Many Structuralists later moved away from the most strict interpretations and applications of " structure ", and are thus called " Post-structuralists ".

Unlike Structuralists, however, the Post-structuralists questioned the division between relation and component and, correspondingly, did not attempt to reduce the subjects of their study to an essential set of relations that could be portrayed with abstract, functional schemes or mathematical symbols ( as in Claude Lévi-Strauss's algebraic formulation of mythological transformation in " The Structural Study of Myth ").

For this reason, most Post-structuralists hold a more open-ended view of function within systems than did Structuralists and were sometimes accused of circularity and ambiguity.

Post-structuralists, in contrast to Structuralists, tend to place a great deal of skepticism on the independence of theoretical premises from collective bias and the influence of power, and reject the notion of a " pure " or " scientific " methodology in social analysis, semiotics or philosophical speculation.

Post-structuralists such as Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida rejected structuralism's insistence on fixed meaning, its privileging of a meta-linguistic standpoint ; but continued all the more to problematize the human subject, favouring the term " the decentered subject " which implies the absence of human agency.

Though many Post-structuralists were referred to as Postmodern in their lifetimes, many explicitly rejected the term.

In this latter respect, Post-structuralists were, as a group, continuing the philosophical project initiated by Martin Heidegger, who saw himself as extending the implications of Friedrich Nietzsche's work.

If anything, if a part of objective reality, theorization and systemization to Post-structuralists was an exponent of larger, more nebulous patterns of control in social orders – patterns that could not be encapsulated in theory without simultaneously conditioning it.

Post-structuralists countered that, when closely examined, all formalized claims describing phenomena, reality, or truth, rely on some form or circular reasoning and self-referential logic that is often paradoxical in nature.

Philosophers commonly referred to as Post-structuralists include Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, Gilles Deleuze ( all of whom began their careers within a Structuralist framework ), Jacques Derrida, Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-François Lyotard, Julia Kristeva, Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray and, sometimes, the American cultural theorists, critics and intellectuals they influenced ( e. g. Judith Butler, Jonathan Crary, John Fiske, Rosalind Krauss, Hayden White ).

Generally, Post-structuralists emphasize the inter-determination and contingency of social and historical phenomena with each other and with the cultural values and biases of perspective.

* Post-structuralists hold that the concept of " self " as a separate, singular, and coherent entity is a fictional construct.

Post-structuralists generally assert that post-structuralism is historical, and they classify structuralism as descriptive.

Constance was a missionary bishopric in newly converted lands, and did not look back on late Roman church history ( unlike the Raetian bishopric of Chur, established 451 ) and Basel, which was an episcopal seat from 740, and which continued the line of Bishops of Augusta Raurica, see Bishop of Basel.

According to David Robinson, unlike in more conventional slapstick comedies, the comic moments in Chaplin's films centred on the Tramp's attitude to the things happening to him: the humour did not come from the Tramp bumping into a tree but from his lifting of his hat to the tree in apology.

The club recorded undefeated regular seasons in 1934 and 1942, but ( unlike the 1972 Dolphins ) did not win the championship game in either season.

Note that unlike Hypatia he did not study ' mathematics, philosophy and astronomy ', thus he and his followers came into conflict with the ancient University of Alexandria which pursued all forms of knowledge including science and human anatomy, politics and history according to the model inaugurated by Alexander the Great, the founder of Alexandria.

The clipper bow on carriers was an American peculiarity, Japanese ships did not feature it and British ships had the similar but differently-shaped " hurricane bow ," whose purpose was, like the clipper bow, to improve hydrodynamic efficiency and, unlike the clipper bow, protect the hangar deck from spray.

Nereus, unlike Kaikō, did not need to be powered or controlled by a cable connected to a ship on the ocean surface.

Messter replied with a series of longer films starring Henny Porten, but although these did well in the German-speaking world, they were not particularly successful internationally, unlike the Asta Nielsen films.

A related issue is the adoption of the Gospel of Mark as a Canonical Gospel, given that, like the hypothetical Q, it is largely reproduced in Matthew and Luke, but, unlike Q, it did not become " lost ".

Matthew agrees with Paul that gentiles did not have to be circumcised in order to enter the church, but unlike Paul ( and like Luke ) he believed that the Law was still in force, which meant that Jews within the church had to keep it.

Before the merger, the employees of the HBC, unlike the North West Company, did not participate in its profits.

But unlike Herodotus, Hecataeus did not record events that had occurred in living memory, nor did he include the oral traditions of Greek history within the larger framework of oriental history.

But, unlike his father, he had only a desultory interest in his profession and did not relish either the practice of law or the company of lawyers.

In spite of this, it seems that “ many poets did not object to and some must have preferred baroque juxtapositions of unlike kennings and neutral or incongruous verbs in their verses ” ( Foote & Wilson ( 1970 ), p. 332 ).

Some individualist anarchists, such as Benjamin Tucker, were influenced by Proudhon's Mutualism, but unlike Proudhon, they did not call for " association " in large enterprises.

One may say that Diophantus was studying rational points — i. e., points whose coordinates are rational — on curves and algebraic varieties ; however, unlike the Greeks of the Classical period, who did what we would now call basic algebra in geometrical terms, Diophantus did what we would now call basic algebraic geometry in purely algebraic terms.

Like the British New Left, they recognized problems in the communism of the Soviet Union, but unlike the British New Left, they did not turn to Trotskyism or social democracy.

However, unlike the cited examples, a number of Oxford's poems did appear in printed miscellanies in his lifetime, and the first poem published under Oxford's name was printed in 1572, 17 years before Puttenham's book was published.

Its list of forty-eight constellations is ancestral to the modern system of constellations, but unlike the modern system they did not cover the whole sky ( only the sky Hipparchus could see ).

However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors ; they were used in news coverage of 2000 election results and ensuing legal battle and caught on in popular usage.

The new U-Bahn station was being built at the same time as the hotel and actually ran through the hotel's basement, cutting it in half, thus making the construction of both into something of a technical challenge, but unlike the Wertheim department store ( and contrary to several sources ), the hotel did not enjoy a separate entrance directly from the station.

However, unlike the Macintosh Portable which was essentially a battery powered desktop in weight and size, the light colors and decorative recessed lines did not seem appropriate for the scaled down designs.

Unlike Poland, Norway was considered " Aryan " in Hitlerian ideology, and unlike Denmark it was further off, nearer Britain, and did not share a land border with any territory under German control.

To be born human is considered a great privilege because unlike other mammals even a person of average intelligence with sufficient effort and proper guidance can walk the path of dharma and become liberated from the cycle of rebirth.

She described the reason she decided to attend the film institute, saying, " I had had the privilege of watching Jaya Bhaduri in a ( Diploma ) film, Suman, and I was completely enchanted by her performance because it was unlike the other performances I had seen.

Nevertheless, unlike anarcho-communists, collectivist anarchists supported a wage system and markets in non-capital goods.

Perhaps because of the Emperor's background as a peasant, the Ming economic system emphasized agriculture, unlike that of the Song and the Mongolian Dynasties, which relied on traders and merchants for revenue.

Note however that working with the current two form itself and the exterior derivative is usually easier than working with the vector field and divergence, because unlike the divergence, the exterior derivative commutes with a change of ( curvilinear ) coordinate system.

The expert system uses a rule base, unlike conventional programs, which means that the volume of knowledge to program is not a major concern.

This is unlike most other P2P networks where node administrators can employ a ratio system, where users have to share a certain amount of content before they can download.

The establishment of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, were to a large degree aided by the fact that, unlike earlier styles which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system, Georgian was also spread through the new medium of inexpensive suites of engravings.

The system is intended primarily for civilian use, unlike the United States system, which the U. S. military runs and uses on a primary basis.

There is no classification point system dictating who can play inline sledge hockey, unlike the situation with other team sports such as wheelchair basketball and wheelchair rugby.

However, in a few unusual and specific domains, such as immune systems, it seems that humans prefer others who are unlike themselves ( e. g., with an orthogonal immune system ), since this will lead to a baby that has the best of both worlds.

Politics of Liberia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic modeled on the government of the United States, whereby the President is the head of state and head of government ; unlike the United States, however, Liberia is a unitary state as opposed to a federation and has a pluriform rather than the two-party system that characterizes US politics.

This study recovered a group of rosids unlike any group found in any previous system of plant classification.

Aneroid gauges are not dependent on the type of gas being measured, unlike thermal and ionization gauges, and are less likely to contaminate the system than hydrostatic gauges.

As such, the system provides some built-in incentives and some degree of micro-level autonomy, unlike the budget allocation system, under which any surplus is turned over to the government in its entirety.

In this system, as in the Parliamentary system, there are both a president and a prime minister ; but unlike the parliamentary system, the president may have significant day-to-day power.

However, unlike classical digital states ( which are discrete ), a two-state quantum system can actually be in a superposition of the two states at any given time.

* ius commune and ius singulare-Ius singulare ( singular law ) is special law for certain groups of people, things, or legal relations ( because of which it is an exception from the general principles of the legal system ), unlike general, ordinary, law ( ius commune ).

The main strand of domain centered research has been the research on color terminology, although this domain according to Lucy and admitted by color terminology researchers such as Paul Kay, is not optimal for studying linguistic relativity, because color perception, unlike other semantic domains, is known to be hard wired into the neural system and as such subject to more universal restrictions than other semantic domains.

On the Apple II, unlike modern computers that use standardized device drivers to manage device communications, the operating system directly controlled the step motor that moves the floppy drive head, and also directly interpreted the raw data called nibbles read from each track to find the data sectors.