Thus we hear of abbots going out to hunt, with their men carrying bows and arrows ; keeping horses, dogs and huntsmen ; and special mention is made of an abbot of Leicester, c. 1360, who was the most skilled of all the nobility in hare hunting.

Warned of the coming invasion by Isabella, Wallace implores the Scottish nobility, who are more concerned with their own welfare, that immediate action is needed to counter the threat and to take back the country.

Rather, it was a banquet hall for the Russian nobility which frequented this spa resort in the late 19th century, and is presently used as a restaurant.

There is no evidence that the Shang nobility used herbal remedies.

Their daughters Cristina and María both married into the high nobility ; Cristina to Ramiro, Lord of Monzón, grandson of García Sánchez III of Navarre via an illegitimate son ; María, first ( it is said ) to a prince of Aragon ( presumably the son of Peter I ) and second to Ramón Berenguer III, count of Barcelona.

( Originally, the Fujiwara were descended from relatively minor nobility, thus their kami is an unremarkable one in the Japanese myth world.

There is also a broader definition, as described by Marc Bloch ( 1939 ), that includes not only warrior nobility but all three estates of the realm: the nobility, the clerics, and the peasantry bonds of manorialism ; this is sometimes referred to as a " feudal society ".

Since at least the 1960s, when Marc Bloch's Feudal Society ( 1939 ) was first translated into English in 1961, many medieval historians have included a broader social aspect that includes not only the nobility but all three estates of the realm, adding the peasantry bonds of manorialism and the estates of the Church ; this is sometimes referred to as " feudal society " since it encompasses all members of society into the feudal system.

His nobility is shown in stark contrast to the deceit and pridefulness of the Greeks, especially Achilles.

The real population transfer figures are somewhat contested by historians, though the general perception is that significant portion of local population had remained, while the exile was largely of the nobility class.

Ivanhoe is the story of one of the remaining Saxon noble families at a time when the English nobility was overwhelmingly Norman.

During the period in which Ivanhoe is set, the nobility would have spoken a mixture of medieval English and medieval French.

* 1571 – Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.

The creation of chivalric orders was fashionable among the nobility in the 14th and 15th centuries, and this is still reflected in contemporary honours systems, including the term order itself.

It is the lowest title within the nobility system and ranks below that of " Baron " but above " Jonkheer " ( the latter is not a title, but a Dutch honorific to show that someone belongs to the untitled nobility ).

Before 1814, the history of nobility is separate for each of the eleven provinces that make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

In the Netherlands only 10 knightly families are still alive, a number which steadily decreases because in this country ennoblement or incorporation into the nobility is not possible anymore.

This designation is used as a title of nobility in all German-speaking areas.

The position is therefore more comparable with hereditary knighthoods in continental European orders of nobility, such as ritter, than with knighthoods under the British orders of chivalry.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

This act cost the region dearly ; with so many skilled artisans and agricultural labourers gone, the feudal nobility found itself sliding into bankruptcy.

He believed that the reform of the civil service into a meritocratic system and the disappearance of the ancient Chinese nobility from the bureaucracy constituted a modern society.

Stratified societies were historically organized in Europe as closed social systems, each endogamous, into for example nobility, clergy, bourgeoisie and peasants.

As armies modernized into infantry and team effort, the warrior caste evolved into modern form of nobility caste.

The Estates-General was organized into three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the rest of France.

The immediate occasion for the war was the uprising of the Protestant nobility of Bohemia against the emperor, but the conflict was widened into a European War by the intervention of King Christian IV of Denmark ( 1625 – 29 ), Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden ( 1630 – 48 ) and France under Cardinal Richelieu.

The nobility class fell under control of a handful of powerful families with established territorial domains, the urban population and infrastructure fell into ruin, together with most peasant farms.

Politically, these opposition forces organized into three competing parties: The liberal elements among the industrial capitalists and nobility, who believed in peaceful social reform and a constitutional monarchy, founded the Constitutional Democratic party or Kadets in 1905.

This conquest propelled the unification of Italy some decades after, and pushed the Italian language into a lingua franca used not only among clerks, nobility and functionaries in the Italian courts but also in the bourgeoisie.

Faced with large debts accumulated during the reign of his father, John George instituted a grain tax which drove part of the peasantry into dependence on a nobility that was exempt from taxation.

Some members of the nobility possessed the Bible in French, and some portions of the Bible had been translated into English as early as the seventh century under the auspices of the Catholic Church.

They feared the King would use Orders to gain support for absolutist goals and to make formal distinctions among the peerage which could lead to its legal breakup into two separate classes, and that the King would later play one against the other and eventually limit the legal privileges of hereditary nobility.

This system, however, tempted military officers to pass their positions to their sons, thus transforming the office from one based on achievement and loyalty to the mai into one based on hereditary nobility.

From the time that the yeoman class of England became proficient with the longbow, the nobility in England had to be careful not to push them into open rebellion.

Over the course of time, some nobles were polonized into the Polish – Lithuanian nobility ( Szlachta ) or russified into the Russian nobility ( Dvoryanstvo ).

The Mongol nobility during the Yuan dynasty studied Confucianism, built Confucian temples ( including Beijing Confucius Temple ) and translated Confucian works into Mongolian but mainly followed the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism under Phags-pa Lama.

There was a great deal of freedom of interaction between the groups: for example, Sarah, the granddaughter of the Visigoth king Wittiza, married a Muslim man and bore two sons who were later counted among the ranks of the highest Arab nobility.

The deputies of the Third Estate representing the common people ( the two others were the Catholic Church and nobility ) decided to break away and form a National Assembly.

The period saw rise of native nobility such as the Frankopans and the Šubićs to prominence and ultimately numerous Bans from the two families.

Then the two of them slipped away with many of the nobility and embarked for Asia.

The subsequent events have often been interpreted as a struggle between two opposing factions, the " court party ", made up of Baldwin's mother, Amalric's first wife Agnes of Courtenay, her immediate family, and recent arrivals from Europe who were inexperienced in the affairs of the kingdom and who were in favour of war with Saladin ; and the " noble party ", led by Raymond of Tripoli and the lesser nobility of the kingdom, who favoured peaceful co-existence with the Muslims.

He did not want his relatives descending on Rome, nor did he want them to be enriched beyond the station of a member of the nobility, and he did not allow his two nephews, Riccardo and Herennius ( sons of his half-brother Alexander ), who lived in Rome under his care, to have formal visits.

He then used his influence to reconcile the two powerful Roman families of Orsini and Colonna, and, by decrees made in their interest, he also attached to himself the remainder of the Roman nobility.

From the 16th century on, there were attempts to elevate Robin Hood to the nobility and in two extremely influential plays Anthony Munday presented him at the very end of the 16th century as the Earl of Huntingdon, as he is still commonly presented in modern times.

The Sejm now comprised two chambers: the ' Senat ' ( Senate ) of 81 bishops and other dignitaries, and the Chamber of Envoys, made up of 54 envoys elected by small Sejms ( local assemblies of landed nobility ) in each of the Kingdom's provinces.

When he toured various parts of Scotland preaching the reformed doctrines and liturgy, he was welcomed by many of the nobility including two future regents of Scotland, the Earl of Moray and the Earl of Mar.

The water pipe employed since the Qing dynasty can be divided into two types: the homemade bamboo bong commonly made and used by country people, and a more elegant metal version employed by Chinese merchants, urbanites, and nobility.

Since no heir had yet been produced by either monarch, the act's implications were unforeseeable, but it forged bonds between the Polish and Lithuanian nobility and a permanent defensive alliance between the two states, strengthening Lithuania's hand for a new war against the Teutonic Order in which Poland officially took no part.

They are dedicated to two members of the Catholic nobility, Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton and Byrd's own patron Sir John Petre, who had been elevated to the peerage in 1603 under the title Lord Petre of Writtle.

In France, before the guillotine, members of the nobility were beheaded with a sword or axe, which typically took at least two blows to kill the condemned, while commoners were usually hanged, a form of death that could take minutes or longer.

The election was held in the shadow of conflict between the Polish nobility ( szlachta ), with the two opposing sides gathered around Chancellor Jan Zamoyski and the Zborowski family.

The death of knights and other nobility in battle generally also left traces in records, but only two English killed have been identified: the squire Robert Brente and the newly created knight Aymer Rokesley.

This eliminated two pretenders to the Polish throne, secured young Bolesław ’ s inheritance as well as diminished the growing opposition to Wladyslaw I Herman among the nobility.

Ossietzky himself explained, perhaps half in jest, that it derived from an ancestor's service in a Polish lancer cavalry regiment ; the Elector of Brandenburg was unable to pay his two regiments of lancers at one point due to an empty war chest so he instead conferred nobility upon the entirety of the two regiments.

At Dartford in Kent, with his army outnumbered, and the support of only two of the nobility, York was forced to come to an agreement with Henry.

The work was sometimes overseen by his wife Katherine Briçonnet, who delighted in hosting French nobility, including King Francis I on two occasions.

St. Petersburg, which was built as a Western rather than a Russian city was long accused by supporters of traditional Russian lifestyles as importing Western ideas — the ideas of achieving nobility, committing suicide and, the synthesis of these two ideas, the nobility of suicide being among them.

Thurzó, along with Paul and her two sons-in-law, originally planned for Elizabeth to be spirited away to a nunnery, but as accounts of her murder of the daughters of lesser nobility spread, it was agreed that Elizabeth Báthory should be kept under strict house arrest, but that further punishment should be avoided.