Non-lethal weapons are used in combat situations to limit the escalation of conflict or where employment of lethal force is prohibited or undesirable or where rules of engagement require minimum casualties or policy restricts the use of conventional force.

Opening fire with machine-guns and mortar fire at their minimum engagement distance, the Chinese suffered severe casualties and the assault was easily beaten off.

The rules of engagement were subsequently liberalized, but use of force was limited " to the very minimum ", and Defence Ministry approval was required for the diversion of vessels.

Meanwhile, the value of patrolling in depth and in sufficient strength to disrupt Viet Cong efforts to concentrate their forces was also emphasised and while no change to the pattern of Australian operations occurred, when a significant engagement was possible patrols would be required to be a minimum of company-size and platoons and companies would be required to operate close enough to reinforce each other rapidly to prevent a sub-unit from becoming isolated.

Both versions had a larger motor, a heavier warhead, and a greatly reduced minimum range of 500 m ( 1, 600 ft ) for a rear-quarter engagement.

The design goal was to produce an antitank missile which could be fired from both vehicles and helicopters ; that employed the SACLOS guidance system instead of the less reliable MCLOS system used by the SS. 11 ; had a longer range combined with a better minimum engagement range ; had a higher missile speed than the SS. 11 resulting in a shorter flight time ; and packed in a sealed container that also served as the launcher.

Using fast-reacting wire-guided or radio-command missiles meant the total engagement time was kept to a minimum, as there was little or no " lock-on " time required ; the operator simply fired and adjusted the missile's flight path onto the target while it flew.

The PL-12 is claimed to have an operational ceiling of at least 21 km, with a maximum effective range of 70 km and a minimum engagement range of 1, 000 m. The missile has a 38 + g manoeuvering limit and, according to CATIC, it has been tested for a 100-hour captive ' live flight ' life.

The last is equal to a projected separation of about 529 Astronomical Units ( AU ) at the estimated distance of Antares, giving a minimum value for the separation of the pair.

The distance between antipodal points on the ellipse, or pairs of points whose midpoint is at the center of the ellipse, is maximum along the major axis or transverse diameter, and a minimum along the perpendicular minor axis or conjugate diameter.

* Compute parameters of linear codes-an on-line interface for generating and computing parameters ( e. g. minimum distance, covering radius ) of linear error-correcting codes.

It is the only Grand Prix that does not adhere to the FIA's mandated 305 km minimum race distance.

( Firearm rounds may be dangerous or lethal well beyond their accurate range ; minimum distance for safety is much greater than specified range.

Solar panels were not a practical solution for Galileos power needs at Jupiter's distance from the Sun ( it would have needed a minimum of of solar panels ); as for batteries, they would have been prohibitively massive due to the technological limitations of the time.

In an ellipse, the semi-latus rectum ( the distance from a focus to the ellipse along a line parallel to the minor axis ) is the harmonic mean of the maximum and minimum distances of the ellipse from a focus.

Competitions involving large numbers of athletes sometimes use a " cut ": all competitors compete in the first three rounds, but only athletes who are currently among the top eight or have achieved some minimum distances are permitted to attempt to improve on their distance in additional rounds ( typically three ).

Sportvision provides a product called 1st & Ten which allows broadcasts of American football to include a visible line which may represent the line of scrimmage or the minimum distance that the ball must be moved for the offensive team to achieve a first down.

The same legislation also imposes a minimum distance between street lamps of about four times their height, so full cut off street lamps are the best solution to reduce both light pollution and electrical power usage.

This technique partially accounts for diffraction, allowing accurate calculations of the rate at which a laser beam expands with distance, and the minimum size to which the beam can be focused.

Modern touchscreens could be used in conjunction with stylus pointing devices, while those powered by infrared do not require physical touch, but just recognize the movement of hand and fingers in some minimum range distance from the real screen.

This is a milestone to potential applications, since it corresponds to the minimum distance between the ground and orbiting satellites.

* Radius ( graph theory ), the minimum distance from a graph's node to the node that is farthest from it

The minimum distance between chains is 343. 6 pm.

Other focal-plane shutter designs, such as the Copal Square, travelled vertically-the shorter travelling distance of 24 millimetres ( as opposed to 36 mm horizontally ) meant that minimum exposure and flash synchronisation times could be reduced.

The rotation distance between any two binary trees with the same number of nodes is the minimum number of rotations needed to transform one into the other.

Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.

Under Visual meteorological conditions the minimum visual range, distance from cloud, and heights to be maintained above ground vary by jurisdiction, and may also vary according to the airspace in which the aircraft is operating.

There is also a dust disc with a maximum temperature of 153 K located at a minimum distance of 3. 4 AU from the star.

For a given prime and positive integers and with, a primitive narrow-sense BCH code over the finite field with code length and minimum distance at least is constructed by the following method.

Hamming codes are special in that they are perfect codes, that is, they achieve the highest possible rate for codes with their block length and minimum distance 3.

Toutatis makes frequent close approaches to Earth, with a currently minimum possible distance ( Earth MOID ) of just 0. 006 AU ( 2. 3 times as far as the Moon ).

The idea is that due to quantum gravity effects, there is a minimum distance beyond which the force of gravity no longer continues to increase as the distance between the masses becomes shorter.

Navy and Marine Corps F / A-18 demonstration pilots and naval flight officers are required to have a minimum of 1, 250 tactical jet hours and be carrier-qualified.

Licensing in these categories require not only examinations but also a minimum of flight hours.

During refueling Cooper outlined his flight plan to the cockpit crew: a southeast course toward Mexico City at the minimum airspeed possible without stalling the aircraft ( approximately ) at a maximum altitude.

The minimum weather conditions for ceiling and visibility for VFR flights are defined in FAR Part 91. 155, and vary depending on the type of airspace in which the aircraft is operating, and on whether the flight is conducted during daytime or nighttime.

Because of technical problems with the thrust reverser sensors during the landing of TWA 881 at JFK, prior to flight 800 the ground-maintenance crew locked-out the thrust reverser for engine # 3 ( treated as a minimum equipment list item ).

Meteorological conditions that meet the minimum requirements for VFR flight are termed visual meteorological conditions ( VMC ).

Although not to the extent of penguins, auks have largely sacrificed flight, and also mobility on land, in exchange for swimming ability ; their wings are a compromise between the best possible design for diving and the bare minimum needed for flying.

If they are selected to serve as a pilot ( aircraft ), they will serve 8 – 11 years minimum from their date of winging, and if they are selected to serve as a naval flight officer they will serve 6 – 8 years.

* V < sub > S0 </ sub >: the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in landing configuration ( full flaps, landing gear down, spoiler retracted ).

* V < sub > S1 </ sub >: the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in a specific configuration ( usually a " clean " configuration with flaps, landing gear and spoilers all retracted ).

Must meet minimum type acceptance standards which may be foreign standards which have been deemed acceptable, or via a temporary permit to fly and flight testing regime.

To reach this position, a crew member requires some minimum years of service as flight attendant.

As the aircraft began taxiing to the departure runway, it was raining and visibility at the airport fell below the three mile minimum required for VFR flight.

Since a medical certificate and a private pilot's license have a minimum age requirement of 16 and 17 respectively, the new rule prohibits " child pilots " such as Jessica Dubroff and Vicki Van Meter from manipulating the flight controls if they are pursuing a record, and the pilot in command's pilot certificate may be revoked for allowing such activity.

These tubenose birds fly with stiff wings and use a “ shearing ” flight technique to move across wave fronts with the minimum of active flight.

Instrument approach procedure charts ( or approach plates ) are published for each ILS approach, providing pilots with the needed information to fly an ILS approach during instrument flight rules ( IFR ) operations, including the radio frequencies used by the ILS components or navaids and the minimum visibility requirements prescribed for the specific approach.

Usually the sole object in free-flight is flight duration, and one of the sport ’ s fascinations and challenges is to design the most efficient aircraft within the various competition limits on such parameters as minimum weight, maximum wing area and motive power.

These outdoor free flight models tend to be designed for two very different flying modes: climbing rapidly under power or tow, and gliding slowly while circling with minimum fall rate.

The airline touted themselves as the cheapest airline in the United States, offering a minimum of ten seats for $ 10 each on every flight.

* V < sub > S </ sub >, the minimum steady flight speed of an aircraft

A less often used term is the absolute ceiling – the highest altitude ( calculated on the ground and which will never be reached in flight except during flight testing ) at which an airplane can sustain level flight, which means the altitude at which the thrust of the engines at full power is equal to the total drag at minimum drag speed.