And in this country Gustave Weigel's delineation of the line between the sacral and secular orders during the last presidential campaign served to provide a most impressive Roman Catholic defense of the practical autonomy of both church and state.

Constance was a missionary bishopric in newly converted lands, and did not look back on late Roman church history ( unlike the Raetian bishopric of Chur, established 451 ) and Basel, which was an episcopal seat from 740, and which continued the line of Bishops of Augusta Raurica, see Bishop of Basel.

They did not dawdle at the hour of decision but attacked quickly, using a massive series of short, rapid, vicious charges against the length of the whole Roman line, with charging units sometimes withdrawing to the forest to regroup while others took their place.

Since the passage of the Act of Settlement, the most senior member of the Royal Family to have married a Roman Catholic, and thereby been removed from the line and later lines of succession, is Prince Michael of Kent, who married Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz in 1978 ; he was fifteenth in the lines of succession at the time of his marriage.

More recently, Peter Phillips, son of Anne, Princess Royal, and eleventh in line to the thrones, married Autumn Kelly ; Kelly had been brought up as a Roman Catholic, but she converted to Anglicanism prior to the wedding.

( in fact, the Earl of St. Andrews had already lost his place in the line of succession when he married the Roman Catholic Canadian Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988, but St. Andrews ' place in the line of succession was significantly lower than Phillips '.

Once he had established himself as sole ruler of the Roman state in 30 BC, Caesar's grand-nephew and adopted son Augustus inaugurated a strategy of advancing the empire's southeastern European border to the line of the Danube from the Alps, the Dinaric Alps and Macedonia.

Prasutagus had lived a long life of conspicuous wealth and, hoping to preserve his line, made the Roman emperor co-heir to his kingdom, along with his wife and two daughters.

Roman law also allowed inheritance only through the male line, so when Prasutagus died his attempts to preserve his line were ignored and his kingdom was annexed as if it had been conquered ; lands and property were confiscated and nobles treated like slaves.

One final, amusing example that comments on the importance Roman poets placed on their verse rules comes from the Ars Poetica of Horace, line 263:

As an extreme close-quarter combat weapon, the pugio was the Roman soldier's last line of defense.

# The endorsement by the popes and the church of the line of emperors beginning with the Emperors Constantine and Theodosius, later the Eastern Roman emperors, and finally the Western Roman emperor, Charlemagne and his successors, the Catholic Holy Roman Emperors.

The Roman Catholic Church does not consider the validity of an ecumenical council's teaching to be in any way dependent on where it is held or on the granting or withholding of prior authorization or legal status by any state, in line with the attitude of the 5th-century bishops who " saw the definition of the church's faith and canons as supremely their affair, with or without the leave of the Emperor " and who " needed no one to remind them that Synodical process pre-dated the Christianisation of the royal court by several centuries ".

In the first years of the 1st century, Roman legions conducted a long campaign in Germania, the area north of the Upper Danube and east of the Rhine, in an attempt to expand the Empire's frontiers and shorten its frontier line.

This was the high water mark of Roman territory in Britain: shortly after his victory, Agricola was recalled from Britain back to Rome, and the Romans retired to a more defensible line along the Forth-Clyde isthmus, freeing soldiers badly needed along other frontiers.

When Hadrian reached Britannia on his famous tour of the Roman provinces around 120, he directed an extensive defensive wall, known to posterity as Hadrian's Wall, to be built close to the line of the Stanegate frontier.

The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula ( also known as Gaius ), Claudius, and Nero, or the family to which they belonged ; they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century ( 44 / 31 / 27 ) BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

Anthony Munday's play The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington portrays many of John's negative traits, but adopts a positive interpretation of the king's stand against the Roman Catholic Church, in line with the contemporary views of the Tudor monarchs.

In 1989, von Trier's mother revealed on her deathbed that the man who he thought was his father was not, and that she had had a tryst with her former employer, Fritz Michael Hartmann ( 1909 – 2000 ), who descended from a long line of Roman Catholic classical musicians ( his grandfather was Emil Hartmann, his great grandfather J. P. E.

So long as everyone was using the same tactics these weaknesses were not immediately apparent, but with the advent of the Roman legion they proved fatal in every major engagement, the most famous being the Battle of Pydna, as the Romans were able to advance through gaps in the line and easily defeat the phalangites once in close.

The Great Uprising of 1598 swept all Spanish presence south of the Bío-Bío River except Chiloé ( and Valdivia which was decades later reestablished as a fort ), and the great river became the frontier line between Mapuche lands and the Spanish realm.

The most that can be said about built structures under Diocletian's reign is that he rebuilt and strengthened forts at the Upper Rhine frontier ( where he followed the works made under Probus's reign, both along the Lake Constance-Basel as well as along the Rhine – Iller – Danube line ), in Egypt, and on the frontier with Persia.

Fourteen years later, in 142, the Romans extended the Britannic frontier northwards, to the Forth-Clyde line, where they constructed the Antonine Wall, but, after approximately twenty years, they then retreated to the border of Hadrian's Wall.

In either case, the frontier probably moved south to the line of the Stanegate at the Solway-Tyne isthmus around this time.

Under the protocol signed on 7 May 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and basically dealing with the way in which the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority ( while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £ 2, 400, 000 sterling ), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier.

The 1937 treaty recognized the Iran-Iraq border to be along the low-water mark on the eastern side of the Shatt, except at Abadan and Khorramshahr, where the frontier ran along the the deep water line ( thalweg ), giving Iraq control of most of waterway.

The provisional western border should be the Oder-Neisse line, parts of East Prussia and former Free City of Danzig should be under Polish administration, but that the final delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should await the peace settlement, which had to await the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany in 1990.

The land and sea boundary with China, delineated under the France-China treaties of 1887 and 1895, is " the frontier line " accepted by Hanoi that China agreed in 1957-58 to respect.

In 1890, the frontier line had broken up ( Census maps defined the frontier line as a line beyond which the population was under 2 persons per square mile ).

Following the race to the sea, both sides dug in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France.

In January 1849 Worth proposed a line of ten forts to mark the western Texas frontier from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River.

“ They told me that they considered their line of ‘ chatze ’, or posts, as their frontier – viz., Kugiar, Kilian, Sanju, Kiria, etc .- and that they had no concern with what lay beyond the mountains ” i. e. the Kun Lun range in northern Kashmir.

These are straight line distances to cities, seas that wash the Spanish coast and the frontier with Portugal, France and Andorra:

Belfort, on steep ground and lined up with the Vosges Mountains, would form part of a natural line of defence for France's newly imposed eastern frontier.

The Assyrians built a line of frontier fortifications against the Hittites on the Balikh River.

The 1937 treaty recognized the Iranian-Iraqi border as along the low-water mark on the eastern side of the Shatt al-Arab except at Abadan and Khorramshahr where the frontier ran along the thalweg ( the deep water line ) which gave Iraq control of almost the entire waterway ; provided that all ships using the Shatt al-Arab fly the Iraqi flag and have an Iraqi pilot, and required Iran to pay tolls to Iraq whenever its ships used the Shatt al-Arab.

* 1730-A Belgian Engineer, the Marquis of Verboom, Chief Engineer of the Spanish Royal Engineer Corps, who had taken part in the 1727 siege, arrived in San Roque commissioned by the Spanish government to design a line of fortifications across the isthmus.

The Maginot Line (, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defenses, which France constructed along its borders with Germany and Italy, in light of its experience in World War I, and in the run-up to World War II.

Two telephone wires were placed parallel to the line of fortifications, providing redundancy in the event of a wire getting cut.

* The construction of the Limes, a line of Roman fortifications from the Rhine to the Danube, is begun.

As a protection against German threats along the eastern border a strong line of fortifications was constructed between Verdun and Toul and between Épinal and Belfort.

Several archaeological digs in the castro of La Carisa ( municipality of Lena ) have found remnants of a defensive line whose main purpose was to protect the valleys of central Asturias from invaders who came from the Meseta through the Pajares pass: the construction of these fortifications reveals a high degree of organization and cooperation between the several Asturian communities, in order to defend themselves from the southern invaders.

Other factors were the increasing intensity of the anti-war movement in the U. S., the approaching presidential campaign in which Johnson was expected to seek re-election, and McNamara's support — over the objections of the Joint Chiefs of Staff — of construction along the 17th parallel separating South and North Vietnam of a line of fortifications running from the coast of Vietnam into Laos.

In 1838, the fort of Alexandria, renamed Navaginsky a year later, was founded at the mouth of the Sochi River as part of the Black Sea coastal line, a chain of seventeen fortifications set up to protect the area from recurring Circassian resistance.

French Armies lived off the land and when they were confronted by a line of fortifications which they could not out flank, they were unable to continue the advance and were forced to retreat once they had consumed all the provisions of the region in front of the lines.

However, it had no second line of fortifications, nor any fortress.

It features a bastion and fortifications that are part of the Defense line of Amsterdam and the Dutch Water Line.

The town was also defended by a line of fortifications from Elliot's Creek at Boone Hall to Copahee Sound.

The line of the town's star-shaped fortifications can still be traced by lines of tall poplar trees and in places by a moat.

He determined against storming this extensive double line of interlocking fortifications.

On 24 February 1917, the German army made a strategic scorched earth withdrawal from the Somme battlefield to the prepared fortifications of the Hindenburg Line, thereby shortening the front line they had to occupy.

The old city was triangular in shape, two sides being bounded by the Rhine and Mosel and the third by a line of fortifications.

The town proper, previously encircled by a continuous line of fortifications, now vanished.

Instead of a supposedly impenetrable defensive line, such fortifications emphasized defence in depth, so that as defenders were forced to pull back or were overrun, the lines of defenders behind them could take over the defence.

** The Molotov Line, a line of fortifications built by the Soviet Union in World War II following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

In a business context, this involves setting up fortifications such as barriers to market entry around a product, brand, product line, market, or market segment.

The Skåne Line (), popularly known as the Per Albin Line () after then-Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson, was a 500 kilometer long line of light fortifications erected during World War II around the coast of southern Sweden to protect the country from a possible German or Soviet invasion.

Israel wished to disconnect the two Egyptian arms before it could construct and man strong fortifications along the new defense line.

Upon its discovery in the 19th century, Warren's shaft, part of a system which connects the spring to the city, has been cited as evidence for the plausibility of such a line of attack ; however, the discovery, at the turn of the 21st century, of a set of heavy fortifications, including towers, around the base of the Warren's shaft system and the spring, has made archaeologists now regard this line of attack as implausible, as it would be an attack against one of the most heavily fortified parts, and hardly a surprise.