In it he stated another notion of " effective computability " with the introduction of his a-machines ( now known as the Turing machine abstract computational model ).

The prototypical example of this abstract notion is the self-referential structure at the core of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.

The notion that philosophy, especially ontology and the philosophy of mathematics should abstain from set theory owes much to the writings of Nelson Goodman ( see especially Goodman 1977 ), who argued that concrete and abstract entities having no parts, called individuals exist.

The generalization of these three properties to more abstract vector spaces leads to the notion of norm.

Post-structuralists, unlike Structuralists, did not privilege a system of ( abstract ) " relations " over the specifics to which such relations were applied, but tended to see the notion of “ the relation ” or of systemization itself as part-and-parcel of any stated conclusion rather than a reflection of reality as an independent, self-contained state or object.

Plato's notion of the apeiron is more abstract, having to do with indefinite variability.

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the abstract notion of a limit captures the essential properties of universal constructions such as products, pullbacks and inverse limits.

However, it rejected the notion that all meaning comes from signs existing purely in the abstract space of langue.

Despite its ubiquity, the notion of rings is relatively recent ; this may be explained by a feature of modern mathematics that emphasizes the study of abstract structures.

Powerful discussions are claimed to arise from personal connections to an abstract idea ( thought, mental image or notion ) or from a personal value ( an idea that is desirable or worthy for its own sake ).

The notion of language is used as an abstract description of the language use, and of the abilities of individual speakers and listeners.

In general, the objects and arrows may be abstract entities of any kind, and the notion of category provides a fundamental and abstract way to describe mathematical entities and their relationships.

In Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is the abstract notion of " the Absolute " from which the universe takes its origin and at an ultimate level, all assertions of a distinction between Brahman, other gods and creation are meaningless ( monism ).

< li > 指事 zhǐshì: Indicatives, or ideographs, in which the character represents an abstract notion.

( One should keep in mind that in Grassmann's day, the only axiomatic theory was Euclidean geometry, and the general notion of an abstract algebra had yet to be defined.

What is new here is that the above expresses the requirement for associativity without any explicit reference to individual morphisms in the enriched category C — again, these diagrams are for morphisms in hom-category M, and not in C — thus making the concept of associativity of composition meaningful in the general case where the hom-objects C ( a, b ) are abstract, and C itself need not even have any notion of individual morphism.

Through the abstract Kabbalistic notion of reincarnation, while not dwelled on in Hasidism, if the individual did not yet complete the process, then it would be perfected in the long run.

There is also an abstract notion of conjugation for vector spaces over the complex numbers.

This technique employs a function that defines an abstract notion of the distance between the keys and, which is unrelated to geographical distance or network latency.

When asked about this, instead of following this pattern of thinking, the Buddha attacks it at its very root: the notion of a principle in the abstract, superimposed on experience.

When asked about this, instead of following this pattern of thinking, the Buddha attacks it at its very root: the notion of a principle in the abstract, superimposed on experience.

While a more traditional language like C does not support object orientation as fluidly as more recent languages, the notion of, for example, a file, stream, or device driver ( in Unix, each represented as a file descriptor ) can be considered a good example of object orientation: they are, after all, abstract data types, with various methods in the form of system calls, whose behavior varies based on the type of object, whose implementation details are hidden from the caller, and might even use inheritance in their underlying code.

This usually takes about six or seven years, and after that the significant other is no longer needed, the child moves on to a general other which is not a real person, but an abstract notion of what society deems good or bad.

It had been hoped that patient adherence to antipsychotics would be higher with the atypicals, but a 2008 review found that the data have failed to substantiate the notion that novel antipsychotic drug use leads to improved medication compliance and favorable clinical outcomes.

However, the term is applied to multidimensional data as well as to univariate data and in situations where a transformation of the data values for some or all dimensions would usually be considered necessary: in the latter cases, the notion of a " central location " is retained in converting an " average " computed for the transformed data back to the original units.

There are many variants of empiricism, positivism and realism being among the most commonly expounded but central to all empiricist epistemologies is the notion of the epistemologically privileged status of sense data.

Experimental data supports the notion that synaptic plasiticity of the neurons leading to the lateral amygdala occurs with fear conditioning.

It does have a notion of " generator ", which amounts to a function accepting a function as an argument, and, since it is an assembly-level language, code can be used as data, so IPL can be regarded as having higher-order functions.

Again, the weighing of evidence and importance of new data was fit through the human sieve: some scientists found the simplicity of Einstein's equations to be most compelling, while some found them more complicated than the notion of Maxwell's aether which they banished.

These features include a notion of tagging data types, support for non-hierarchical data structures, the option to structure data with indentation, and multiple forms of scalar data quoting.

The notion of Turing-completeness does not apply to languages such as XML, JSON, YAML and S-expressions, because they are typically used to represent structured data, not describe computation.

An observer ’ s notion of what is ordered, what is random, and what is complex in its environment depends directly on its computational resources: the amount of raw measurement data, of memory, and of time available for estimation and inference.

This notion is considered wrong based on distribution of lightning strike data during the dry season throughout India.

One can regard the notion of an object ( from object-oriented programming ) as an attempt to combine abstractions of data and code.

A large amount of data supports this notion.

It is loosely related to the object-oriented notion of a constructor, which creates a new object given arguments, and more closely related to the constructor function of an algebraic data type system.

In packet-switched computer networks and other statistical multiplexing, the notion of a scheduling algorithm is used as an alternative to first-come first-served queuing of data packets.

HPSG draws from other fields such as computer science ( data type theory and knowledge representation ) and uses Ferdinand de Saussure's notion of the sign.

Survey question answer-choices could lead to vague data sets because at times they are relative only to a personal abstract notion concerning " strength of choice ".

The Chinese had a somewhat different series of elements, namely Fire, Earth, Metal, Water and Wood, which were understood as different types of energy in a state of constant interaction and flux with one another, rather than the Western notion of different kinds of material.

This explanation may imply that IQ tests do not necessarily measure a general intelligence factor, especially not Raven's as often argued, but instead may measure different types of intelligence that are developed by different experiences ( this argument is against the notion of an underlying general intelligence, or g factor ).

Lexical semantics is somewhat different from other linguistic types of semantics like phrase semantics, semantics of sentence, and text semantics, as they take the notion of meaning in much broader sense.

It is generally accepted that single weapons system types are much less effective without the support of the full combined arms team ; the pre-World War II notion of " tank fleets " has proven to be as unsound as the World War I idea of unsupported infantry attacks.

" Likewise, certain types of ethical theories, especially deontological ethics, sometimes distinguish between ' ethics ' and ' morals ': " Although the morality of people and their ethics amounts to the same thing, there is a usage that restricts morality to systems such as that of Kant, based on notions such as duty, obligation, and principles of conduct, reserving ethics for the more Aristotelian approach to practical reasoning, based on the notion of a virtue, and generally avoiding the separation of ' moral ' considerations from other practical considerations.

However in expressions that involve terms with other types of factors than constants and powers of variables, the notion of constant term cannot be used in this sense, since that would lead to calling " 4 " the constant term of, whereas substituting 0 for x in this polynomial makes it evaluate to 13. so

Consequently, simply typed lambda calculus extended with record types is perhaps the simplest theoretical setting in which a useful notion of subtyping may be defined and studied.

Subtyping should not be confused with the notion of ( class or object ) inheritance from object-oriented languages ; subtyping is a relation between types ( interfaces in object-oriented parlance ) whereas inheritance is a relation between implementations stemming from a language feature that allows new objects to be created from existing ones.

This notion is supported by a study conducted by Semin and Marsman ( 1994 ), which found that different types of verbs invited different inferences and attributions.

This notion of one ( multiplicity ) culture to an organization leads to the classification of culture along its path of emergence into nascent, adolescent, and mature types, each of which is distinct in terms of the pattern of the three cognitive components and behavior.

The following programming languages have algebraic data types as a first class notion:

Behavioral subtyping is a stronger notion than typical subtyping of functions defined in type theory, which relies only on the contravariance of argument types and covariance of the return type.

BPEL's development came out of the notion that programming in the large and programming in the small required different types of languages.

The seemingly more intuitive notion – that all complete types of the language are realized – turns out to be too weak ( and is, appropriately, named weak saturation, which is the same as 1-saturation ).

* An alternative model starts with the notion that any economy involves a large number of heterogeneous types of inputs, including both fixed capital equipment and labor.

Vianu stressed that Classicist borrowings in Caragiale's writings were limited, indicating that Caragiale parted with the notion of " generic types " to look for the " social " ones.

Even the indirect reference to types implicit in the notion of stratification can be eliminated.

Dependent ML extends ML by a restricted notion of dependent types: types may be dependent on static indices of type Nat.

The weight corresponds to the biological notion of fitness where fitter types propagate more readily.

In contrast, reference types have the notion of referential identity-each instance of a reference type is inherently distinct from every other instance, even if the data within both instances is the same.

An important factor in the woodwork of LPC is the notion that individuals from all types of backgrounds and locations are welcome and encouraged to participate.