Many philosophers have argued that consciousness is a unitary concept that is understood intuitively by the majority of people in spite of the difficulty in defining it.

According to Alan Ryan, the ideology of the original classical liberals argued against direct democracy, where law is made by majority vote by citizens, " for there is nothing in the bare idea of majority rule to show that majorities will always respect the rights of property or maintain rule of law.

" For example, James Madison argued for a constitutional republic with protections for individual liberty over a pure democracy, reasoning that, in a pure democracy, a " common passion or interest will, in almost every case, be felt by a majority of the whole ... and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party ...."

In meetings of his own Mississippi legislature, Davis had argued against secession ; but when a majority of the delegates opposed him, he gave in.

However the majority of scholars accept Baur's identification, though others, including Lightfoot, argued extensively that the " Simon Magus " of the Pseudo-Clementines was not meant to stand for Paul.

Some theorists have argued that family tends to be the strongest, most influential force which exists over the lifetime ; one essay has credited the majority of the student activism of the 1930s to the influence of parents.

Sommer argued that he would be drive the majority of the race as he was more familiar with the circuit and Nuvolari would likely break the car.

The majority argued that the First Amendment protects associations of individuals as well as individual speakers, and further that the First Amendment does not allow prohibitions of speech based on the identity of the speaker.

Freud's early work argued that the vast majority of latent dream content is sexual in nature, but he later shied away from this categorical position.

Whitlam argued that because of the vacancies being filled as they were, the Senate was " corrupted " and " tainted ", with the Opposition enjoying a majority they did not win at the ballot box.

The 1951 Congress argued that Trotskyists should start to conduct systematic work inside those Communist Parties which were followed by the majority of the working class.

It is argued that the requirement of a two-thirds majority in a vote of both houses of parliament would result in a bi-partisan appointment, preventing a party politician from becoming president.

He argued that a Parliament, even with an Arab majority, was the way forward.

Arendt also argued that the revolutionary spirit endemic to the founding fathers had not been preserved in America because the majority of people had no role to play in politics other than voting.

Some authors, such as Andrew Flood, have argued that destroying civilization would lead to the death of a significant majority of the population.

Gore had argued for a new recount that would pass constitutional muster, but the Court instead chose to end the election, asserting that “ the Florida Supreme Court has said that the Florida Legislature intended to obtain the safe-harbor benefits of 3 U. S. C. § 5 .” This last assertion by the 5 – 4 Bush v. Gore majority has proven very controversial.

Taylor argued that the basic problem with an interwar Europe was a flawed Treaty of Versailles that was sufficiently onerous to ensure that the overwhelming majority of Germans would always hate it, but insufficiently onerous in that it failed to destroy Germany's potential to be a Great Power once more.

", in which he complained that the majority of Germans were still Nazis at heart and argued the European Economic Community was little more than an attempt by the Germans to achieve via trade what they failed to accomplish through arms in the First and Second World Wars.

Laws passed by the state do not require approval by the citizen on a case-by-case basis, and it can be easily argued that some laws currently in place in some countries purporting to be liberal democracies do not have the approval of the majority of citizens.

Writing for the Court majority in Wesberry, Justice Black argued that a reading of the debates of the Constitutional Convention demonstrated conclusively that the Framers had meant, in using the phrase “ by the People ,” to guarantee equality of representation in the election of Members of the House of Representatives.

At the time, the opposition education secretary Tim Yeo argued that this low majority made the passing of the law due to Scottish MPs voting to introduce tuition fees that Scottish students attending university in Scotland would not have to pay.

In dissent, Justice Antonin Scalia argued that the Miranda warnings were not constitutionally required, citing a panoply of cases that demonstrated a majority of the then-current court, counting himself, Chief Justice Rehnquist, and Justices Kennedy, O ' Connor, and Thomas, " on record as believing that a violation of Miranda is not a violation of the Constitution.

Stove argued that it is a statistical truth that the great majority of the possible subsets of specified size ( as long as this size is not too small ) are similar to the larger population to which they belong.

On June 19, 1987 the Supreme Court, in a seven to two majority opinion written by Justice William J. Brennan, ruled that the Act constituted an unconstitutional infringement on the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, based on the three-pronged Lemon test, which is:

In his majority opinion, Justice Holmes introduced the clear and present danger test, which would become an important concept in First Amendment law ; but the Schenck decision did not formally adopt the test.

Gitlow was decided based on the bad tendency test, but the majority decision acknowledged the validity of the clear and present danger test, yet concluded that its use was limited to Schenck-like situations where the speech was not specifically outlawed by the legislature.

The majority did not adopt or use the clear and present danger test, but the concurring opinion encouraged the Court to support greater protections for speech, and it suggested that " imminent danger " a more restrictive wording than " present danger " should be required before speech can be outlawed.

The clear and present danger test was invoked by the majority in the 1940 Thornhill v. Alabama decision in which a state anti-picketing law was invalidated.

The vast majority of legal scholars have concluded that in writing the Schenck opinion Justice Holmes never meant to replace the " bad tendency " test which had been established in the 1868 English case R. v. Hicklin and incorporated into American jurisprudence in the 1904 Supreme Court case U. S. ex rel.

Observational studies of car crash morbidity and mortality, experiments using both crash test dummies and human cadavers indicate that wearing seat belts greatly reduces the risk of death and injury in the majority of car crashes.

The means test was replaced with a statement of income, and benefit rates for pensioners ( the great majority of claimants ) were increased, granting them a real gain in income.

The majority of the initial test / debug cycle is conducted in the HDL simulator environment, as the early stage of the design is subject to frequent and major circuit changes.

The majority of Jewish Biblical commentators argue that God was testing Abraham to see if he would actually kill his own son, as a test of his loyalty.

A majority of U. S. jurisdictions also require a performance test, which is intended to be a more realistic measure of actual lawyering skill.

The PUP concentrated on agitating for constitutional reforms, including universal adult suffrage without a literacy test, an all-elected Legislative Council, an Executive Council chosen by the leader of the majority party in the legislature, the introduction of a ministerial system, and the abolition of the governor's reserve powers.

In Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U. S. 413 ( 1966 ), a plurality of the Court further redefined the Roth test by holding unprotected only that which is " patently offensive " and " utterly without redeeming social value ," but no opinion in that case could command a majority of the Court either, and the state of the law in the obscenity field remained confused.

In group 8 the vast majority of schools administer an aptitude test called the Cito Eindtoets Basisonderwijs ( literally, " Cito final test primary education ", often abbreviated to Citotoets ( Cito test ), developed by the Centraal instituut voor toetsontwikkeling ( Central Institute for test development )), which is designed to recommend the type of secondary education best suited for a pupil.

The per curiam majority opinion overturned the Ohio Criminal Syndicalism statute, overruled Whitney v. California, 274 U. S. 357 ( 1927 ), and articulated a new test — the " imminent lawless action " test — for judging what was then referred to as " seditious speech " under the First Amendment:

41-48, the majority of the Supreme Court of Canada noted that the test for whether a decision under review is patently unreasonable is articulated differently for findings of fact and findings of law.

Disagreeing with Barro's study were Berkeley economist Jesse Rothstein, who found the “ vast majority ” of unemployment was due to “ demand shocks ” not “ UI-induced supply reductions .” A study by Rothstein of extensions of unemployment insurance to 99 weeks during the Great Recession to test the hypothesis that unemployment insurance discourages people from seeking jobs found the overall effect of UI on unemployment was to raise it by no more than one-tenth of one percent.

Justice Sanford wrote for the seven-justice majority opinion, and invoked the Holmes test of " clear and present danger " but went further.