The purpose of these initiatives was to avoid the enforcement of the military articles in the FCMA treaty which called for military co-operation with Russia, thereby strengthening Finland's attempts to implement a policy of neutrality.

In the 1960s, more attempts at neutrality agreements and coalition government were attempted but as North Vietnam had no intention of withdrawing from Laos, these agreements all failed.

However, since circumstances made it a highly complex matter in regard to the neutrality of Laos, target approval had to come from the U. S. government in Washington, D. C. Additionally, the U. S. ambassadors in South Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand were involved in controlling these U. S. air operations.

Irish control over these bases made possible Irish neutrality in the looming Second World War.

The authority would judge any single character or any single sentence's neutrality ; if the authority had decided these words, or sentence were derogatory or cynical towards the rulers, then persecution would begin.

Bilateral treaties were concluded with the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, the Archbishopric of Mainz, Palatinate-Neuburg, the Electorate of Brandenburg, the Electorate of Cologne, in which these Imperial States pledged to deny their territories to foreign troops and to push for imperial neutrality in the Reichstag.

In exchange for the withdrawal of Viet Minh forces, the communist representatives in Geneva wanted full neutrality for Cambodia and for Laos that would prevent the basing of United States military forces in these countries.

Carbon, or climate, neutrality is usually achieved by combining the following steps ( although these may vary depending whether the strategy is implemented by individuals, companies, organizations, cities, regions, or countries ):

The merchant vessels were under threat of attack by German U-boats, and the Senator felt the loss of American lives in attacks upon these boats put American neutrality at risk.

Twenty nations held a policy of neutrality in September 1939, but only seven other European nations found themselves capable, like Sweden, of officially maintaining this stance throughout the entire war: these were Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Vatican City and Switzerland.

By giving and receiving pledges he put these on a footing of neutrality.

It is possible that these efforts heightened the state of alert and were a cause of alarm in Britain, leading to the British expending significant effort in trying to convince the Irish government to abandon neutrality and side with the Allies.

This treaty ( to which initially only Hainault, Artois and Lilloise Flanders acceded ) reconfirmed the Pacification and the Perpetual Edict, and offered Spain the neutrality of these provinces if it would accept and guarantee these stipulations.

The occasion which brought these sentiments to a head was the impeachment of Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby, as a scapegoat for a scandal by which Louis XIV bought the neutrality of Charles's government with an outright bribe.

Europe and Japan realized the benefits of these exchanges ( for example, the Japanese sent data about Soviet forces in the Far East and in Operation Barbarossa from the Japanese Embassy, and Admiral Canaris offered aid in respect to the Portuguese neutrality question in Timor ).

Both of these conditions proved unacceptable to Reza Shah ; he was sympathetic to Germany, and Iran had declared its neutrality in the Second World War.

Some of these contracts neutralized each other, which allowed the confederation to remain neutral – in the 1647 Defensionale von Wil, signed under the impression of the Swedes advancing as far as Lake Constance in the winter of 1646 / 47, the confederates declared " permanent armed neutrality ", the historical starting point of Swiss neutrality, which would be re-confirmed by the Congress of Vienna and adhered to throughout the 19th and 20th century conflicts.

The Swiss, although somewhat skeptical, reacted by treating these violations of their neutrality as " accidents ".

Article 214 TFEU also reiterates the principles of humanitarian aid, these being respect for international law and the principles of impartiality, neutrality and non-discrimination.

The paper considered network neutrality in terms of neutrality between applications, as well as neutrality between data and QoS-sensitive traffic, and proposed some legislation to potentially deal with these issues.

Bourdieu claims that the " field of position-takings [...] is not the product of coherence-seeking intention or objective consensus ," meaning that an industry characterized by position-takings is not one of harmony and neutrality.

In his book ' Broadcasting politics in Japan: NHK and television news ', ES Krauss states :' in the 1960s and 1970s, external critics of NHK news were complaining about the strict neutrality, the lack of criticism of government, and the ' self-regulation in covering events ' ' Krauss claims that little had changed by the 1980s and 1990s.

That is, the ethnographer cannot escape their own particular viewpoint in creating an ethnographic account thus making any claims of objective neutrality on the part of their representation highly problematic, if not altogether impossible.

Post-modernist approaches to international relations are critical of metanarratives and denounces traditional IR's claims to truth and neutrality.

Sky News operates under the requirements of United Kingdom broadcasting regulations that require neutrality although there are occasional claims that Sky News may be inherently biased due to the fact that it is a News Corporation company ; most of News Corporation's news outlets have an openly conservative or right-wing outlook.

Sumner was well regarded in Great Britain, but after the war he sacrificed his reputation in Britain by his stand on U. S. claims for British breaches of neutrality.

Most historians of the period reject most claims of active complicity or active resistance, painting a picture of a Catholic leadership who chose neutrality or mild resistance over an explicit ideological struggle with fascism.

The Catholic League claims political neutrality, which is mostly required of non-profits.

Prentice claims the issue is being appropriately handled by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ), which has invited the general public to an open debate on net neutrality.

There are claims that Etisalat breaks the rules of net neutrality by throttling peer-to-peer, gaming and other types of network traffic in order to reduce the load on its oversubscribed international links.

On December 6, Dulles held a news conference during which he reaffirmed U. S. neutrality on the Goa issue, but did not recant claims of Portuguese sovereignty over the region.

Admiral Harte claims that he had explained this, but Jack had asked him write his orders which stated that ' scrupulous respect will be paid to the laws of neutrality ' so is in the clear.

A fundamental dynamic in modern constitutionalism, " the seizure of the political phenomenon by law " is all the more remarkable when it claims a scientific value, thus a neutrality aiming at preventing all objection.

Tim Wu, though a proponent of network neutrality, claims that the current Internet is not neutral as, " among all applications ", its implementation of best effort generally favors file transfer and other non-time sensitive traffic over real-time communications.

Tim Wu, though a proponent of network neutrality, claims that the current Internet is not neutral as its implementation of best effort generally favors file transfer and other non-time sensitive traffic over real-time communications.

A plain white map of the continent on a blue background symbolizes neutrality ( Bartram was well aware of the overlapping territorial claims of the United Kingdom, Chile, and Argentina when he designed the flag ).

It claims political neutrality, and holds that " folkish " and ( non-racial ) universalism are not necessarily at odds.

they have observed correct neutrality ; ;

The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops — the country follows the doctrine of " armed neutrality " with all males required to have military training — a number that General Eisenhower estimated to be about 850, 000.

* 1955 – After the last Allied troops have left the country and following the provisions of the Austrian Independence Treaty, Austria declares permanent neutrality.

Bertrand was neither Italian nor a cardinal, and his election might have been considered a gesture towards neutrality.

The Swiss have broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality.

Only in recent years have the Swiss broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality.

I can answer the question without hesitation, bearing in mind the fact he had, as will easily be believed, the strongest possible feeling about the sanctity of treaties and international engagements, and the moral obligation to observe them ... from the moment when the Germans violated the neutrality of Belgium, he would ... have been for immediate war ".

** After the last Allied troops have left the country and following the provisions of the Austrian Independence Treaty, Austria declares its permanent neutrality.

Some authors argue that Switzerland's militia tradition of " every man a soldier " contributed to the preservation of its neutrality during the Second World War, when it was not invaded by Nazi Germany because the military cost to the Nazis would have been too high.

However, McGuckin theorizes that Candidian's progressive abandonment of neutrality in favor of Nestorius may have created the perception that Candidian's troops were, in fact, there to support Nestorius.

The invasion of Norway was presented as a measure to protect Norway's neutrality from Britain, and Raeder claimed to have been a " political prisoner " at Spandau.

Since then, a national organization does not have to be neutral itself but must respect the neutrality of UEA.

In exchange they required a permanent neutrality clause to be enshrined into the new Austrian State Treaty-thus ensuring that Austria would not be a member of NATO and that NATO forces would therefore not have direct communications between Italy and West Germany.

The Irish government, having obtained the Seville Declaration on Ireland's policy of military neutrality from the European Council, decided to have another referendum on the Treaty of Nice on Saturday, 19 October 2002.

From there they went to Zürich, where the Swiss authorities decreed that to protect Swiss neutrality, Louis Philippe would have to leave the city.

# On 13 Oct: " Resolved, That the initial meridian should have a character of absolute neutrality.

In order to protect the neutrality of the chair, the Constitution of Ireland provides that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle does not seek re-election as a Teachta Dála ( Deputy to the Dáil ) but rather is deemed automatically to have been re-elected by their constituency at a general election, unless they are retiring.

It is admitted by the honourable gentleman and his supporters, that if Denmark had evidenced any hostility towards this country, then we should have been justified in measures of retaliation ... Denmark coerced into hostility stands in the same position as Denmark voluntarily hostile, when the law of self-preservation comes into play ... Does anyone believe that Buonaparte will be restrained by any considerations of justice from acting towards Denmark as he has done towards other countries ?... England, according to that law of self-preservation which is a fundamental principle of the law of nations, is justified in securing, and therefore enforcing, from Denmark a neutrality which France would by compulsion have converted into an active hostility.

The updates have taken into account the evolving duties, responsibilities, and expectations of the profession ; however the core dictate of the body of the code --“ to integrity ; public service ; seek no favor ; exemplary conduct in both personal and professional matters ; respect the role and contributions of elected officials ; exercise the independence to do what is right ; political neutrality ; serve the public equitably and governing body members equally ; keep the community informed about local government matters ; and support and lead our employ-ees ”— have not changed since the first edition.

In a separate interview he said that increasing corporate control " is very, very dangerous and we have put the whole issue of net neutrality right into the heart of our campaign platform ," and that the Internet is " a public tool for exchanging ideas and I particularly want to say that if we don ’ t fight to preserve it, we could lose it.

:" The most important principles of humanitarian action are humanity, which posits the conviction that all people have equal dignity by virtue of their membership in humanity, impartiality, which directs that assistance is provided based solely on need, without discrimination among recipients, neutrality, which stipulates that humanitarian organizations must refrain from taking part in hostilities or taking actions that advantage one side of the conflict over another, and independence, which is necessary to ensure that humanitarian action only serves the interests of war victims, and not political, religious, or other agendas.

Senators Olympia Snowe ( R-ME ) and Byron Dorgan ( D-ND ) cosponsored and spoke on behalf of an amendment that would have inserted strong network neutrality mandates into the bill.