Since 1990, Bulgaria has an unstable party system, in the past two decades differently dominated by the post-communist Bulgarian Socialist Party or by the right Union of Democratic Forces and recently by the new right-oriented party-Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria.

After the fall of the communism in 1990, the former communist party changed to Bulgarian Socialist Party ( BSP ) and won the first post-communist elections for the new constitution in 1990 with a small majority.

Following the collapse of the ruling Communist Party in Yugoslavia, Croatia adopted a new constitution in 1990 – which replaced the 1974 constitution adopted by the Socialist Republic of Croatia – and organised its first multi-party elections.

* 1936 – The Soviet Union adopts a new constitution and the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic is established as a full Union Republic of the USSR.

The new state, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, officially came into existence on December 30, 1922.

The rise of the Socialist Workers ' Party ( later known as the Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD ), declared its aim to establish peacefully a new socialist order through the transformation of existing political and social conditions.

The German Democratic Republic was declared on 7 October 1949, with a new constitution which enshrined socialism and gave the Soviet-controlled Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) control.

In 1946, the new republic was granted federal status as an autonomous " People's Republic of Macedonia " within the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

On April 16, 1991, the parliament adopted a constitutional amendment removing " Socialist " from the official name of the country, and on June 7 of the same year, the new name, Republic of Macedonia, was officially established.

In September 2002, new legislative elections were held, and the Socialist Union of Popular Forces ( Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires — USFP ) led all other parties in the voting.

Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, Novotný proclaimed the completion of socialism, and the new constitution, accordingly, adopted the name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

With parliamentary support from the nationalist PUNR ( National Unity Party of Romanians ), PRM ( Great Romania Party ), and the ex-communist PSM ( Socialist Workers ' Party ), a new government was formed in November 1992 under Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu, an economist.

In 1989, at Stockholm, the 18th Congress of the Socialist International adopted a new Declaration of Principles, saying:

With the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the 1990's, only the republics of Serbia and Montenegro agreed to maintain the Yugoslav state, and established a new constitution for a new Yugoslavia in 1992.

As a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the new state was incorporated into the Soviet Union in June 1940 as the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.

In the journal Critique ( Journal of Socialist Theory ), Hillel H. Ticktin argues that the new Soviet rulers found themselves unable to use the market to control and exploit the peasantry and workers.

* April 28 – The two remaining constituent republics of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – Serbia and Montenegro – form a new state, named the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( after 2003, Serbia and Montenegro ), bringing to an end the official union of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Bosnian Muslims and Macedonians that existed from 1918 ( with the exception of the period during World War II ).

The Socialist Partido Socialista Obrero Español ( PSOE ) has created a new think tank called the Fundación Ideas.

The Socialist Party ( PS ), joined by other parties on the left, soundly defeated Chirac's conservative allies, forcing Chirac into a new period of cohabitation with Jospin as prime minister ( 1997 – 2002 ), which lasted five years.

As the left-wing Socialist Party was in thorough disarray following Jospin's defeat, Chirac reorganised politics on the right, establishing a new party – initially called the Union of the Presidential Majority, then the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ).

This met with a Red Army counter-offensive that drove into Polish territory almost to Warsaw, Minsk itself was re-captured by the Soviet Red Army on 11 July 1920 and a new Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was declared on 31 July 1920.

" Although Raeder was not anti-Semitic in the virulent National Socialist sense, he tolerated statements from his senior officers such as Admiral Schuster ( appointed by Raeder as the inspector of education and training ) who told new recruits in 1937 that they must be " racially and morally sound .".

The October Revolution established a new Bolshevik regime, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ), and the Ministry of Internal Affairs ( MVD ) turned into NKVD under a People's Commissar.

It opened certain serious crimes ( including murder, manslaughter, kidnapping, rape, armed robbery, and serious drug crimes ) to a retrial, regardless of when committed, with two conditions: the retrial must be approved by the Director of Public Prosecutions, and the Court of Appeal must agree to quash the original acquittal due to " new and compelling evidence ".

The case was re-investigated in early 2005, when the new law came into effect, and his case was referred to the Court of Appeal in November 2005 for permission for a new trial, which was granted.

The LPF joined a cabinet with the Christian Democratic Appeal and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, but conflicts in the rudderless LPF quickly collapsed the cabinet, forcing new elections.

After very long cabinet formation talks, the Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA ), itself a new Christian democratic political formation composed of KVP, CHU and ARP, formed government with the VVD, based on a very narrow majority.

In 1966, the Council of Ministers decided to build new buildings to house the Courts of Justice: Assize Court, Labour Court, Court of Appeal, Court of Commerce, ...

The first Court of Appeal to rule on a new legal issue will bind all lower Superior Courts statewide.

The determination of each Appellate Committee was normally final, but the House of Lords ( in common with the Court of Appeal and High Court of England and Wales ) retained an inherent jurisdiction to reconsider any of its previous decisions, this includes the ability to " vacate " that decision and make a new one.

The new legal structure had a single Court of Appeal, split into two divisions, hearing appeals from a unified High Court of Justice made up of the King's Bench, Chancery and Common Pleas Divisions.

More than 200 days after the election, the Christian Democratic Appeal ( a new party that was formed by Den Uyl's former coalition-members Catholic People's Party and Anti Revolutionary Party, joined by the smaller Christian Historical Union ) formed a cabinet with the liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, supported by a small majority of 77 seats ( out of a total of 150 ).

After the Dutch general election of 2010 the Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA ) suffered a disappointing election result, and Informateur Ivo Opstelten announced the formation of a new centre-right coalition cabinet composed of the winner of the election, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and De Jong's own Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA ).

The Evangelical People's Party was a relatively new party, founded in 1981, as a splinter group from the Christian Democratic Appeal, the largest party of the Dutch centre-right.

The charismatic Rosenmöller became the " unofficial leader " of the opposition against the first Kok cabinet because the main opposition party Christian Democratic Appeal was unable to adapt well to its new role as opposition party.

The Master of the Rolls was transferred to the new Court of Appeal, the Lord Chancellor retained his other judicial and political roles, and the position of Vice-Chancellor ceased to exist, replaced by ordinary judges.

In contrast, scientists assessing the usefulness of animal models of Parkinson's disease, as well as the medical research charity The Parkinson's Appeal, state that these models were invaluable and that they led to improved surgical treatments such as pallidotomy, new drug treatments such as levodopa, and later deep brain stimulation.

54-55 Coroners and Justice Act 2009 also removed sexual infidelity as a qualifying form of provocation, but in a recent controversial decision by Lord Judge in R v Clinton 1 Cr App R 26 in the Court of Appeal, Lord Judge interpreted the new offence as allowing for sexual infidelity to count under the third prong of the new defence ( see Baker & Zhao 2012 ).

One interpretation, which is followed by the Boards of Appeal of the EPO, is that an invention is patentable if it provides a new and non-obvious " technical " solution to a technical problem.

The UK Court of Appeal judgment in Aerotel v Telco and Macrossan's Application criticised EPO practice to deem non-technical subject matter, such as new music or a story, as part of the prior art as not being intellectually honest.

In May 2005, based on its understanding of implied malice to require defendant's subjective appreciation and conscious disregard of a likely risk of causing serious bodily injury to another, the Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's call for a new trial on the second-only degree murder count, and Knoller appealed to the California Supreme Court.

In this same summer, smarting from a failed effort at establishing a socialist community near Tennessee City, Tennessee, publisher Julius Wayland established in Kansas City a new socialist weekly newspaper, Appeal to Reason, eventually moving the operation for financial reasons to a small town in southeastern Kansas called Girard.

The judges of the new superior courts, including the Chief Justice and President, adopted for all occasions-ceremonial or otherwise-the ordinary working judicial dress of the austere type previously worn by members of the old Court of Appeal, that is, in the words of the current Order 119 rule 2 of the Rules of the Superior Courts, 1986:

The most senior Justices on the Court of Appeal were appointed to the new Court.