The notion of a weak form of a disease causing immunity to the virulent version was not new ; this had been known for a long time for smallpox.

The notion of " weak " and " strong " versions of Whorf's principle of linguistic relativity is a misunderstanding of Whorf promulgated by Stuart Chase, whom Whorf considered " utterly incompetent by training and background to handle such a subject.

While Sapir never made a point of studying directly how languages affected the thought processes of their speakers, some notion of ( probably " weak ") linguistic relativity lay inherent in his basic understanding of language, and would be taken up by his student Benjamin Lee Whorf.

The usage of the notion " emergence " may generally be subdivided into two perspectives, that of " weak emergence " and " strong emergence ".

But this method was considered too weak by Alexander Shen who showed that there is a Kolmogorov-Loveland stochastic sequence which does not conform to the general notion of randomness.

The German neoliberals accepted the classical liberal notion that competition drives economic prosperity, but they argued that a laissez-faire state policy stifles competition as the strong devour the weak since monopolies and cartels could pose a threat to freedom of competition.

" He added that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was also used by conservative politicians, judges, and publicists to justify the idea of a " natural order of things " as well as " the notion that progress resulted from the elimination of the weak and the ' survival of the fittest.

When the gravity field becomes very weak ( the masses are too small or too distant from the point of interest ), the notion of being horizontal loses its meaning.

A useful notion is a " weak ( m, n, k ) game ", where k-in-a-row by the second player does not end the game with a second player win.

For example if the state transition system includes a notion of silent ( or internal ) action, often denoted with, i. e. actions which are not visible by external observers, then bisimulation can be relaxed to be weak bisimulation, in which if two states and are bisimilar and there is some number of internal actions leading from to some state then there must exist state such that there is some number ( possibly zero ) of internal actions leading from to.

Marxists would argue that culturalists are too idealistic in their notion of the social construction of reality and too weak in their analysis of external ( i. e. material ) constraints on individuals that affect their livelihood choices.

The seemingly more intuitive notion – that all complete types of the language are realized – turns out to be too weak ( and is, appropriately, named weak saturation, which is the same as 1-saturation ).

This is the same notion as a weak derivative, however, a function can have a weak derivative and not be differentiable.

To that end he deplores the evidence adduced in support of this notion as " highly speculative and statistically weak " at best.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

Some philosophers maintain that a possibility stronger than logical possibility is required and that, while a zombie world is logically possible, such a weak notion is not relevant in the analysis of a metaphysical thesis such as physicalism.

According to Caputo, the distinctive reinterpretive act of weak theology has resulted in the notion of the weakness of God.

Pati has made pioneering contributions to the notion of a unification of elementary particles – quarks and leptons – and of their gauge forces force: weak, electromagnetic, and strong.

The notion of cadent houses as weak and ineffective also persists in medieval and Renaissance astrologers such as Guido Bonatti and William Lilly, who labeled cadent houses " poor and of little efficacy.

The popular notion that erosion is responsible for destroying mountains is only half correct-viscous flow of weak lower mantle also reduces relief with time, especially once the collision is complete and the two continents are completely sutured.

Here the notion of convergence corresponds to the norm on L < sup > 2 </ sup >.

For given test functions, the relevant notion of convergence only corresponds to the topology used in C.

The elements of topological vector spaces are typically functions or linear operators acting on topological vector spaces, and the topology is often defined so as to capture a particular notion of convergence of sequences of functions.

While the above discussion has related to the convergence of a single series to a limiting value, the notion of the convergence of two series towards each other is also important, but this is easily handled by studying the sequence defined as either the difference or the ratio of the two series.

For that, one needs a notion of convergence in R < sup > N </ sup >, in other words one must introduce a topology on R < sup > N </ sup >.

So it is natural to hope that a suitable notion of convergence in arbitrary spaces will lead to a compactness criterion generalizing sequential compactness in metrizable spaces that will be as easily applied to deduce the compactness of products.

4 ) Similarly, the Moore – Smith theory of convergence via nets, as supplemented by Kelley's notion of a universal net, leads to the criterion that a space is compact if and only if each universal net on the space converges.

But he did not formalize his notion of convergence.

In mathematics, Gromov – Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence.

The Gromov – Hausdorff distance turns the set of all isometry classes of compact metric spaces into a metric space, and it therefore defines a notion of convergence for sequences of compact metric spaces, called Gromov – Hausdorff convergence.

The notion of Gromov – Hausdorff convergence was first used by Gromov to prove that

In general topology and analysis, a Cauchy space is a generalization of metric spaces and uniform spaces for which the notion of Cauchy convergence still makes sense.

In a move thought to be an embrace of the " convergence " of newspaper, radio, television and the Internet, NAC is planning to change its name to " Media One ," thereby ridding itself of the notion that it is solely dedicated to the production of only newspapers.

This definition demonstrates that convergence of filters can be viewed as a fundamental topological notion.

As for filters, this definition shows that convergence of nets can be viewed as a fundamental topological notion.

It is an extension of the notion of convergence for series of countable many elements to series of arbitrary many.

Other, more explicit scenarios help to convey the notion of the beauty contest as a convergence to Nash Equilibrium.

The Hausdorff dimension defines the size notion of dimension, which requires a notion of radius, or metric.

Describing it as " cheap, grubby and out of control ", Mark Olsen of the Los Angeles Times declared that it " both defines and entirely supersedes the very notion of the exploitation picture ".

He also defines and defends a lesser notion of the " almightiness " of God.

The pragmatist Charles S. Peirce defines the broad notion of an object as anything that we can think or talk about.

They believe the definition of r is invalid because there is no well-defined notion of when an English phrase defines a real number, and so there is no unambiguous way to construct the sequence r < sub > n </ sub >.

Universal algebra defines a notion of kernel for homomorphisms between two algebraic structures of the same kind.

In his Introduction to An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke defines idea as " that term which, I think, serves best to stand for whatsoever is the object of the understanding when a man thinks, I have used it to express whatever is meant by phantasm, notion, species, or whatever it is which the mind can be employed about in thinking ; and I could not avoid frequently using it.

Anguish is also associated with Sartre's notion of despair, which he defines as optimistic reliance on a set of possibilities that make action possible.

This technique employs a function that defines an abstract notion of the distance between the keys and, which is unrelated to geographical distance or network latency.

With William Empson's notion of placing the complex into the simple, Alpers thus critically defines pastoral as a means of allegory.

Unlike related forms of micro-history, such as corporate histories or local studies, family history research begins with only an approximate notion of the extent of the entity-the extended family-and never fully defines it, since the early origins of all families become invisible in prehistorical times.

Information theory, developed by Claude E. Shannon during World War II, defines the notion of channel capacity and provides a mathematical model by which one can compute it.

Given a set S of matrices, each of which is diagonalizable, and any two of which commute, it is always possible to simultaneously diagonalize all of the elements of S. Equivalently, for any set S of mutually commuting semisimple linear transformations of a finite-dimensional vector space V there exists a basis of V consisting of simultaneous eigenvectors of all elements of S. Each of these common eigenvectors v ∈ V, defines a linear functional on the subalgebra U of End ( V ) generated by the set of endomorphisms S ; this functional is defined as the map which associates to each element of U its eigenvalue on the eigenvector v. This " generalized eigenvalue " is a prototype for the notion of a weight.

If we want to ignore the physics inside the conductor and only describe the physics in the outside region, it becomes natural to mathematically describe the quantum electron by a section in a complex line bundle with an " external " connection rather than an external EM field ( by incorporating local gauge transformations we have already acknowledged that quantum mechanics defines the notion of a ( locally ) flat wavefunction ( zero momentum density ) but not that of unit wavefunction ).

Liskov's notion of a behavioral subtype defines a notion of substitutability for mutable objects ; that is, if S is a subtype of T, then objects of type T in a program may be replaced with objects of type S without altering any of the desirable properties of that program ( e. g., correctness ).

Firstly, one defines the notion of the compositum of fields.

In mathematics, a connection on a fiber bundle is a device that defines a notion of parallel transport on the bundle ; that is, a way to " connect " or identify fibers over nearby points.

A connection ∇ on a vector bundle E → M defines a notion of parallel transport on E along a curve in M. Let γ: → M be a smooth path in M. A section σ of E along γ is said to be parallel if

University of Notre Dame professor John McGreevy defines it as " the notion that national customs might trump Roman ( Catholic Church ) regulations.

In mathematics, a connection is a device that defines a notion of parallel transport on the bundle ; that is, a way to " connect " or identify fibers over nearby points.

) As mentioned in the introduction, there are several ways to make this precise: one uses the fact that an affine connection defines a notion of parallel transport of vector fields along a curve.

The notion of a single room that can be freely used or zoned in any way, with flexibility to accommodate changing uses, free of interior supports, enclosed in glass and supported by a minimum of structural framing located at the exterior, is the architectural ideal that defines Mies ' American career.