The notion of a weak form of a disease causing immunity to the virulent version was not new ; this had been known for a long time for smallpox.

While Sapir never made a point of studying directly how languages affected the thought processes of their speakers, some notion of ( probably " weak ") linguistic relativity lay inherent in his basic understanding of language, and would be taken up by his student Benjamin Lee Whorf.

The usage of the notion " emergence " may generally be subdivided into two perspectives, that of " weak emergence " and " strong emergence ".

But this method was considered too weak by Alexander Shen who showed that there is a Kolmogorov-Loveland stochastic sequence which does not conform to the general notion of randomness.

The German neoliberals accepted the classical liberal notion that competition drives economic prosperity, but they argued that a laissez-faire state policy stifles competition as the strong devour the weak since monopolies and cartels could pose a threat to freedom of competition.

" He added that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was also used by conservative politicians, judges, and publicists to justify the idea of a " natural order of things " as well as " the notion that progress resulted from the elimination of the weak and the ' survival of the fittest.

When the gravity field becomes very weak ( the masses are too small or too distant from the point of interest ), the notion of being horizontal loses its meaning.

A useful notion is a " weak ( m, n, k ) game ", where k-in-a-row by the second player does not end the game with a second player win.

For example if the state transition system includes a notion of silent ( or internal ) action, often denoted with, i. e. actions which are not visible by external observers, then bisimulation can be relaxed to be weak bisimulation, in which if two states and are bisimilar and there is some number of internal actions leading from to some state then there must exist state such that there is some number ( possibly zero ) of internal actions leading from to.

Marxists would argue that culturalists are too idealistic in their notion of the social construction of reality and too weak in their analysis of external ( i. e. material ) constraints on individuals that affect their livelihood choices.

The seemingly more intuitive notion – that all complete types of the language are realized – turns out to be too weak ( and is, appropriately, named weak saturation, which is the same as 1-saturation ).

This is the same notion as a weak derivative, however, a function can have a weak derivative and not be differentiable.

To that end he deplores the evidence adduced in support of this notion as " highly speculative and statistically weak " at best.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

* G. Japaridze, A generalized notion of weak interpretability and the corresponding logic.

Some philosophers maintain that a possibility stronger than logical possibility is required and that, while a zombie world is logically possible, such a weak notion is not relevant in the analysis of a metaphysical thesis such as physicalism.

According to Caputo, the distinctive reinterpretive act of weak theology has resulted in the notion of the weakness of God.

Pati has made pioneering contributions to the notion of a unification of elementary particles – quarks and leptons – and of their gauge forces force: weak, electromagnetic, and strong.

The notion of cadent houses as weak and ineffective also persists in medieval and Renaissance astrologers such as Guido Bonatti and William Lilly, who labeled cadent houses " poor and of little efficacy.

The popular notion that erosion is responsible for destroying mountains is only half correct-viscous flow of weak lower mantle also reduces relief with time, especially once the collision is complete and the two continents are completely sutured.

The reinterpretation presenting him as an īśvara shows a strong influence of Śaivism, as the term īśvara was usually connected to the Hindu notion of Śiva as a creator god and ruler of the world.

Generally, these causes gave rise to a strong notion in the business community that the old keiretsu system was not an effective business model, and led to an overall loosening of keiretsu alliances.

The notion that a tin foil hat can significantly reduce the intensity of incident radio frequency radiation on the wearer's brain has some scientific validity, as the effect of strong radio waves has been documented for quite some time.

A strong believer in the notion of rule by divine right, England's Charles I persecuted religious dissenters.

However, unlike some other hard-boiled detectives who have a strong sense of idealism underneath the cynical shell, Hammett never provides a clear statement of Spade's notion of morality.

A strong suggestion of this notion is the etymology of the name of the city itself, which matched that of the pyramid of Pepi I of the 6th dynasty.

Despite strong evidence for the effectiveness of the jigsaw classroom, the strategy was not widely used ( arguably because of strong attitudes existing outside of the schools, which still resisted the notion that racial and ethnic minority groups are equal to Whites and, similarly, should be integrated into schools ).

Sowell takes strong issue with the notion of government as a helper or savior of minorities, arguing that the historical record shows quite the opposite.

Mainstream psychiatric and psychological professional associations now harbor strong skepticism towards the notion of recovered memories of trauma.

When the edges of a hypergraph are explicitly labeled, one has the additional notion of strong isomorphism.

This notion has a strong connection with Lyapunov stability, where the storage functions may play, under certain conditions of controllability and observability of the dynamical system, the role of Lyapunov functions.

Although local homeomorphisms are not as strong as covering maps in this respect, they have many important applications in differential topology ; namely one uses the notion of a local homeomorphism to define a differentiable manifold.

Again motivated by Mostow's strong rigidity theorem, Yau called for a notion of rank for general manifolds extending the one for locally symmetric spaces, and asked for rigidity properties for higher rank metrics.

" While criticizing Hayek, Tullock still praises the classical liberal notion of economic freedom, saying, " Arguments for political freedom are strong, as are the arguments for economic freedom.

In his later years, he resisted the notion that the glyphs have a strong phonetic component, as put forward by Russian linguist Yuri Knorozov.

These scientists made three claims about race: first, that races are objective, naturally occurring divisions of humanity ; second, that there is a strong relationship between biological races and other human phenomena ( such as forms of activity and interpersonal relations and culture, and by extension the relative material success of cultures ), thus biologizing the notion of " race ", as Foucault demonstrated in his historical analysis ; third, that race is therefore a valid scientific category that can be used to explain and predict individual and group behavior.

Although there was a strong notion of race as cultural instead of biological, there were still scientists such as Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt, Stanley Marion Garn, and Jan Czekanowski who continued in their taxonomic endeavor to count the number of races and to name them.

It does provide for a strong degree of unlinkability, the notion that an eavesdropper cannot easily determine both the sender and receiver of a given message.

Although much like the gods, these figures were not always depicted without considerable moral ambiguity: “ On this account, the other traditional notion of the daemon as related to the souls of the dead is elided in favour of a spatial scenario which evidently also graduated in moral terms ; though says nothing of that here, it is a necessary inference from her account, just as Eros is midway between deficiency and plenitude … Indeed, Xencrates … explicitly understood daemones as ranged along a scale from good to bad … speaks of ‘ great and strong beings in the atmosphere, malevolent and morose, who rejoice in days, religious festivals involving violence against the self, etc., and after gaining them as their lot, they turn to nothing worse .’… The use of such malign daemones by human beings seems not to be even remotely imagined here:

In 1693 South intervened anonymously in the Socinian controversy, with strong animus against Sherlock, his Animadversions on Sherlock's Animadversions on Dr Sherlock's Book, entitled a Vindication of the Holy and Ever Blessed Trinity ( 1690 ) being ‘ humbly offered to his admirers, and to himself the chief of them .’ He made galling references to Sherlock's career, ‘ tainted with a conventicle ’ at the outset ; vehemently assailed his earlier writings as heterodox on the doctrine of atonement, and maintained his ‘ new notion ’ of the Trinity to be tritheistic ; an opinion reiterated in his ' Tritheism Charged upon Dr Sherlock's New Notion of the Trinity, and the Charge Made Good ( 1695 ).

The BX diesel was already a strong seller, but the Turbo model brought new levels of refinement and performance to the diesel market, which brought an end to the common notion that diesel cars were slow and noisy.