Production must be adjusted accordingly, at minimum cost and quickly.

But the really controversial aspect of customer-cost imputation arises because of the cost analyst's frequent practice of including, not just those costs that can be definitely earmarked as incurred for the benefit of specific customers but also a substantial fraction of the annual maintenance and capital costs of the secondary ( low-voltage ) distribution system -- a fraction equal to the estimated annual costs of a hypothetical system of minimum capacity.

One of the A.L.A.M. lawyers observed that if the Selden case had been tried under this simplified procedure, the testimony which filled more than a score of volumes, `` at a minimum cost of $1 a page for publication alone, could have been contained in one volume ''.

In this case, with perfect competition in the output market the long-run equilibrium will involve all firms operating at the minimum point of their long-run average cost curves ( i. e., at the borderline between economies and diseconomies of scale ).

When they occurred, minimum wage adjustments generally did not keep up with cost of living increases.

In addition to the obvious step of using a minimum charge, rather than a full power one, significant cost savings may be obtained through careful powder choice.

In the business sector, concerns include the expected increased cost of doing business, threats to profitability, rising levels of unemployment ( and subsequent higher government expenditure on welfare benefits raising tax rates ), and the possible knock-on effects to the wages of more experienced workers who might already be earning the new statutory minimum wage, or slightly more.

Three other possible reasons minimum wages do not affect employment were suggested by Alan Blinder: higher wages may reduce turnover, and hence training costs ; raising the minimum wage may " render moot " the potential problem of recruiting workers at a higher wage than current workers ; and minimum wage workers might represent such a small proportion of a business's cost that the increase is too small to matter.

" The ability of the earned income tax credit to deliver larger monetary benefits to poor workers than an increase in the minimum wage and at a lower cost to society was documented in a 2007 report by the Congressional Budget Office.

If for example the industry is large enough to support one company of minimum efficient scale then other companies entering the industry will operate at a size that is less than MES, meaning that these companies cannot produce at an average cost that is competitive with the dominant company.

Each character had one talent or skill point per point of IQ, and each skill had a skill point cost as well as a minimum IQ to learn it.

For example, minimum wage laws raise the cost of laborers with few skills to above the market equilibrium, resulting in people who wish to work at the going rate but cannot as wage enforced is greater than their value as workers becoming unemployed.

The Libertarian Party believes government regulations in the form of minimum wage laws drive up the cost of employing additional workers.

Moore himself wrote only about the density of components ( or transistors ) at minimum cost.

Density at minimum cost per transistor.

A minimum spanning tree would be one with the lowest total cost.

Operations Research is often concerned with determining the maximum ( of profit, performance, or yield ) or minimum ( of loss, risk, or cost ) of some real-world objective.

Colocation facilities provide space, power, cooling, and physical security for the server, storage, and networking equipment of other firms — and connect them to a variety of telecommunications and network service providers — with a minimum of cost and complexity.

The cabinet attempted to radically reform government, society and the economy, and a wide range of progressive social reforms were enacted during its time in office, such as significant increases in welfare payments and the indexation of benefits and the minimum wage to the cost of living.

An investment is considered acceptable if its internal rate of return is greater than an established minimum acceptable rate of return or cost of capital.

In a scenario where an investment is considered by a firm that has equity holders, this minimum rate is the cost of capital of the investment ( which may be determined by the risk-adjusted cost of capital of alternative investments ).

After that, it requires several minutes of concentrated work, including six separate and deliberate actions by a minimum of three men sitting at three separate stations in a bomber, each with another man beside him to help, for an armed bomb to be released.

It includes a raise in the county minimum wage, creation of several new jobs at the executive level, financing of beefed-up industrial development efforts, and increased expenditures for essential services such as health and welfare, fire protection, sanitation and road maintenance.

Then Goodbody will hand over a minimum of $15.5 million for developing the spacious Graves Tract to house the center.

The Act further provides for a `` floor '' or minimum allotment, set at the 1954 level, which is called the `` base '' allotment, and a `` ceiling '' or maximum allotment, for each State.

( Each State's unadjusted allotment for any fiscal year, which exceeds its minimum allotment described in item 13 below by a percentage greater than one and one-half times the percentage by which the sum being allotted exceeds $23,000,000, must be reduced by the amount of the excess.

For the States which maintain two separate agencies -- one for the vocational rehabilitation of the blind, and one for the rehabilitation of persons other than the blind -- the Act specifies that their minimum ( base ) allotment shall be divided between the two agencies in the same proportion as it was divided in fiscal year 1954.

Prior to 1960, in order to provide matching for the minimum ( base ) allotment, State funds had to equal 1954 State funds.

Beginning in 1960, the matching requirements for the base allotment are being adjusted ( upward or downward, as required ) 25% a year, so that by 1963 the entire support allotment will be matched on the basis of a 40% pivot State share, with maximum and minimum State shares of 50% and 30%, respectively.

Wall panels and structural timbers are standard as are windows and doors, making for a minimum of cutting.

Fortunately, it is the FHA which has arrived at this conclusion, for it means that cooling equipment of all kinds may now be included in a mortgage, and thus acquired with a minimum of financial stress.

Acreage in excess of the minimum is good practice as recreation areas are never too large for the future and it is often more economical to operate one large area than several small ones.

Advances in equipment and fabrication techniques give the sign or display manufacturer an extremely wide choice of production techniques, ranging from injection molding for intricate, smaller-size, mass-production signs ( generally 5000 units is the minimum ) to vacuum and pressure forming for larger signs of limited runs.

This is interesting for it combines both the thermodynamic concept of a minimum Gibbs function for equilibrium and minimum mechanical potential energy for equilibrium.

When we look at countries like Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Burma, where substantial progress has been made in creating a minimum supply of modern men and of social overhead capital, and where institutions of centralized government exist, we find a second category of countries with a different set of problems and hence different priorities for policy.

Even if we strip their respective claims to the barest minimum, the `` odds '' still favor them both, for the trend in effect is always more likely to continue than to reverse.

These minimum costs may come to $1 per month, more or less, for residential and small commercial customers, although they are substantially higher for large industrial users, who require more costly connections and metering devices.

Aside from this, the average portion contains some protein, an appreciable amount of vitamins A and C -- about one-tenth of the minimum daily requirement, and about a third of the official vitamin E requirement.

The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ), and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing-point.

Although there are no set minimum admissions criteria for Barrett College, the average GPA of incoming freshmen was 3. 84, with average SAT scores of 1314 / 1600 and ACT scores of 29.

Routinely, more than one-third of Acadia ’ s varsity athletes also achieve Academic All-Canadian designation through Canadian Interuniversity Sport by maintaining a minimum average of 80 per cent.

A number of recitals ( around six ), including a lecture-recital for which an accompanying doctoral dissertation is submitted, advanced coursework and a minimum B average are other typical requirements of a D. M. A program.

Port-au-Prince ranges in January from an average minimum of to an average maximum of ; in July, from.

Great size, including height of shoulder and proportionate length of body is to be aimed at, and it is desired to firmly establish a breed that shall average ( minimum ) from 32-34in.

Although the minimum daily temperature can fall below freezing in the winter, the monthly average temperature does not.

The minimum height of female Komondors is at the withers, with an average height of.

The minimum height of male Komondors is with an average height of.

A study of U. S. states showed that businesses ' annual and average payrolls grow faster and employment grew at a faster rate in states with a minimum wage.

Daniel B. Klein and Stewart Dompe conclude, on the basis of previous surveys, " the average level of support for the minimum wage is somewhat higher among labor economists than among AEA members.

A company will shut down if price falls below minimum average variable costs.

The average depth is 8 – 11 m ; the maximum of 24 m is reached above the Liteyny Bridge and the minimum ( 4. 0 – 4. 5 m ) is in Ivanov rapids.

Unequal fissions are energetically more favorable because this allows one product to be closer to the energetic minimum near mass 60 u ( only a quarter of the average fissionable mass ), while the other nucleus with mass 135 u is still not far out of the range of the most tightly bound nuclei ( another statement of this, is that the atomic binding energy curve is slightly steeper to the left of mass 120 u than to the right of it ).

However, an average adult American is not expected to know " Fair in the cradle, foul in the saddle ", an old English proverb that is not part of the current American paremiological minimum.

The double deck can also be used when playing with 4 players ; hand sizes, average scores and minimum bids are doubled.

The DRI for sodium is 2. 3 grams per day, but on average people in the United States consume 3. 4 grams per day, the minimum amount that promotes hypertension ; this in turn causes 7. 6 million premature deaths worldwide.

The minimum wage in Slovakia is set at 307 ,- € per month, the average salary for year 2010 is 769 € per month.