By 1124, there were two great factions dominating local politics in Rome: the Frangipani family, which controlled the region around the fortified Colosseum and supported the northern cardinals, and the Pierleoni family, which controlled the Tiber Island and the fortress of the Theatre of Marcellus and supported the Italian cardinals.

In his years as papal advisor, Hildebrand had an important role in the reconciliation with the Norman kingdom of southern Italy, in the anti-German alliance with the Pataria movement in northern Italy and, above all, in the introduction of a law which gave the cardinals exclusive rights concerning the election of a new pope.

His son, Odin, led a migration to the northern lands, where they took wives and had many children, populating the entire north with Aesir.

At the end of 1874, when Field Marshal Serrano left Madrid to take command of the northern army in the Carlist War, Brigadier Martínez Campos, who had long been working more or less openly for the king, led some battalions of the central army to Sagunto, rallied to his own flag the troops sent against him, and entered Valencia in the king's name.

As one of the waterways and ancient highways, for centuries the road led from Europe to Asia and back, and from northern Africa to the Baltic Sea.

The Assyrian attacks on Israel ( the northern kingdom ) led to an influx of refugees into Judah, which would have increased social stresses, while at the same time the authorities in Jerusalem had to invest huge amounts in tribute and defense.

In 1449 Esen Tayisi led an Oirat Mongol invasion of northern China which culminated in the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor at Tumu.

This disrupted Chiang's offensives against the Communists for a time, although it was the northern factions of Hu Hanmin's Guangzhou ( Canton ) government ( notably the 19th Route Army ) that primarily led the offensive against the Japanese during this skirmish.

Another example are the MILPAS ( Milicias Populares Anti-Sandinistas ), peasant militias led by disillusioned Sandinista veterans from the northern mountains.

The Fascists managed to seize control of several post offices and trains in northern Italy while the Italian government, led by a left-wing coalition, was internally divided and unable to respond to the Fascist advances.

Valerian led troops to intercept them but failed, perhaps because of a plague that gravely weakened his army and the contemporary Iranian invasion of northern Mesopotamia by Shapur I, ruler of the Sassanid Empire.

It seems that, at first, a major naval expedition was led by Heruli, starting from northern Black Sea and leading in the ravaging of many cities of Greece ( among them, Athens and Sparta ).

During the later years of the Roman Empire, the Germanic peoples of northern Europe grew in strength to rival the Empire itself, and repeated organized attacks led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period, and the start of the middle ages.

Martin Luther led the Protestant Reformation against the Catholic Church after 1517, as the northern states became Protestant, while the southern states remained Catholic.

The beginning of industrialization in Germany led to trade in iron and silver from the northern Harz mountains, which increased the city's importance.

Meanwhile, Army captain John C. Frémont led settlers in northern California to overthrow the Mexican garrison in Sonoma ( in the Bear Flag Revolt ).

) Julian then divided his forces, sending one column to Raetia, one to northern Italy and the third he led down the Danube on boats.

A group of northern Federalists led by Massachusetts Senator Timothy Pickering went so far as to explore the idea of a separate northern confederacy.

In the south, military exchanges between Israel and the PLO led Israel to support Saad Haddad's South Lebanon Army ( SLA ) in an effort to establish a security belt along Israel's northern border, an effort which intensified in 1977 with the election of new Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin.

* 401 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy.

This led to the problem that the proposed base of the Pleistocene was at 1. 805 Mya, long after the start of the major glaciations of the northern hemisphere.

Searching for Llywarch's kingdom has led some historians to propose that, as was common in later Brythonic kingdoms, Rheged may well have been divided between sons, resulting in northern and southern successor states.

A former RCA facility in Taiwan's northern county of Taoyuan polluted groundwater with toxic chemicals and led to a high incidence of cancer among former employees.

Around the excavated city of Ebla in northern Syria, an Italian mission led by Prof. Paolo Matthiae discovered evidence in 1975 of a great Semitic empire, spreading from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia and thriving from 2500 to 2400 BCE.

The legend, which included numerous miraculous events, enabled the Catholic faithful to not only maintain their stronghold in northern Spain during the Christian crusades against the Moors, but also led to the growth and development of the city.

Richard S. Allen is the authority for the statement that the northern section was probably roofed by 1810.

The focus of novelty in this world now lay in the south-eastern districts of the Greek mainland, and by 800 virtually the entire Aegean, always excepting its northern shores, had accepted the Geometric style of pottery.

Australia, the Philippine Islands, Japan, and northern China were inhabited by those members of the Haijac Union that spoke American.

Lincoln was supported by Congress and the northern public for these actions.

Lincoln spent the next 100 days preparing the army and the nation for emancipation, while Democrats rallied their voters in the 1862 offyear elections by warning of the threat freed slaves posed to northern whites.

Other widely spoken Afroasiatic languages are Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, with 18 million native speakers ; Somali, spoken by around 19 million people in Greater Somalia ; and Hausa, the dominant language of northern Nigeria and southern Niger, spoken by 18. 5 million people and used as a lingua franca in large parts of the Sahel, with some 25 million speakers in total.

Some salamanders adopt defensive poses when faced by a potential predator such as the North American northern short-tailed shrew ( Blarina brevicauda ).

Areas of southern Nevada, Utah and Colorado form a loose northern boundary, while the southern edge is defined by the Colorado and Little Colorado rivers in Arizona and the Rio Puerco and Rio Grande in New Mexico.

Extending entirely across the state of Alabama for about south of its northern boundary, and in the middle stretching farther south, is the Cumberland Plateau, or Tennessee Valley region, broken into broad tablelands by the dissection of rivers.

First mentioned by the Romans in 213, the Alamanni captured the Agri Decumates in 260, and later expanded into present-day Alsace, and northern Switzerland, establishing the German language in those regions.

During his reign the Lombards ended their migrations by settling in Italy, the northern part of which Alboin conquered between 569 and 572.

Often dismissed as an unreliable tradition, it has been studied with attention by modern scholars, in particular Neil Christie, who see in it a possible record of a formal invitation by the Byzantine state to settle in northern Italy as foederati, to help protect the region against the Franks, an arrangement that may have been disowned by Justin II after Narses ' removal.

* 1987 – American engineer Ben Linder is killed in an ambush by U. S .- funded Contras in northern Nicaragua.

Andromeda is represented in the northern sky by the constellation Andromeda, which contains the Andromeda Galaxy.

The northern boundary of the ACC is defined by the northern edge of the Subantarctic Front, this being the most northerly water to pass through Drake Passage and therefore be circumpolar.

There is ongoing discussion among academics over the nature of the Nimrud lens, a piece of quartz unearthed by Austen Henry Layard in 1850, in the Nimrud palace complex in northern Iraq.

The Johnnycake was a poor substitute to some for wheaten bread, but acceptance by both the northern and southern colonies seems evident.

* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persian at Ar-Raqqah ( northern Syria ).

Armida was translated into German and widely performed, especially in the northern German states, where it helped to establish Salieri's reputation as an important and innovative modern composer It would also be the first opera to receive a serious preparation in a piano and vocal reduction by Carl Friedrich Cramer in 1783.

A report by Jean Ziegler, UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, notes that " millions of farmers are losing their livelihoods in the developing countries, but small farmers in the northern countries are also suffering " and concludes that " the current inequities of the global trading system are being perpetuated rather than resolved under the WTO, given the unequal balance of power between member countries.

The northern part, the so-called Unteren Freie Ämter ( lower Freie Ämter ), which included the districts of Boswil ( in part ) and Hermetschwil and the Niederamt, were ruled by Zurich, Bern and Glarus.