Lord Mayor in due course.

He calls ‘ bad inflation ’ a period of accelerated expansion whose outcome conflicts with observations, and ‘ good inflation ’ one compatible with them: “ Not only is bad inflation more likely than good inflation, but no inflation is more likely than either.

The study defined ' true ' extreme sports as a leisure or recreation activity where the most likely outcome of a mismanaged accident or mistake was death.

The most likely outcome of coalition talks was a so-called " grand coalition " between the Christian Democrats ( CDU / CSU ) and the Social Democrats ( SPD ).

From these observations, there is no reason to assume at any point that a change of luck is warranted based on prior trials ( flips ), because every outcome observed will always have been as likely as the other outcomes that were not observed for that particular trial, given a fair coin.

In fact, Bayesian inference can be used to show that when the long-run proportion of different outcomes are unknown but exchangeable ( meaning that the random process from which they are generated may be biased but is equally likely to be biased in any direction ) previous observations demonstrate the likely direction of the bias, such that the outcome which has occurred the most in the observed data is the most likely to occur again.

For example, specifying the outcome of a fair coin flip ( two equally likely outcomes ) provides less information ( lower entropy ) than specifying the outcome from a roll of a ( six equally likely outcomes ).

In the election outcome the party retained 6 Dáil seats, making them the most likely partner for Fianna Fáil.

The use of ensembles and model consensus help narrow the error and pick the most likely outcome.

Having found that recalculation showed that global warming was the more likely outcome, he published a retraction of his earlier findings in 1974.

Adams refers to Sidgwick ’ s observation that “ Happiness ( general as well as individual ) is likely to be better attained if the extent to which we set ourselves consciously to aim at it be carefully restricted .” Trying to apply the utility calculation on each and every occasion is likely to lead to a sub-optimal outcome.

Applying carefully selected rules at the social level and encouraging appropriate motives at the personal level is, so it is argued, likely to lead to a better overall outcome even if on some individual occasions it leads to the wrong action when assessed according to act utilitarian standards.

The use of ensembles and model consensus helps to narrow the error and pick the most likely outcome.

Some systems are even more likely to lead to a two-party outcome: for example, elections in Gibraltar use a partial block vote system in a single constituency, so the third most popular party is unlikely to win any seats.

Whilst most observers had, at the beginning of the talks, anticipated independence as the most likely outcome, others suggested that a rapid resolution might not be preferable.

When filming soft-scripted shows, the subjects are given a scenario by the producers to act out, perhaps an exaggerated version of something likely to be encountered in their real lives, are informed of the outcome, and possible " beats " in between, and instructed to improvise, which Hogan says is a version of what he did as a professional wrestler.

Moreover, if a fragment of an icy comet were to strike the Earth, the most likely outcome, due to the low tensile strength of such bodies, would be for it to disintegrate in the upper atmosphere, leading to an air burst explosion analogous to that of the Tunguska event.

In the latter case the function is called the " likelihood function " of the parameter, and indicates how likely a parameter value is in light of the observed outcome.

An internalist about knowledge will likely hold that the conditions that distinguish mere true belief from knowledge are similarly internal to the individual's perspective or grounded in the subject's mental states.

Biological psychiatry follows a biomedical model where many mental disorders are conceptualized as disorders of brain circuits likely caused by developmental processes shaped by a complex interplay of genetics and experience.

The general public have been found to hold a strong stereotype of dangerousness and desire for social distance from individuals described as mentally ill. A US national survey found that a higher percentage of people rate individuals described as displaying the characteristics of a mental disorder as " likely to do something violent to others ", compared to the percentage of people who are rating individuals described as being " troubled ".

In fact, findings consistently indicate that it is many times more likely that people diagnosed with a serious mental illness living in the community will be the victims rather than the perpetrators of violence.

Sanity is a rebuttable presumption and the burden of proof is on the party relying upon it ; the standard of proof is on a balance of probabilities, that is to say that mental incapacity is more likely than not.

In practical terms, the defence will be more likely to raise the issue of mental incapacity to negate or minimise criminal liability.

Illnesses such as diabetes and epilepsy can be controlled by medication such that sufferers are less likely to have temporary aberrations of mental capacity, but the law does not recognise this.

In contrast, affected children who are detected and treated are less likely to develop neurological problems or have seizures and mental retardation, though such clinical disorders are still possible.

This claim states that Stalin likely had the mental disorder of psychopathy and that its traits such as paranoia and manipulative behaviour influenced his political decisions.

Biological psychiatry has tended to follow a biomedical model focused on organic or " hardware " pathology of the brain, where many mental disorders are conceptualized as disorders of brain circuits likely caused by developmental processes shaped by a complex interplay of genetics and experience.

People with developmental disabilities, such as mental retardation, are more likely to experience mental illness than those in the general community.

Sweatshops are also sometimes implicated in human trafficking when workers have been tricked into starting work without informed consent, or when workers are kept at work through debt bondage or mental duress, all of which are more likely in cases where the workforce is drawn from children or the uneducated rural poor.

Combining both helps researchers gauge how likely additional stressors will make him or her experience mental exhaustion.

By damaging, or manipulating, specific areas of the brain repeatedly under controlled conditions ( e. g. in monkeys ) and reliably obtaining the same results in measures of mental state and abilities, neuroscientists have shown that the relation between damage to the brain and mental deterioration is likely causal.

However, although it is likely that she was adopted, it might be noted that at the time of her deposition, Marie C. Russ was residing in the " Home for Incurables " mental institution, in New York City.

At the Perry v. Schwarzenegger trial, he testified that the mental health outcomes for gays and lesbians would improve if laws such as Proposition 8 did not exist because " when people are exposed to more stress ... they are more likely to get sick ..." and that particular situation is consistent with laws that say to gay people " you are not welcome here, your relationships are not valued.

He claimed that not only were examples of magic largely incredible but that the crime of witchcraft was literally impossible, so that anyone who confessed to the crime was likely to be suffering some mental disturbance ( mainly " melancholy ," which was at that time a very flexible category with many different symptoms ).

In a study focusing on women and adolescent men, those who had health insurance, received mental health services, or had a job were less likely to return to jail.

In response, the voter is likely to generate a " mental list " in which they create reasons for a party's loss or gain in the polls.

Coué believed a patient's problems were likely to increase if his willpower and imagination ( or mental ideas ) opposed each other, something Coué referred to as " self-conflict ".

While coherence can be defined as characteristics of the text ( i. e., aspects of cohesion ) that are likely to contribute to the coherence of the mental representation, Coh-Metrix measurements provide indices of these cohesion characteristics.

Adequate conditioning, stretching, mental preparation, and adequate fluid / electrolyte balance are likely helpful in preventing muscle cramps.