It was with the assistance of one of the members of this expedition, Lauritz Esmarch, that Oersted succeeded in producing light by creating an electric discharge in mercury vapor through which an electric current was made to flow.

Stained or unstained sections were examined under dark field illumination in a Zeiss fluorescence microscope equipped with a mercury vapor lamp ( Osram HBO 200 ).

The cold-vapor technique an atomization method limited to only the determination of mercury, due to it being the only metallic element to have a large enough vapor pressure at ambient temperature.

Carnot had postulated that the fluid body could be any substance capable of expansion, such as vapor of water, vapor of alcohol, vapor of mercury, a permanent gas, or air, etc.

Some types of smaller thermionic rectifiers sometimes had mercury vapor fill to reduce their forward voltage drop and to increase current rating over thermionic hard-vacuum devices.

Lamps including arc-discharge lamps, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps and mercury vapor lamps have two terminals and display nonlinear current – voltage characteristics.

Presented in 1915 by Wolfgang Gaede and using mercury vapor, they were the first type of high vacuum pumps operating in the regime of free molecular flow, where the movement of the gas molecules can be better understood as diffusion than by conventional fluid dynamics.

It is also notable for having one of the largest liquid ranges for a metal, and ( unlike mercury ) for having a low vapor pressure at high temperatures.

The absorption bands of neodymium interact with the visible emission spectrum of mercury vapor, with the unfiltered shortwave UV light causing neodymium-containing minerals to reflect a distinctive green color.

Daguerre discovered that exposing the silver first to iodine vapor, before exposure to light, and then to mercury fumes after the photograph was taken, could form a latent image ; bathing the plate in a salt bath then fixes the image.

* The definition does not address the quality of the vacuum, including the vapor pressure of the mercury, above the column of fluid.

Leaky transformers may be used to supply loads that exhibit negative resistance, such as electric arcs, mercury vapor lamps, and neon signs or for safely handling loads that become periodically short-circuited such as electric arc welders.

High-power rectifiers use mercury vapor to achieve a lower forward voltage drop than high-vacuum tubes.

Brattain's advisor was John T. Tate Sr., and his thesis was on electron impact in mercury vapor.

The image in a daguerreotype is often described as being formed by the amalgam, or alloy, of mercury and silver because mercury vapor from a pool of heated mercury is used to develop the plate ; but using the Becquerel process ( using a red filter and two-and-a-half stops extra exposure ) daguerreotypes can be produced without mercury, and chemical analysis shows that there is no mercury in the final image with the Bequerel process.

Many of the major roads in town do have modern mercury vapor streetlights ( built into gaslight frames ), but most of the residential sections of the town are still gaslit.

A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a gas-discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor.

* Mercury vapour turbine, a rotary engine to produce electricity from mercury vapor

Closeup of the Electrical filament | filament on a low pressure mercury gas discharge lamp showing white thermionic emission mix coating on the central portion of the coil.

The light from the lamp consists of atomic emission lines of mercury and sodium, but is dominated by the sodium D-line emission.

In addition, the red wing of the D-line emission is further pressure broadened by the Van der Waals forces from the mercury atoms in the arc.

Under the Clean Air Planning Act, a grandfathering approach is used to allocate emission allowances for SO < sub > 2 </ sub >, but allowances for NOx, mercury, and CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, are allocated using an output-based scheme.

Global coal fire emission are estimated to include 40 tons of mercury going into the atmosphere annually, and three percent of the world's annual CO < sub > 2 </ sub > emissions.

As the main arc strikes and the gas heats up and increases in pressure, the light shifts into the visible range and the high gas pressure causes the mercury emission bands to broaden somewhat, producing a light that appears more nearly white to the human eye, although it is still not a continuous spectrum.

Cremation of bodies containing amalgam restorations results in near-complete emission of the mercury to the atmosphere, as the temperature in cremation is far greater than the boiling point of mercury.

To prevent this, most germicidal lamps are treated to absorb the 185 nm mercury emission line ( which is the longest wavelength of mercury light which will ionize oxygen ).

The mercury ions are attracted towards the cathode, and the resulting ionic bombardment of the pool maintains the temperature of the ' emission spot ', so long as a current of a few amperes continues.

Unlike a tungsten-based light, which has a negative color temperature shift with a drop in power, the mercury emission spectra takes over with a drop in power ( approximately 200 K bluer at 50 % output ).

The EERC conducts research, development, demonstration, and commercialization activities involving zero-emissions coal conversion ; CO < sub > 2 </ sub > capture and sequestration ; energy and water sustainability ; hydrogen and fuel cells ; advanced air emission control technologies, emphasizing SO < sub > x </ sub >, NO < sub > x </ sub >, air toxics, fine particulate, CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, and mercury control ; renewable energy ; wind energy ; water management ; flood prevention ; global climate change ; waste utilization ; energy efficiency ; and contaminant cleanup.

Chemical controls Chemical controls ( i. e. the use of fungicides ) to specifically control turf grass diseases have been around since 1891 with the introduction of mercury chloride as a broad spectrum control.

Once the plasma is fully flowing ( less than one second ), the plasma strips away the outer electrons from the mercury, sending them into the phosphor, which produces photons in the proper spectrum for tanning.

Most commonly, a broad spectrum mercury or xenon source is used in conjunction with a color filter.

Charles Wheatstone observed the spectrum of an electric discharge in mercury vapor in 1835, and noted the ultraviolet lines in that spectrum.

One of the original complaints against mercury lights was they tended to make people look like " bloodless corpses " because of the lack of light from the red end of the spectrum.

Line spectrum of mercury vapor.

Although they were once widely used, many reef tank aquarists have abandoned T12 and T8 fluorescent lamps due to their poor intensity, and mercury vapor due to its production of a limited light spectrum.

The spectrum of this star displays an anomalously higher than normal abundance of the elements mercury and manganese, making this an HgMn star.

Twenty years ago, the ultraviolet " g-line " ( 436 nm ) of the mercury spectrum was used to create lines in the 750 nm range in steppers that employed mercury lamps as their illumination source.

One simple method of measuring the expansion of the heart is to tie a thin rubber tube, filled with mercury, around the heart and record the change in resistance as the tube is stretched.

Exposure to high levels of methylmercury, through consumption of fish with high mercury concentrations, is also a known cause of ataxia and other neurological disorders.

The mercury, is then swept into a long-pass absorption tube by bubbling a stream of inert gas through the reaction mixture.

It is one of only two elements on the periodic table that are known to be liquids at room temperature ( mercury is the other, although caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature ).

This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury.

The oxidation state + 1 can be reached by dissolving cadmium in a mixture of cadmium chloride and aluminium chloride, forming the Cd < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup > 2 +</ sup > cation, which is similar to the Hg < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup > 2 +</ sup > cation in mercury ( I ) chloride.

A mercury clock, described in the Libros del saber, a Spanish work from 1277 consisting of translations and paraphrases of Arabic works, is sometimes quoted as evidence for Muslim knowledge of a mechanical clock.

Tappers have a mercury drop in a reservoir at the center, with a capillary tube leading to another reservoir at a side ; the load is activated by tapping the die so that the mercury travels to the side.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit ( 24 May 1686 – 16 September 1736 ) was a Dutch-German-Polish physicist, engineer, and glass blower who is best known for inventing the alcohol thermometer ( 1709 ) and the mercury thermometer ( 1714 ), and for developing a temperature scale now named after him.

Inside the glass tube is a partial vacuum and a small amount of mercury.

Gallium is one of the metals ( with caesium, rubidium, mercury and likely francium ) which are liquid at or near normal room temperature, and can therefore be used in metal-in-glass high-temperature thermometers.

Unlike mercury, liquid gallium metal wets glass and skin, making it mechanically more difficult to handle ( even though it is substantially less toxic and requires far fewer precautions ).

Indium is 61st most abundant element in the Earth's crust at approximately 49 ppb, making indium approximately as abundant as mercury.

Recent analyses by the USGS of both unmineralized basalt and copper-mineralized rock show that a small amount of naturally-occurring mercury is associated with mineralization.

However in Superman III ( 1983 ) it is said that Kryptonite is an alloy made up of 15. 08 % plutonium, 18. 06 % tantalum, 27. 71 % xenon, 24. 02 % promethium, 10. 62 % dialium, 3. 94 % mercury, and 0. 57 % of an unknown substance.

Like the element mercury, another heavy metal, lead is a neurotoxin that accumulates both in soft tissues and the bones.

Classical examples of exceptions to this rule include native mercury, which crystallizes at-39 ° C, and water ice, which is solid only below 0 ° C ; as these two minerals were described prior to 1959, they were grandfathered by the International Mineralogical Association ( IMA ).

The most common choices are mercury ( Hg ) and water ; water is nontoxic and readily available, while mercury's density allows for a shorter column ( and so a smaller manometer ) to measure a given pressure.

Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury in most of the world, and lung pressures in centimeters of water are still common.