More generally, a range of other expressions are used among Haredim ( and outsiders ) to describe themselves and others in the community, such as Yidn ( Jews ), erlekhe Yidn ( virtuous Jews ), frum ( pious ), heimish ( home-like, i. e. " our crowd "), yeshivish and Anash ( anshei-shloimeinu – members of our community ).

There are ultra-Orthodox Haredim in a few yeshivot, Lubavitch focused on religious education, modern orthodox in Paris ( synagogue of Montevideo street and Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue ), consistorian Jews who are the majority following the grand rabbi of France Gilles Bernheim ( elected for seven years on 22 June 2008 ), Masorti Jews present in Paris and following the rabbi Rivon Krygier, and other smaller groups.

This is one reason that Haredim will often prefer using Hebrew names for rabbinic titles based on older traditions, such as: Rav ( denoting " rabbi "), HaRav (" the rabbi "), Moreinu HaRav (" our teacher the rabbi "), Moreinu (" our teacher "), Moreinu VeRabeinu HaRav (" our teacher and our rabbi / master the rabbi "), Moreinu VeRabeinu (" our teacher and our rabbi / master "), Rosh yeshiva (" head the yeshiva "), Rosh HaYeshiva (" head the yeshiva "), " Mashgiach " ( for Mashgiach ruchani ) (" spiritual supervsor / guide "), Mora DeAsra (" teacher / decisor " the / this place "), HaGaon (" the genius "), Rebbe (" rabbi "), HaTzadik (" the righteous / saintly "), " ADMOR " (" Adoneinu Moreinu VeRabeinu ") (" our master, our teacher and our rabbi / master ") or often just plain Reb which is a shortened form of rebbe that can be used by, or applied to, any married Jewish male as the situation applies.

Haredi Judaism is not an institutionally cohesive or homogeneous group, but comprises a diversity of spiritual and cultural orientations, generally divided into a broad range of Hasidic sects, Lithuanian-Yeshivish streams from Eastern Europe, and Oriental Sephardic Haredim.

In the course of the public and political debate that followed, the separate incidents merged into a single major debate with Haredim on one side and the secular world on the other side, which is continuing in full.

* Not hugging or kissing one's spouse in public ; among Haredim, no physical contact is permissible.

While there are Orthodox Jews who commemorate the Holocaust on Yom HaShoah, others in the Orthodox community — especially Haredim, including Hasidim — remember the victims of the Holocaust on days of mourning declared by the rabbis before the Holocaust, such as Tisha b ' Av in the summer, and the Tenth of Tevet, in the winter, because in the Jewish tradition the month of Nisan is considered a joyous month associated with Passover and messianic redemption.

The non-participation of Haredim in Yom HaShoah is one of the points which regularly causes friction between Haredim and non-Haredim in Israel, as non-Haredim consider the Haredi position of ignoring the siren and Yom HaShoah altogether to be disrespectful.

" Thus, Yosef's position can be seen as a middle ground between the Religious Zionists, among whom saying Hallel is compulsory, and the Ashkenazi Haredim, who do not say Hallel at all.

" Rabbi Binyamin Lau makes a cautious distinction between Yosef's public rhetoric which presents a unified front with the Ashkenazi Haredim, and between internal discussions, where Yosef is said to be more receptive to solving the problem of integrating the Haredim into the military.

In modern Israel Lita ' im ( Lithuanians ) is often used for all Haredi Jews who are not Hasidim ( and not Hardalim or Sephardic Haredim ).

A late-20th-and early-21st-century phenomenon, in which urban and suburban areas of Israel, such as Beit Shemesh, have become demographically and politically dominated by Haredim at the expense of non-Haredim ( including Religious Zionists and Hilonim ) has become known as Haredization ; the trend is often the subject of protests in various Israeli cities.

Although all Haredim and Hasidim stress fealty to established traditions, for Skverer Hasidism it is stressed exceedingly, and is a cornerstone of their philosophy.

However, most secular Jews, most Haredim, and most non-Orthodox Jews did not approve of this goal.

While there are nevertheless Orthodox Jews who commemorate the Holocaust on Yom HaShoah, others in the Orthodox community – especially Haredim, including Hasidim – remember the victims of the Holocaust on traditional days of mourning which were already in place before the Holocaust, such as Tisha B ' Av in the summer, and the Tenth of Tevet, in the winter.

The neighborhood has also seen a large influx of Orthodox Jews ( Haredim ) in recent years.

At first he aligned himself with religious Zionism and the Mizrachi movement, but after meeting Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld leader of the Haredi Jewish community, he became the political spokesman of the Haredim in Jerusalem and was elected political secretary of the Orthodox community council, Vaad Ha ' ir.

The vast majority of those that wear a Gartel during prayer are Hasidic Orthodox Jews ; a smaller number of non-Hasidic Haredim and an even smaller number of non-Haredi Orthodox Jews ( or even non-Orthodox Jews ) may also wear a gartel during prayer.

To the Haredim, however, the new Judaism of the Reformers was a movement that did away with the basic tenets of what they felt was authentic Judaism, a hoax to be disparaged and discouraged within their own communities.

Agudah represents the vast majority members of the yeshiva world, sometimes known by the old label of misnagdim, as well as sectors of Hasidic Judaism ; all are commonly known as Haredim or " ultra-Orthodox " Jews representing Torah Judaism in North America.

In Israel, Haredim are sometimes referred to as " blacks " ( Hebrew " shechorim ") by the seculars, a derogatory reference to the black clothes they typically wear.

Another important factor in the reconciliation process has been the activity of ZAKA – a voluntary rescue organization run by Haredim, which provides emergency first response medical attention at suicide bombing scenes and retrieves human remains found there to provide proper burial.

According to statistics published by the municipality, 63 % of the city's schoolchildren in 2010 were Haredim.

According to local authorities the population may reach 100, 000 by 2020, based on population growth and the building of new apartments to attract more Haredim from older Haredi cities such as Bnei Brak and parts of Jerusalem.

The center's prominent position on the Jerusalem skyline quickly brought it notice by the religious conservatives, or Haredim, of Israel.

Haredim have also sometimes perceived arguments for liberalization as in reality stemming from antagonism to Jewish law and beliefs generally, arguing that preserving faith requires resisting secular and " un-Jewish " ideas.

Haredim are currently primarily located in Israel, North America and Western Europe, with smaller pockets in other places such as Johannesburg, South Africa.

Estimates of the number of Haredim globally are difficult to measure, due to its imprecise definition, lack of data collection and rapid change over time.

Haredim going to the synagogue in Rehovot, Israel.

In December 2011, several separate incidents took place in rapid succession, creating a large public discussion about the position of Haredim in Israeli society, and leading to widespread incitement in both directions-seculars about Haredim, and Haredim about seculars.

In 1988, it was estimated that there are between 40, 000 and 57, 000 Haredim in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, mostly Hasidim.

As such Haredim have created extensive outreach programs, conducted out of a deep love and concern for the spiritual well-being of other Jews ; on a philosophical level, the generation and beliefs of these movements are condemned as stemming from the widespread denigration of religion of the 19th century.

The majority of UK Haredim descend from Eastern-European immigrants.

* Edah HaChareidis: rabbinical council of anti-Zionist Haredi groups in and around Jerusalem, including Satmar, Dushinsky, Toldos Aharon, Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok, Neturei Karta Mishkenos Horoim, Spinka, Brisk and a section of other Litvish Haredim.

Most Haredim contended that one cannot simultaneously be a philosopher and a true adherent of a revealed religion.

Religious conflicts have erupted between the Haredi and religious Zionist communities, and also amongst the Haredim themselves.

According to a city councillor, there were no Haredim in Bet Shemesh before the 1990s.

In 2011 Haredim made up 40 % of the population, of which an estimated 50 or 60 families with great influence are militant.

Albedo (), or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo " whiteness " ( or reflected sunlight ), in turn from albus " white ", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface.

The earliest certain ancestor of " A " is aleph ( also called ' aleph ), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet ( which, by consisting entirely of consonants, is an abjad rather than a true alphabet ).

Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.

Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

An American in Paris is scored for 3 flutes ( 3rd doubling on piccolo ), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in B flat, bass clarinet in B flat, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in B flat, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, bass drum, triangle, wood block, cymbals, low and high tom-toms, xylophone, glockenspiel, celesta, 4 taxi horns resembling the pitches A, B, C and D, alto saxophone / soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, baritone saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, and strings.

It is also the oldest award ceremony in the media ; its equivalents, the Grammy Awards ( for music ), Emmy Awards ( for television ), and Tony Awards ( for theatre ) are modeled after the Academy.

Although there are seven other types of annual awards presented by the Academy ( the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, the Scientific and Engineering Award, the Technical Achievement Award, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, and the Student Academy Award ) plus two awards that are not presented annually ( the Special Achievement Award in the form of an Oscar statuette and the Honorary Award that may or may not be in the form of an Oscar statuette ), the best known one is the Academy Award of Merit more popularly known as the Oscar statuette.

It is the basis for Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ), which is used for civil timekeeping all over the Earth's surface, and for Terrestrial Time, which is used for astronomical calculations.

The latter is not to be confused with TA ( NPL ), which denotes an independent atomic time scale, not synchronised to TAI or to anything else.

This time scale is expressed in the form of tables of differences UTC-UTC ( k ) ( equivalent to TAI-TAI ( k )) for each participating institution k. ( The same circular also gives tables of TAI-TA ( k ), for the various unsynchronised atomic time scales.

Altruism is a motivation to provide something of value to a party who must be anyone but oneself, while duty focuses on a moral obligation towards a specific individual ( e. g., a god, a king ), or collective ( e. g., a government ).

Next were films such as The Winds of the Aures ( 1965 ) of Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina, Patrol To The East ( 1972 ) of Amar Laskri, Prohibited Area of Ahmed Lallem, ( 1972 ), The Opium and the stick of Ahmed Rachedi, or The Battle of Algiers ( 1966 ) which is an Algerian-Italian film selected three times at the Oscars.

The term " anthropology " is from the Greek anthrōpos (), " man ", understood to mean humankind or humanity, and-logia (- λογία ), " discourse " or " study.

Because anthropology developed from so many different enterprises ( see History of Anthropology ), including but not limited to fossil-hunting, exploring, documentary film-making, paleontology, primatology, antiquity dealings and curatorship, philology, etymology, genetics, regional analysis, ethnology, history, philosophy, and religious studies, it is difficult to characterize the entire field in a brief article, although attempts to write histories of the entire field have been made.

The single largest organization of Anthropologists is the American Anthropological Association ( AAA ), which was founded in 1903.

He was worshipped as Acraephius ( ; Ἀκραιφιος, Akraiphios, literally " Acraephian ") or Acraephiaeus ( ; Ἀκραιφιαίος, Akraiphiaios, literally " Acraephian ") in the Boeotian town of Acraephia ( Ἀκραιφία ), reputedly founded by his son Acraepheus ; and as Smintheus ( ; Σμινθεύς, Smintheus, " Sminthian "— that is, " of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe ") near the Troad town of Hamaxitus.

The function of Apollo as a " healer " is connected with Paean ( Παιών-Παιήων ), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion.

The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word " pella " ( Pella ), stone.

A female dragon named Delphyne ( δελφύς: womb ), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon ( τύφειν: smoke ), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python.