The other, also known as lunate or uncial epsilon and inherited from earlier uncial writing, looks like a semicircle crossed by a horizontal bar.

In the uncial script ( used for literary papyrus manuscripts in late antiquity and then in early medieval vellum codices ), the " lunate " shape ( x12px ) became predominant.

In Unicode, the character U + 03F5 " Greek lunate epsilon symbol " () is provided specifically for the lunate form.

The lunate epsilon ( ϵ ) is not to be confused with the set membership symbol (∈), nor should the Latin uppercase epsilon ( Ɛ ) be confused with the Greek uppercase sigma ( Σ ).

In archaeology, the term spokeshave is used to describe a tool, usually a uniface, that has at least one retouched lunate notch in one edge.

In archaeology a lunate is a small stone artifact, that has a blunt straight edge and a sharpened crescent shaped back.

There has also been documentation showing that some people have only one artery supplying the lunate, which could be easily severed or pinched, even through a slight sprain, causing the patient to develop Kienbock's.

During Stage 3, the lunate has begun to break apart due to the pressure of the surrounding bones.

At Stage 4, the lunate has completely disintegrated and the other bones in the wrist have radiated downward to fill in the void.

Laminar microliths can also sometimes be described as trapezoidal, triangular or lunate.

There have also been findings of lunate dating back to the 3rd / 4th millennium B. C.

The difference in the three types was also associated with the length of the lunate objects, with Helwan lunate normally being the longest and bipolar being the shortest.

The triquetral bone ( also called triquetrum, pyramidal, three-cornered or triangular bone, and formerly cuneiform bone ) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones.

While flexion and extension consist of movements around a pair of transverse axes — passing through the lunate bone for the proximal row and through the capitate bone for the distal row — palmar flexion occurs mainly in the radiocarpal joint and dorsiflexion in the midcarpal joint.

Of these the palmar or anterior and the dorsal or posterior surfaces are rough, for ligamentous attachment ; the dorsal surfaces being the broader, except in the lunate.

In many manuscripts of the New Testament and icons, Χ is an abbreviation for Χριστος, as is XC ( the first and last letters in Greek, using the lunate sigma ); compare IC for Jesus in Greek.

The medial surface presents two articular facets ; of these, the superior or smaller is flattened of semilunar form, and articulates with the lunate bone ; the inferior or larger is concave, forming with the lunate a concavity for the head of the capitate bone.

The body of the radius is self-explanatory, and the lower extremity of the radius is roughly quadrilateral in shape, with articular surfaces for the ulna, scaphoid and lunate bones.

The lateral surface, the base of the pyramid, is marked by a flat, quadrilateral facet, for articulation with the lunate.

The bluefin possesses enormous muscular strength, which it channels through a pair of tendons to its lunate shaped caudal fin for propulsion.

The Greek word for " king " is written ΒΑϹΙΛΕΩΣ, with both a lunate sigma ( Ϲ ) and a normal sigma ( Σ ) in the same word.

In Eastern Christianity, the most widely used Christogram is a four-letter abbreviation, ΙϹΧϹ — a traditional abbreviation of the Greek words for " Jesus Christ " ( i. e., the first and last letters of each of the words — written " ΙΗϹΟΥϹ ΧΡΙϹΤΟϹ " with the lunate sigma " Ϲ " common in medieval Greek ).

It is named for Dr. Robert Kienböck, a radiologist in Vienna, Austria who described osteomalacia of the lunate in 1910.

Specifically, Kienbock's disease is another name for avascular necrosis ( death and fracture of bone tissue due to interruption of blood supply ) with fragmentation and collapse of the lunate.

At this point, the lunate is ready for removal.

Another surgical option for this stage is a titanium, silicon or pyrocarbon implant that takes place of the lunate, though doctors shy from this due to a tendency of the implant to smooth the edges of the surrounding bones, thus causing painful pinched nerves when the bones slip out of place.

A dotted lunate sigma ( sigma periestigmenon, encoded at U + 03FE ) was used by Aristarchus of Samothrace as an editorial sign indicating that the line so marked is at an incorrect position.

Each line of the text has some twelve to fourteen Greek uncial letters, arranged in four columns ( 48 lines in column ) with carefully chosen line breaks and slightly ragged right edges.

The codex has almost 4 000 000 uncial letters.

* Byzantine uncial has two unique features: " b-d uncial " uses forms of b and d, which are closer to half-uncial ( see below ), and was in use in the 4th and 5th centuries ; " b-r " uncial, in use in the 5th and 6th centuries, has a form of b that is twice as large as the other letters, and an r with a bow resting on the baseline and the stem extending below the baseline.

* Italian uncial has round letters ( c, e, o, etc.

* Insular uncial ( not to be confused with the separate insular script ) generally has definite word separation, and accent marks over stressed syllables, probably because Irish scribes did not speak a language descended from Latin.

It is written on 759 leaves of vellum in uncial letters and has been dated palaeographically to the 4th century.

It has uncial features as well, such as the ascender of the letter d slanting to the left, and vertical initial strokes of m and n.

The script is predominantly Insular majuscule but has some uncial characteristics and is thus called semi-uncial.

In the Bari type, the letter c often has a " broken " form, resembling the Beneventan form of the letter e. E itself, however, has a very long middle arm, distinguishing it from c. The letter d can have a vertical or left-slanting ascender, the letter g resembles the uncial form, and the letter i is very tall and resembles l.

" The letter d can have either a vertical ascender or an ascender slanted to the left ; i is often very tall, resembling l ; n can be written with an uncial form ( similar to a capital N ); o is often oval-shaped and has a line connecting it to the next letter ; and t has a loop extending to the left of its top stroke.

It is sometimes called " eN-type ," as the letter e has a high, open upper loop, and the uncial form of the letter n ( resembling majuscule N ) is very frequently used.

They also use specifically Insular scribal abbreviations not found in other uncial forms, use wedge-shaped finials, connect a slightly subscript " pendant i " with m or h ( when at the end of a word ), and decorate the script with animals and dots (" Insular dotting ", often in groups of three ).

In a completely different manuscript, there is also a very abbreviated epitome entitled Apici excerpta a Vinidario, a " pocket Apicius " by " an illustrious man " named Vinidarius, made as late as the Carolingian era ; it survives in a single 8th-century uncial manuscript.

Cyrillic was based on Greek uncial script, and adopted Glagolitic letters for some sounds which were absent in Greek — it also had some letters which were only used almost exclusively for Greek words or for their numeric value: < span class =" Unicode "> Ѳ, Ѡ, Ѱ, Ѯ, Ѵ </ span >.

The name is also spelt " Taḋg " in the Irish uncial alphabet with an overdot over the " d " to indicate it is lenited ; the " dh " serves a similar purpose in the modern spelling.

Old Nubian is written in an uncial variant of the Coptic alphabet, including three unique letters: / ɲ / and / w / are both apparently derived from Meroitic script ; so is also / ŋ /, unless it is a ligature of two Greek gammas.

The Corbie type as used in the 8th century, was based on uncial and the Luxeuil type, but was also similar to half-uncial and insular script, with elements of Roman cursive.