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The oldest extant manuscripts of the Masoretic Text date from approximately the 9th century CE, and the Aleppo Codex ( once the oldest complete copy of the Masoretic Text, but now missing its Torah section ) dates from the 10th century. The Nash Papyrus ( 2nd century BCE ) contains a portion of a pre-Masoretic Text, specifically the Ten Commandments and the Shema Yisrael prayer.
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oldest and extant
Gervase and Protase — and is one of the oldest extant bodies of historical personages known outside Egypt.
They argue that the oldest copies of this text family are likely to have been lost or destroyed over time with use, and therefore extant manuscripts cannot accurately date a text family.
The oldest extant clade is thought to be the archigregarines.
The oldest extant Chinese star chart dates to the Tang period and was preserved as part of the Dunhuang Manuscripts.
By far the longest canal was the Grand Canal of China, still the longest canal in the world today, and the oldest extant one.
The oldest extant Chinese maps come from the State of Qin, dated back to the 4th century BC, during the Warring States Period.
In 1492, Martin Behaim, a German cartographer, made the oldest extant globe of the Earth.
Renamed the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1921, it remains the oldest extant women's peace organization.
* Felpham & Middleton Country Dance Club has written a history from 1933 – 1994, just about one of the oldest extant English Country Dance clubs in England.
Both are extremely old, going back at least to the third century, and are the oldest extant liturgies continually in use.
He was the subject of the oldest extant Spanish epic poem Cantar de Mio Cid.
In the West, grammar emerged as a discipline in Hellenism from the 3rd c. BC forward with authors like Rhyanus and Aristarchus of Samothrace, the oldest extant work being the Art of Grammar (), attributed to Dionysius Thrax ( ca.
The oldest extant reference to Sextus is by Origen in the third century of the common era.
As is common with ancient texts, however, there are no surviving extant manuscripts of Josephus ' works that can be dated before the 11th century, and the oldest of these are all Greek minuscules, copied by Christian monks.
The oldest extant micronation to arise in modern times is the Kingdom of Redonda, founded in 1865 in the Caribbean.
While the etymology is Greek, the oldest extant record of the word itself is the New Latin form ontologia, which appeared in 1606, in the work Ogdoas Scholastica by Jacob Lorhard ( Lorhardus ) and in 1613 in the Lexicon philosophicum by Rudolf Göckel ( Goclenius ); see classical compounds for this type of word formation.
The poem is fundamental to the modern Western canon, and is the second oldest extant work of Western literature, the Iliad being the first.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle otherwise proves significant to study of the era, preserving a chronology of early English history, while the poem Cædmon's Hymn from the 7th century survives as the oldest extant work of literature in English.
Shown here in positive form, this is the oldest known extant photographic negative made in a camera.
His diplomatic position was such that his name is still on the oldest extant piece of English statute law, the Statute of Marlborough of 1267, where the formal title mentions as a witness " the Lord Ottobon, at that time legate in England ".
The oldest extant document written in Romanian is Neacșu's letter ( 1521 ).
In Hinduism, the holy book Rigveda, the oldest extant Indo-Aryan text, numerous references are made to rebirths, although it portrays reincarnation as " redeaths " ( punarmrtyu ).
The oldest known extant slings were found in the tomb of Tutankhamen, who died about 1325 BC.
It has the oldest extant literature amongst other Dravidian languages.
He is perhaps most famous for being the oldest extant Latin writer to use the term Trinity ( Latin trinitas ), and giving the oldest extant formal exposition of a Trinitarian theology.
oldest and manuscripts
The oldest surviving manuscripts of the Athanasian Creed date from the late 8th century.
As Slavic linguistic unity lasted into late antiquity, in the oldest manuscripts this language was initially referred to as языкъ словяньскъ, " the Slavic language ".
The oldest surviving manuscripts of Isaiah are two scrolls found among the Dead Sea Scrolls: dating from about a century before the time of Jesus, they are substantially identical with the Masoretic version which forms the basis of most modern English-language versions of the book.
Winer's influence gave him the desire to use the oldest manuscripts in order to compile the text of the New Testament as close to the original as possible.
Most of the manuscripts were, however, late Greek manuscripts of the Byzantine textual family and Erasmus used the oldest manuscript the least because " he was afraid of its supposedly erratic text.
The earliest surviving documentary evidence for the use of the hand cannon, considered the oldest type of portable firearm and a forerunner of the handgun, are from several Arabic manuscripts dated to the 14th century.
* The Mathnawí of Jalálu ' ddín Rúmí, edited from the oldest manuscripts available, with critical notes, translation and commentary by Reynold A. Nicholson, in 8 volumes, London: Messrs Luzac & Co., 1925 – 1940.
The oldest written manuscripts have been preserved by the perfect dryness of their Middle Eastern resting places, whether placed within sarcophagi in Egyptian tombs, or reused as mummy-wrappings, discarded in the middens of Oxyrhynchus or secreted for safe-keeping in jars and buried ( Nag Hammadi library ) or stored in dry caves ( Dead Sea scrolls ).
The oldest Vamshavali or chronicle, the Gopalarajavamsavali, was copied from older manuscripts during the late 14th century, is a fairly reliable basis for Nepal's ancient history.
* The Sana ' a palimpsest is one of the oldest Qur ' anic manuscripts in existence.
The manuscripts A and E are the oldest among the Palestinian Targum and have been dated to around the seventh century.
* Revision by Jerome of the Old Latin, corrected with reference to the oldest Greek manuscripts available: the Gospels.
In translating the 39 books of the Hebrew Bible, Jerome was relatively free in rendering their text into Latin, but it is possible to determine that the oldest surviving complete manuscripts of the Masoretic Text, which date from nearly 600 years after Jerome, nevertheless transmit a consonantal Hebrew text very close to that used by Jerome.
* 1008 – The Leningrad Codex, one of the oldest full manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible, is completed.
The Syrian tradition includes the oldest manuscripts ; these versions are also much shorter and include fewer tales.
* 1984 – Muhsin Mahdi publishes an Arabic edition which he claims is faithful to the oldest Arabic versions surviving ( primarily based on the Syrian manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale in combination with other early manuscripts of the Syrian branch ).
The text survives in several thousand partial and complete manuscripts, the oldest of which appears to date from the 11th century A. D.
He spent three days in the Rachol Seminary, the oldest convent of Goa, where rare religious literature in manuscripts and printed works in Latin were preserved.
Goliath's stature grew at the hand of narrators or scribes: the oldest manuscripts — the Dead Sea Scrolls text of Samuel, the first-century historian Josephus, and the fourth century Septuagint manuscripts — all give his height as " four cubits and a span " (); later manuscripts increase this to " six cubits and a span " ().
12th century texts of Neryosang Dhaval and other Parsi Sanskritist theologians of that era, and which are roughly contemporary with the oldest surviving manuscripts in Avestan script.
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