André Malraux explains that the notion of beauty was connected to a particular conception of art that arose with the Renaissance and was still dominant in the eighteenth century ( but was supplanted later ).

Theodor Adorno claimed in 1969 “ It is self-evident that nothing concerning art is self-evident .” Artists, philosophers, anthropologists, psychologists and programmers all use the notion of art in their respective fields, and give it operational definitions that vary considerably.

Plato ( 427-347 BC ) famously outlined the differences between true and false rhetoric in a number of dialogues ; particularly the Gorgias and Phaedrus wherein Plato disputes the sophistic notion that the art of persuasion ( the sophists ' art which he calls " rhetoric "), can exist independent of the art of dialectic.

The notion that Cubism formed an important link between early-twentieth-century art and architecture is widely accepted.

His favourite pursuit was the art of war and, in this, he conformed to the medieval notion of good kingship.

In this cultural diversity, the art of logic developed, and with it the notion of democracy.

At the time, the opposing Victorian notion reigned, namely, that art, and indeed much human activity, had a moral or social function.

With art by Adam Kubert, the design of Kryptonian society is distinct yet again from Birthright, incorporating elements of both pre-Crisis on Infinite Earths continuity and Donner's work on the first two Christopher Reeve films, in particular the notion of Krypton's Council threatening Jor-El with harsh punishment were he to make public his predictions of their planet's imminent doom.

In the long run, the vast output of popular fiction could no longer be ignored, and literary critics — gradually, carefully and tentatively — started questioning and assessing the complete notion of the perceived gap between " high art " ( or " serious literature ") and " popular art " ( in America often referred to as " pulp fiction ", often verging on " smut and filth ").

: The notion of one art for the ' cultural ,' i. e., the favored few in any given society and of another subart for the ' uncultured ,' i. e., an excluded majority as deficient in Gutenberg skills as they are untutored in ' taste ,' in fact represents the last survival in mass industrial societies ( capitalist, socialist, communist — it makes no difference in this regard ) of an invidious distinction proper only to a class-structured community.

Also contributing to the randomness of events was the integration of audience members into the performances, realizing Duchamp's notion of the viewer completing the art work.

Forbes and Street also point out that, along with other festivals such as Venice and Berlin, Cannes offers an opportunity to determine a particular country's image of its cinema and generally foster the notion that European cinema is " art " cinema.

As a secular, non-sectarian, universal notion of art arose in 19th century Western Europe, ancient and Medieval Christian art began to be collected for art appreciation rather than worship, while contemporary Christian art was considered marginal.

Tony Godfrey, author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ), asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art, a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal, early manifesto of conceptual art, " Art after Philosophy " ( 1969 ).

This is the notion that particular cultures should not be judged by one culture's values or viewpoints, but that all cultures should be viewed as relative to each other.

Literary critics Barthes and Foucault suggest that readers should not rely on or look for the notion of one overarching voice when interpreting a written work, because of the complications inherent with a writer's title of " author.

He argues that this casts doubt on the notion that recessions are caused by a reallocation of resources from industrial production to consumption, since he argues that the Austrian business cycle theory implies that net investment should be below zero during recessions.

The widely accepted notion that the security of the system should depend on the key alone has been explicitly formulated by Auguste Kerckhoffs ( in the 1880s ) and Claude Shannon ( in the 1940s ); the statements are known as Kerckhoffs ' principle and Shannon's Maxim respectively.

Thus, Judaism rejects the notion that anyone can or should die for anyone else's sin.

The boldest, most radical notion in the book is [...] the belief that the individual can and should proceed toward truth by means of his own powers of perception and reasoning ; and that he can in this way discover truths previously unknown.

Mussolini wrote approvingly of the notion that profits should not be taken away from those who produced them by their own labour, saying " I do not respect — I even hate — those men that leech a tenth of the riches produced by others ".

Rather than invite such skepticism, Fichte made the radical suggestion that we should throw out the notion of a noumenal world and instead accept the fact that consciousness does not have a grounding in a so-called " real world ".

The success of the De Leonist plan depends on achieving majority support among the people both in the workplaces and at the polls, in contrast to the Leninist notion that a small vanguard party should lead the working class to carry out the revolution.

Larwood was furious at the notion, pointing out that he had been following orders from his upper-class captain, and that was where any blame should lie.

The Lebesgue measure is often denoted dx, but this should not be confused with the distinct notion of a volume form.

The concept originates at least by the 6th century BC, when it was advocated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius, who " invented the notion that those who govern should do so because of merit, not of inherited status.

The notion that philosophy, especially ontology and the philosophy of mathematics should abstain from set theory owes much to the writings of Nelson Goodman ( see especially Goodman 1977 ), who argued that concrete and abstract entities having no parts, called individuals exist.

However the notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source.

Netscape's initial corporate policy regarding Navigator is interesting, as it claimed that it would make Navigator freely available for non-commercial use in accordance with the notion that Internet software should be distributed for free.

And it should be noted that if R is not commutative, there is no ( well behaved ) notion of polynomial function at all.

The basic notion is that all experimental results should be reproducible, and able to be verified by other individuals.

Some argue that panentheism should also include the notion that God has always been related to some world or another, which denies the idea of creation out of nothing ( creatio ex nihilo ).

Indeed, this integral is strongly suggestive of the notion that the ' density ' of primes around t should be 1 / lnt.

As a result, a number of political, military, and religious leaders during the Renaissance were inculcated with the notion that their pursuit of personal fulfillment should be grounded in classical example and philosophical contemplation.

Polybius held that historians should only chronicle events whose participants the historian was able to interview, and was among the first to champion the notion of having factual integrity in historical writing, while avoiding bias.

This notion was an underpinning for his concept of the spiral curriculum which posited the idea that a curriculum should revisit basic ideas, building on them until the student had grasped the full formal concept.

" His concept embodied the basic tenets of Renaissance humanism, which considered humans empowered and limitless in their capacities for development, and it led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible.

The following textual evidence for first-day assembly is usually combined with the notion that the rest day should follow the assembly day to support first-day Sabbatarianism.

IQ tests only examine particular areas embodied by the broadest notion of " intelligence ", failing to account for certain areas which are also associated with " intelligence " such as creativity or emotional intelligence.

Criticism from a variety of fronts has challenged the notion that academic study can examine memes empirically.

This article will examine the major philosophical techniques associated with the notion of analysis, as well as examine the controversies surrounding it.

One work which does employ Bourdieu ’ s work in an enlightening way is that of Emirbayer & Williams ( 2005 ) who use Bourdieu ’ s notion of fields and capital to examine the power relations in the field of social services, particularly homeless shelters.

The nineteenth-century notion of a liberal citizen-participating democracy is obviously not a satisfactory model by which to examine the processes of decision-making in either the economic or the political contexts ...

Gardner acknowledges that " among older scientists ... one may occasionally meet with irrational prejudice against a new point of view ", but adds that " a certain degree of dogma ... is both necessary and desirable " because otherwise " science would be reduced to shambles by having to examine every new-fangled notion that came along.