The Estates of the land then met at Königsberg ( Królewiec ) and took the oath of allegiance to the new duke, who used his full powers to promote the doctrines of Luther.

In 718, Chilperic responded to Charles ' new ascendancy by making an alliance with Odo the Great ( or Eudes, as he is sometimes known ), the duke of Aquitaine, who had made himself independent during the civil war in 715, but was again defeated, at the Battle of Soissons, by Charles.

Rather than appoint a new duke from his own circle, Otto now divided the threatening power of the duchy among the great ecclesiastics with and through whom he ruled, and who had remained faithful to his cause: the Bishop of Würzburg and the Abbot of Fulda ( 939 ).

The influence of the grateful new queen being actively exerted on Alberoni's behalf — the princesse des Ursins having been chased out — within not much more than a year Alberoni was made a duke and grandee of Spain, a member of the king's council, appointed bishop of Málaga, and in 1715 prime minister, and was made cardinal by Pope Clement XI, under pressure from the court of Spain, in July 1717.

As the Welf duke Henry the Proud, son-in-law and heir of Lothair and the most powerful prince in Germany, who had been passed over in the election, refused to acknowledge the new king, Conrad III deprived him of all his territories, giving the Duchy of Saxony to Albert the Bear and that of Bavaria to Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria.

Allowing Gilbert to remain in power as duke, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga to his new vassal in 928.

Roger in the meantime had rapidly overrun the duchy of Apulia and had sent Honorius lavish gifts, asking the Pope to recognise him as the new duke and promising to hand over Troia and Montefusco in exchange.

Involving a duke named Basil, the Chartoularios Jordanes, and a subdeacon named Lurion, the departure of Marinus paused the plot, only to see it resume with the arrival of the new exarch, Paul.

But ultimately Lorenzo was confirmed as the new duke of Urbino.

The duke of Milan, Ludovico il Moro Sforza ( 1452 – 1508 ), agreed to the marriage, which was held in the presence of Leonardo da Vinci, and encouraged the launch of the new cake-like bread: Pan de Toni ( or Toni's bread ).

The new duke fought against the infidels in Spain, Egypt and Palestine, but is more celebrated as a lawgiver, a patron of letters and a founder of towns.

The Union of Vilnius and Radom of 1401 confirmed Vytautas's status as grand duke under Władysław's overlordship, while assuring the title of grand duke to the heirs of Władysław rather than those of Vytautas: should Władysław die without heirs, the Lithuanian boyars were to elect a new monarch.

Napoleon conquered Parma in 1800 and compensated the Bourbon duke with Etruria, a new kingdom he created from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

At the same time, Edward expanded the ranks of the peerage upwards, by introducing the new title of duke for close relatives of the king.

Thus, the 19th century saw a new group of monarchs titled grand duke all around Central Europe.

Dagobert made his courtier Gundoin the first duke of this new polity that was to last until the end of the Merovingian dynasty.

In Lotharingia he earned the enmity of the new duke, Gilbert, who declared for the German king Henry the Fowler in 919.

After this disaster the duke ordered to build a new town at the shore of a small lake called the Zierker See.

The council went on ( in spite of the intervention of most of the powers ) to pronounce Eugene IV deposed ( 25 June 1439 ), giving rise to a new schism by electing ( 4 November 1439 ) duke Amadeus VIII of Savoy, as ( anti ) pope, who took the name of Felix V.

The knights who disapproved of the decision were pressured into acceptance by Albert's supporters and the burghers of Königsberg, and only Eric of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Komtur of Memel, opposed the new duke.

The new king, Conrad III, demanded the imperial insignia which were in Henry's possession, and the duke in return asked for his investiture with the Saxon duchy.

However, the new ducal dynasty also became extinct in 1609, when the last duke died insane.

* Ludwigsburg: planned new capital for the duke of Württemberg

As more Champenois winemakers embarked on this new and completely different wine style, the rivalry with Burgundy mellowed and eventually waned.

In April 1711, Louis Le Grand Dauphin suddenly died, making Louis XV's father Burgundy the new dauphin.

These were bolstered by new levies raised in Normandy and Paris, and joined by auxiliaries from Burgundy and vassal domains in Picardie and Champagne, to a total strength possibly as great as 10, 000.

For example, the double marriage in 1385 at Cambrai of his son, John the Fearless, and his daughter, Marguerite, to Margaret of Bavaria and William of Bavaria, son and daughter of Albert, Count of the neighbouring Hainault and Holland, prepared the later union of Hainault and Holland with Burgundy and Flanders, as carried out by Philip's grandson, Philip the Good ; the marriages also inserted the new Valois Burgundy dynasty into the Wittelsbach network of alliances: the other daughters of Count Albert had married William I, Duke of Guelders and Wenceslaus, King of Bohemia ; their cousin, Isabeau of Bavaria, had married Charles VI of France, and become Queen of France.

John the Fearless, the new Duke of Burgundy took over and the feud escalated.

" Despite the establishment of this new flag, the cross of Burgundy would still often used by colonial entities.

In recognition of this service Hugh was invested by the new king with the duchies of Burgundy and Aquitaine.

The recordings came to the attention of SonyBMG's new Burgundy Records label, which was impressed both by the quality of the material and by the possibility of pairing America with other independent artists.

Jakob's eldest son, Ulrich, took over the business on his father's death, and in 1473 he provided new suits of clothes to Frederick, his son Maximilian I, and his suite on their journey to Trier to meet Charles the Bold of Burgundy and the betrothal of the young prince to Charles's daughter Maria.

Traditional red Burgundy is famous for its savoury fleshiness and ' farmyard ' aromas ( these latter not unassociated with mercaptans and other reductive characters ), but changing fashions, modern winemaking techniques, and new easier-to-grow clones have favoured a lighter, more fruit-prominent, cleaner style.

Their hopes for a new, independent Burgundy were dashed in 1156, and the last Zähringen count, Berchtold V, embarked on a program of city founding.

In 1011, Rudolph III of Burgundy presented a Novum castellum or new castle ( Old French neu, now neuf and Old French châtel, now château, in antiquated or Newenburg am See ) on the lake shore to his wife Irmengarde.

The two month stint featured distillation of some of Mr. Show's best sketches, such as " The Burgundy Loaf ", and also added new material.

Charles adopted a new stance vis-à-vis France after the assassination of John of Burgundy in 1419.

Bourbon and the Bishop of Beauvais raised a new army at Toulouse, in part financed by the Pope whose nephew had been captured by Derby the previous year, while John of Normandy brought with him a substantial number of nobles from the north including such dignitaries as the Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy, Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu the Constable of France, both Marshals and the Master of Crossbowmen.

The victory forced Charles II into a new peace with the French king, and secured Burgundy for Philip.

When Philip of Burgundy became bishop of Utrecht, and settled at Duurstede Castle, in 1517, he was accompanied by Mabuse, who helped to decorate the new palace of his master.

With some of his actors and young apprentices in tow, Copeau moved to the Burgundy countryside to begin a new project.

The room probably functioned as a reception room, as it was the fashion in France and Burgundy where beds in reception rooms were used as seating, except, for example, when a mother with a new baby received visitors.

The new Duchess of Burgundy had a close relationship with the king and with Madame de Maintenon.

King Louis seeks a new wife to provide him with an heir and ensure the succession, but is hindered by the fact he is still married to Marguerite of Burgundy, who has been imprisoned for adultery in the Tour de Nesle Affair.

Notable developments during the French Renaissance include the beginning of the absolutism in France, the spread of humanism ; early exploration of the " New World " ( as by Giovanni da Verrazzano and Jacques Cartier ); the importing ( from Italy, Burgundy and elsewhere ) and development of new techniques and artistic forms in the fields of printing, architecture, painting, sculpture, music, the sciences and vernacular literature ; and the elaboration of new codes of sociability, etiquette and discourse.