Pakistan was created in 1947 expressly as a Muslim state, but when the army took over eleven years later it did so on a wave of mass impatience which was directed in part against the inability of political and religious leaders to think their way through to the meaning of Islam for the modern political situation.

The conventional symbol Z comes from the German word meaning number / numeral / figure, which prior to the modern synthesis of ideas from chemistry and physics, merely denoted an element's numerical place in the periodic table.

For example, the word " Amerika " in German has a one-to-one equivalence to its meaning in modern English: it may denote North America, South America, or both, and in some instances refers to the United States only.

The modern name for amber is thought to come from the Arabic word, ambar, meaning ambergris.

The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).

A good example of the contempt the first democrats felt for those who did not participate in politics can be found in the modern word ' idiot ', which finds its origins in the ancient Greek word, idiōtēs, meaning a private person, a person who is not actively interested in politics ; such characters were talked about with contempt, and the word eventually acquired its modern meaning.

Alexander's selection of this word pre-dates the modern meaning of the word originated by Sigmund Freud.

The term " aesthetics " was appropriated and coined with new meaning in the German form Æsthetik ( modern spelling Ästhetik ) by Alexander Baumgarten in 1735.

The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word * anguz meaning " narrow " ( modern High German " eng ") or " angular " ( of the shape of the Jutland peninsula ).

In modern ground forces ' usage, the meaning of armour has expanded to include the role of troops in combat.

The modern and advanced meaning refers to the geometry of analytic varieties.

" The term was introduced by Apollonius of Perga in his work on conic sections, but in contrast to its modern meaning, he used it to mean any line that does not intersect the given curve.

The word originally could refer to any small boat ; the modern meaning arose around 1480.

The Hebrew text of Samuel is widely recognised to be heavily corrupted with errors ( meaning that scribes, over the centuries, have introduced many mistakes while copying the original version ), while in addition the Greek and Hebrew versions differ considerably ; modern scholars are still working at finding the best solutions to the many problems this presents.

The modern Turkish name İstanbul derives from the Greek phrase eis tin polin ( εις την πόλιν ), meaning " in the City " or " to the City ".

The game, first known as crapaud ( a French word meaning " toad " in reference to the original style of play by people crouched over a floor or sidewalk ), reportedly owes its modern popularity to street craps.

In modern times the name " cardinal priest " is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests.

" Civilization was not used in its modern sense to mean " the opposite of barbarism "— as contrasted to civility, meaning politeness or civil virtue — until the second half of the 18th century.

The meaning of " Capet " ( a nickname rather than a surname of the modern sort ) is unknown.

The censors ' regulation of public morality is the origin of the modern meaning of the words " censor " and " censorship.

It was this authority of the Roman censors which eventually developed into the modern meaning of " censor " and " censorship "— i. e., officials who review published material and forbid the publication of material judged to be contrary to " public morality " as the term is interpreted in a given political and social environment.

Although not flag officers, modern day commodores in the U. S. Navy rate a blue and white command pennant that is normally flown at their headquarters facilities ashore or from ships that they are embarked aboard when they are the senior officer afloat.

In modern international maritime signal flags, the quarantine flag is yellow and black.

On the wall behind the podium hung a picture of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism, and two flags, later to become the official flag of Israel.

* 1797 – The modern Italian flag is first used.

1704 proposal of a flag for the Union of Crowns, a predecessor of the modern Union Flag ( introduced 1801 ).

* The flag of Mozambique is the only national flag to incorporate an actual modern firearm into its design ( an AK-47 ).

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

The plain yellow flag (" Quebec " or Q in international maritime signal flags ), probably derives its letter symbol for its initial use in quarantine, but this flag in modern times indicates the opposite — a ship that declares itself free of quarantinable disease, and requests boarding and routine port inspection.

In Indonesia, civilians may either place their right hand to their left-breast ( heart ) or salute the flag as per a military salute, which may be that of the PETA Revolutionaries, or as per modern military drill.

A modern version of the Wessex flag

On modern UNIX-like systems ( that comply with SUSv3 specification in this respect ), the following special case applies: if the parent explicitly ignores SIGCHLD by setting its handler to ( rather than simply ignoring the signal by default ) or has the flag set, all child exit status information will be discarded and no zombie processes will be left.

The flag of the World Health Organization combines a modern world map ( azimuthal equidistant projection ) with the Rod of Asclepius, in origin a symbol of the axis mundi

* All modern integrated development environments display variable types on demand, and automatically flag operations which use incompatible types, making the notation largely obsolete.

The Stairs Expedition was a military mission of 400 men under the Congo Free State flag, armed with 200 rifles modern for their time.

Although many modern listeners believe that the premier song about soul-selling at a crossroads is " Cross Road Blues " by Robert Johnson, the song may be a description of standing at a cross roads and trying to " flag a ride " or hitch-hike ; the sense of foreboding coming from the singer's apprehension of finding himself, a young black man in the 1920s deep south, alone after dark and at the mercy of passing motorists.

The modern coat of arms circa 1992 is the same, but the shield can be adorned with golden oak leaves tied with a ribbon with colours of the Russian national flag.

The flag was first adopted as the national flag of modern Germany in 1919, during the Weimar Republic.

The colours of the modern flag are associated with the republican democracy formed after World War I, and represent German unity and freedom: not only the freedom of Germany, but also the personal freedom of the German people.

In 1822 during the Peruvian War of Independence, troops from both the Liberating Expedition of Peru ( Expedición Libertadora del Perú ) and the United Liberating Army of Peru ( Ejército Unido Libertador del Perú ) used a standard that was identical to the modern flag of Chile, except their flag had three stars in the canton, representing the three nations united by the cause of independence: the Argentine provinces, Chile and Peru.