Economics should build into its assumptions the notion that people can give credible commitments to a course of conduct.

Perceval, although unfinished, was particularly popular: four separate continuations of the poem appeared over the next half century, with the notion of the Grail and its quest being developed by other writers such as Robert de Boron, a fact that helped accelerate the decline of Arthur in continental romance.

The terminology " salad days ", meaning a " time of youthful inexperience " ( on notion of " green "), is first recorded by Shakespeare in 1606, while the use of salad bar first appeared in American English in 1976.

As Miller points out, " underpinning the notion of a ' Shakespearean bad quarto ' is the assumption that the motive of whoever compiled that text was to produce, differentially, a verbal replica of what appeared on stage ," and both Kirschbaum and Miller argue that A Shrew does not fulfil this rubric.

The notion of gender identity appeared in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in its third edition, DSM-III ( 1980 ), in the form of two psychiatric diagnoses of gender dysphoria: gender identity disorder of childhood ( GIDC ), and transsexualism ( for adolescents and adults ).

Women's rights was another serious subject that appeared with some regularity in antebellum minstrelsy, almost always to ridicule the notion.

Between 1689 and 1721-the end of the Great Northern War which had begun in 1700-the notion a " European " fashion evolved, reflected by a mass of title pages in which Europe appeared as the central word.

He hosted Saturday Night Live in 1983 and appeared as himself in an episode of Saved by the Bell, where, very tongue-in-cheek, he shortly entertains the notion of a " show about a high school principal and his kids ," before scoffing at the idea.

The exuberant " Je chante " gave rise to the notion of Trenet as a " singing vagabond ", a theme that appeared in a number of his early songs and films.

When fleets of such locomotives appeared in the middle 1920s the trade press naturally called them " Simple Mallets " — i. e., simple locomotives articulated like Mallets — but eventually the notion spread that this was somehow incorrect.

The term sedition in its modern meaning first appeared in the Elizabethan Era ( c. 1590 ) as the " notion of inciting by words or writings disaffection towards the state or constituted authority ".

For some time Tolkien considered the Eagles as bird-shaped Maiar ; however, later he realised that the statement about Gwaihir and Landroval's descent from Thorondor had already appeared in print in The Lord of the Rings, while the notion of the " Children " of the Valar and Maiar had been rejected by him long before.

The notion of a " Tin Man " has deep roots in European and American history, according to Green ( 2006 ), and often appeared in cartoons of the 1880s and 1890s.

( Strictly speaking this result only appeared a few years after Gödel's theorem, because at the time the notion of an algorithm had not been precisely defined.

The Evolutionary theorized that there was more than one Ego ( a notion supported by the apparently erratic behavior of the believed-to-be unique living planet over the years, the various origin stories known about it, and by the fact that an Ego appeared after this one was destroyed by its " parent ") and that they might all stem from the " Super-Ego ".

When they reached the HQ of General Peko Dapčević, his chief of staff, who had only a vague notion of the geography of the city, took Maclean and Vivian Street out for a tour, through heavy shelling that he appeared oblivious to.

The notion of valency first appeared as a comprehensive concept in Tesnière's posthumously published book ( 1959 ) Éléments de syntaxe structurale ( Elements of structural syntax ).

Also, the notion of the absence ( ghayba ) of an imam who is due to return and establish justice as mahdi seem to have appeared first among the ghulāt.

The notion of Nick Slaughter being a widely-received hero in Serbia probably began in the Belgrade suburb of Žarkovo where, now-legendary, graffiti " Sloteru Niče, Žarkovo ti kliče " (" Nick Slaughter, Žarkovo hails you ", which rhymes in Serbian ) appeared.

As a notion predating the scientific concept of the same name, the fluxon, which first appeared in the methodology of philosopher M. A.

Skeat “… in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices " and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then “… must have spread rapidly to the Near East …” In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat ’ s notion when stating “… its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory ” and that “ early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt .” Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent ( Cicero Fam.

Until recently, the Preclassic was regarded as a formative period, consisting of small villages of farmers who lived in huts and few permanent buildings, but this notion has been challenged by recent discoveries of monumental architecture from that period, such as an altar in La Blanca, San Marcos, from 1000 BC ; ceremonial sites at Miraflores and El Naranjo from 801 BC ; the earliest monumental masks ; and the Mirador Basin cities of Nakbé, Xulnal, El Tintal, Wakná and El Mirador.

Nazi racial policies, including the notion that people who were racially inferior had no right to live, date back to the earliest days of the party ; Hitler discusses this in Mein Kampf.

In this context, the earliest meaning of the word " messianic " is derived from notion of Yemot HaMashiach meaning " the days of the Messiah ", meaning " related to the Jewish Messiah ".

Thus, for example, around 60 manuscripts are extant containing Welsh-language versions of the Historia, the earliest of which were created in the 13th century ; the old notion that some of these Welsh versions actually underlie Geoffrey's Historia, advanced by antiquarians such as the 18th-century Lewis Morris, has long since been discounted in academic circles.

Coubertin's earliest reference to the modern notion of Olympic Games criticises the idea.

Cyrus Scofield, in his Notes on the Bible, following dispensationalist thought, suggests that the Seven Letters in Revelation foretell the various eras of Christian history, and that " Nicolaitans " " refers to the earliest form of the notion of a priestly order, or ' clergy ,' which later divided an equal brotherhood into ' priests ' and ' laity.

Already in the earliest Vedic texts, Ṛta as an ethical principle is linked with the notion of cosmic retribution.

The 19th century notion that they depict dancers is now largely discredited, and these monuments, dating to the earliest period of occupation at the site ( Monte Albán I ), are now seen to clearly represent tortured, sacrificed war prisoners, some identified by name, and may depict leaders of competing centers and villages captured by Monte Albán ( Marcus and Flannery 1996 ; Blanton et al.

However, later mirror test research indicates that while toddlers are usually fascinated by mirrors, they do not recognize themselves in mirrors until the age of 15 months at the earliest, leading psychiatrist Norman N. Holland to declare that " there is no evidence whatsoever for Lacan's notion of a mirror stage.

In its earliest appearance in Greek, this notion of excellence was ultimately bound up with the notion of the fulfillment of purpose or function: the act of living up to one's full potential.

« From the earliest books an attentive reader can form a clear notion about this high morale and lifelike Teaching.

The notion of dependencies between grammatical units has existed since the earliest recorded grammars, e. g. Pāṇini, and the dependency concept therefore arguably predates the constituency notion by many centuries.

In 830, he seems to have introduced the notion of " shadow ," umbra ( versa ), equivalent to our tangent in trigonometry, and he compiled a table of such shadows which seems to be the earliest of its kind.

One of his earliest publications, with John McCarthy, was the first thorough statement of the basis for the AI field of logical knowledge representation, introducing the notion of situation calculus, representation and reasoning about time, fluents, and the use of logic for representing knowledge in a computer.

Two works by Mauss in particular proved to have enduring relevance: Essay on the Gift, a seminal analysis of exchange and reciprocity, and his Huxley lecture on the notion of the person, the first comparative study of notions of person and selfhood cross-culturally.

Michelangelo and Raphael were also vital figures in this movement, producing works regarded for centuries as embodying the classical notion of perfection.

Specifically, in one of his last works, De scientia divina, he concludes that the idea of plurality itself is strictly temporal, a human notion.

Some consider literary theory merely an aesthetic concern, as articulated, for example, in Joseph Addison's notion of a critic as one who helps understand and interpret literary works: " A true critic ought to dwell rather upon excellences than imperfections, to discover the concealed beauties of a writer, and communicate to the world such things as are worth their observation.

) The notion of mountain-habiting draug is present in the poetic works of Henrik Ibsen ( Peer Gynt ), and Aasmund Olavsson Vinje.

Much encyclopaedism of the French Renaissance was based upon the notion of not including every fact known to humans, but only that knowledge that was necessary, where necessity was judged by a wide variety of criteria, leading to works of greatly varying sizes.

Thus three major themes in 19th century mathematics were combined by Lie in creating his new theory: the idea of symmetry, as exemplified by Galois through the algebraic notion of a group ; geometric theory and the explicit solutions of differential equations of mechanics, worked out by Poisson and Jacobi ; and the new understanding of geometry that emerged in the works of Plücker, Möbius, Grassmann and others, and culminated in Riemann's revolutionary vision of the subject.

Since neither Sapir nor Whorf had ever stated an actual hypothesis, Brown and Lenneberg formulated one based on a condensation of the different expressions of the notion of linguistic relativity in their works.

Plotinus offers an alternative to the orthodox Christian notion of creation ex nihilo ( out of nothing ), which attributes to God the deliberation of mind and action of a will, although Plotinus never mentions Christianity in any of his works.

In 2002, an article in the Washington Post said: " Plenty of people have had fun with the famous notion that an infinite number of monkeys with an infinite number of typewriters and an infinite amount of time could eventually write the works of Shakespeare.

Due to this notion, even today it is hard to trace the authorship of many earlier literary works from India.

The fragments extant, moreover, do not always enable us to form a clear notion of the works to which they once belonged.

While this precise terminology —" by faith alone "— does not appear in English Bible translations other than in where it has been claimed that the author seems to reject the notion that a person is justified by God solely on account of faith, other Catholic authorities also used " alone " in their translation of Romans 3: 28 or exegesis of salvation by faith passages, and it is claimed to summarize the teaching of the New Testament, and especially the Pauline epistles such as, which systematically reject the proposition that justification before God is obtained due to the merit of one's obedience to the Law of Moses ( see also Biblical law in Christianity ), or Abraham's circumcision and works.

" Zen works across both divisions of inside " me " and outside " me ", with meditation practice unravelling the very notion of binary oppositions, which ultimately are seen as the source of any " problem " of solipsism.

This notion, akin to Bradbury's " The Pedestrian ", is also alluded to in " Number 12 Looks Just Like You ", in which a perfect and equal world contradictorily considers works like those of Shakespeare " smut ".

Both of these notable works lent great initial support for the notion that leadership is rooted in characteristics of the leader.

Visually, these works relate to many concerns of the period: a perceived need for audience participation ( this relates them to the Happenings, for which the period is famous ), challenges to the notion of the mind-body duality which led some people to experiment with hallucinogenic drugs ( see Aldous Huxley's writings ); concerns with a tension between a scientific future which might be very beneficial or might lead to a nuclear war ; and fears about the loss of genuine individual experience in a Brave New World.

What gives notion to it all ... is the chronology of her days and weeks, works and dreams, the rhythm she created in her life.

The common theme to his first and last political works is the notion of a national policy ( Kokutai ), through which Japan would lead a united and free Asia ( see pan-Asianism ).

Good works are something the believers should undertake out of gratitude towards their Savior ; but they are not necessary for salvation and cannot earn anyone salvation ; there is no room for the notion of " merit " in Luther's doctrine of redemption.

His account of the notion of external existence, as it derived not from pure sensation, but from the experience of action on the one hand and resistance on the other, stands in this light to be compared with the works of Alexander Bain and later psychologists.

In this and other works he argues for a reciprocal notion of human need and identity, emphasizing humanity's interdependence in lieu of atomized individuality.

It is seen by some as the opposite of the notion that obedience to a code of religious law earns salvation: legalism or works righteousness.

In addition to The Tale of the Heike and Chronicle of Yoshitsune ( Gikeiki ), which relates events of Yoshitsune's life after the defeat of the Heike, a great many other works of literature and drama feature him, and together form the sekai (" world ") of Yoshitsune, a concept akin to the notion of the literary cycle.

As a homotopy theory, the notion of covering spaces works well when the deck transformation group is discrete, or, equivalently, when the space is locally path-connected.