The International Committee of the Red Cross ’ s Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 similarly elaborates that “ other forms of non-participation in a conflict have been added to neutrality as defined by treaty and customary law ,” and that “ it would have sufficed to use the expression ‘ not engaged in the conflict ’ or ‘ not Party to the conflict ’” in lieu of using the term ‘ neutral .’ The Commentary explicitly states that the term ‘ neutral ’ “ should be interpreted as covering non-participation in conflicts in general, as well as neutrality in the proper sense of the word .” Therefore, all non-belligerence is a form of neutrality, which means that neutrality includes the entire range of states not formally participating in international armed conflict such as de facto belligerents, non-participants who do not claim neutrality, temporary declared neutrals, and even long-standing neutrals.

The extreme of non-participation in offence is a Stay-at-home defender, who takes few risks and does not score much, instead focusing on defending against the opposing team.

Saudi women's rights campaigner Hatoon al-Fassi felt that authorities giving a practical reason for non-participation of women rather than a religious reason constituted a success for women's campaigning, since arguing against practical objections is easier than arguing against religious objections.

Withdrawing from the system by living on scavenged, stolen, or scammed resources is often touted by individuals and groups influenced by the Situationists, such as CrimethInc., as a viable means of survival and non-participation in the system.

On Friday 11 July 2008, Thielert issued a press release stating: " the reasons Diamond is presenting for its non-participation are clearly pretext ".

It is also focused on breaking inter-generational cycles of non-participation in tertiary education to reduce poverty and eliminate associated social issues.

However, these typical non-participation habits may slowly be evolving as more women take real interest in the games, for example Katie Hnida became the first woman ever to score points in a Division I NCAA American football game when she kicked two extra-points for the University of New Mexico in 2003.

The United States finally accepted the Court's jurisdiction on 28 December 1935, but the treaty was never ratified, something which Francis Boyle attributes to a strong isolationist element in the US Senate, arguing that the ineffectiveness shown by US non-participation in the Court and other international institutions can be linked to the start of the Second World War.

This appropriation of Socrates leads her to introduce novel concepts of conscience ( which gives no positive prescriptions but instead tells me what I cannot do if I would remain friends with myself when I re-enter the two-in-one of thought where I must render an account of my actions to myself ) and morality ( an entirely negative enterprise concerned with non-participation in certain actions for the sake of remaining friends with one's self ).

The band managed to catch the attention of Ozzy Osbourne's wife Sharon Osbourne who became their manager, though they later parted ways over personal and creative differences, a theme which continued within the band causing them to take a break from touring and resulting in their non-participation in the Tattoo the Earth tour in 2000.

The formation of the PPI, with the permission of Pope Benedict XV, represented a tacit and reluctant reversal of the Vatican ’ s Non Expedit policy of non-participation in Italian politics, officially abolished before the November 1919 elections, in which the PPI won 20. 6 % of the vote and 100 seats in the legislature.

Cyclingnews. com said: " Di Luca was recorded in several phone conversations with Eddy Mazzoleni in which he allegedly talked about doping products, the investigation led to Di Luca's non-participation in the 2004 Tour de France.

Pugh convinced the IRB Council that Olympic membership – initially as a non-participation sport – would be beneficial to rugby and offer the IRB member unions membership of their National Olympic Committees.

The security doctrine still states that " Sweden pursues a policy of non-participation in military alliances ," but permits cooperation in response to threats against peace and security.

While the party has been barred from formally taking part in elections since 2003 ( see below ), it has coordinated a variety of forms of participation ( or " quantifiable non-participation ") in recent elections.

Some politically active libertarians objected to his attitude of non-participation in politics, an attitude he himself changed later.

Redwood's policies were tax cuts, reduced public spending, opposing the closure of popular local hospitals, Britain's non-participation in a Single Currency, extended right-to-buy public housing schemes, keeping the Royal Yacht Britannia, and carrying on with the Northern Ireland peace process.

Backed by Nehru, Rajaji wanted to stand for the presidential election but later withdrew, due to the opposition of a section of the Indian National Congress mostly made up of North Indians who were concerned about Rajaji's non-participation during the Quit India Movement.

The Protestant Union was weakened from the start by the non-participation of several powerful Protestant rulers, such as the Elector of Saxony.

Factors hindering full-speed electronic collection include significant non-participation, entailing lines in manual lanes and disorderly traffic patterns as the electronic-and manual-collection cars " sort themselves out " into their respective lanes ; problems with pursuing toll evaders ; need, in at least some current ( barrier ) systems, to confine vehicles in lanes, while interacting with the collection devices, and the dangers of high-speed collisions with the confinement structures ; vehicle hazards to toll employees present in some electronic-collection areas ; the fact that in some areas at some times, long lines form even to pass through the electronic-collection lanes ; and costs and other issues raised when retrofitting existing toll collection facilities.

The early open support of the mainland bishops for the KMT and non-participation of the Catholic Church in the democratisation struggle of the island have limited the integration and development of the church among the Taiwanese.

He has also urged Iranians to engage in a campaign of non-violent civil disobedience, starting with non-participation in elections of the Islamic republic ( elections he views as undemocratic ), followed by peaceful demonstrations and strikes.

Subject to some exceptions, and the non-participation of some US states, the agreement required, in government and government agency procurement, that each party should accord to the other treatment no less favourable than the most favourable treatment accorded to domestic goods, services and suppliers.

The League was undermined from the start by the non-participation of the United States and the Soviet Union, and subsequently by the bellicosity of Mussolini's Italy, Nazi Germany, and Imperial Japan-leading many to question its legitimacy and effectiveness.

As a result of the 2010 U. S. diplomatic cables leak, it was learned that the United States government has described Sweden's " official security policy " as " non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime.

Hughes was England's only connection with their previous foray into the finals of a tournament – the 1970 World Cup – but his non-participation in either earned him the dubious honour of being England's most capped player never to feature in a major finals.

Initially the party had taken the policy of non-participation.

In Andhra Pradesh the party promoted non-participation, in reality a boycott, whereas the party supported certain candidates in West Bengal and Orissa.

While there are Orthodox Jews who commemorate the Holocaust on Yom HaShoah, others in the Orthodox community — especially Haredim, including Hasidim — remember the victims of the Holocaust on days of mourning declared by the rabbis before the Holocaust, such as Tisha b ' Av in the summer, and the Tenth of Tevet, in the winter, because in the Jewish tradition the month of Nisan is considered a joyous month associated with Passover and messianic redemption.

While there are nevertheless Orthodox Jews who commemorate the Holocaust on Yom HaShoah, others in the Orthodox community – especially Haredim, including Hasidim – remember the victims of the Holocaust on traditional days of mourning which were already in place before the Holocaust, such as Tisha B ' Av in the summer, and the Tenth of Tevet, in the winter.

This is one reason that Haredim will often prefer using Hebrew names for rabbinic titles based on older traditions, such as: Rav ( denoting " rabbi "), HaRav (" the rabbi "), Moreinu HaRav (" our teacher the rabbi "), Moreinu (" our teacher "), Moreinu VeRabeinu HaRav (" our teacher and our rabbi / master the rabbi "), Moreinu VeRabeinu (" our teacher and our rabbi / master "), Rosh yeshiva (" head the yeshiva "), Rosh HaYeshiva (" head the yeshiva "), " Mashgiach " ( for Mashgiach ruchani ) (" spiritual supervsor / guide "), Mora DeAsra (" teacher / decisor " the / this place "), HaGaon (" the genius "), Rebbe (" rabbi "), HaTzadik (" the righteous / saintly "), " ADMOR " (" Adoneinu Moreinu VeRabeinu ") (" our master, our teacher and our rabbi / master ") or often just plain Reb which is a shortened form of rebbe that can be used by, or applied to, any married Jewish male as the situation applies.

Haredim ), is a term used to describe the most conservative form of Orthodox Judaism, often referred to by outsiders as ultra-Orthodox.

Haredi Judaism is not an institutionally cohesive or homogeneous group, but comprises a diversity of spiritual and cultural orientations, generally divided into a broad range of Hasidic sects, Lithuanian-Yeshivish streams from Eastern Europe, and Oriental Sephardic Haredim.

In the course of the public and political debate that followed, the separate incidents merged into a single major debate with Haredim on one side and the secular world on the other side, which is continuing in full.

* Not hugging or kissing one's spouse in public ; among Haredim, no physical contact is permissible.

" Thus, Yosef's position can be seen as a middle ground between the Religious Zionists, among whom saying Hallel is compulsory, and the Ashkenazi Haredim, who do not say Hallel at all.

" Rabbi Binyamin Lau makes a cautious distinction between Yosef's public rhetoric which presents a unified front with the Ashkenazi Haredim, and between internal discussions, where Yosef is said to be more receptive to solving the problem of integrating the Haredim into the military.

In modern Israel Lita ' im ( Lithuanians ) is often used for all Haredi Jews who are not Hasidim ( and not Hardalim or Sephardic Haredim ).

A late-20th-and early-21st-century phenomenon, in which urban and suburban areas of Israel, such as Beit Shemesh, have become demographically and politically dominated by Haredim at the expense of non-Haredim ( including Religious Zionists and Hilonim ) has become known as Haredization ; the trend is often the subject of protests in various Israeli cities.

Although all Haredim and Hasidim stress fealty to established traditions, for Skverer Hasidism it is stressed exceedingly, and is a cornerstone of their philosophy.

Most Haredim contended that one cannot simultaneously be a philosopher and a true adherent of a revealed religion.