The olfactory lobe of the brains in these species, which is responsible for processing smells, is particularly large compared to that of other animals.

Lesions to the olfactory nerve can occur because of blunt trauma, such as coup-contra-coup damage, meningitis, and tumors of the frontal lobe.

It has no olfactory nerves or olfactory lobe in the brain.

Recognizing that dysfunctional mirror neuron systems cannot account for the wide range of symptoms that are included in autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ), Ramachandran has theorized that childhood temporal lobe epilepsy and olfactory bulb dysgenesis may also play a role in creating the symptoms of ASD.

The cingulate cortex is a part of the " grand lobe limbique " of Broca ( 1898 ) that consisted ( in addition to the olfactory part, which is no more considered there today ) of a superior cingulate part, supracallosal ; and an inferior hippocampic part, infracallosal.

Cyclopia can occur in the womb when certain proteins are inappropriately expressed and causes the brain to stay whole instead of forming into two distinct hemispheres, which also means one optic lobe and one olfactory lobe resulting in one eye.

Of note, a similar structure is shared by the analogous olfactory center in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the antennal lobe.

One possibility is that vertebrate olfactory bulb and insect antennal lobe structure may be similar because they contain an optimal solution to a computational problem experienced by all olfactory systems and thus may have evolved independently in different phyla.

Larger olfactory bulbs, relatively wider orbitofrontal cortex, relatively increased and forward projecting temporal lobe poles appear unique to modern humans.

Sometimes called the olfactory cortex, olfactory lobe or paleopallium, piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals.

Broca named the limbic lobe in 1878, identifying it with the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, and associating it with the sense of smell-Treviranus having earlier noted that, between species, the size of the parahippocampal gyrus varies with the size of the olfactory nerve.

Located in the temporal lobe, the primary olfactory cortex is the primary receptive area for olfaction.

The blind form of the Mexican tetra is different from the surface-dwelling form in a number of ways, including having unpigmented skin, having a better olfactory sense by having taste buds all over its head, and by being able to store four times more energy as fat allowing it to deal with irregular food supplies more effectively.

* The olfactory bulb is a special structure that processes olfactory sensory signals and sends its output to the olfactory part of the pallium.

In humans, neurogenesis largely ceases during adulthood — only for two brain areas, the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, is there strong evidence for generation of substantial numbers of new neurons.

This corresponds to the olfactory tubercle and the nucleus accumbens, which is not a nucleus, but is a striatal part made up of striatal elements.

A large part of the mosquito ’ s sense of smell, or olfactory system, is devoted to sniffing out blood sources.

Sharks have keen olfactory senses, located in the short duct ( which is not fused, unlike bony fish ) between the anterior and posterior nasal openings, with some species able to detect as little as one part per million of blood in seawater.

Phantosmia can also be induced by epilepsy affecting the olfactory cortex and is also thought to possibly have psychiatric origins.

There continues to be some interest in hippocampal olfactory responses, particularly the role of the hippocampus in memory for odors, but few people believe today that olfaction is its primary function.

It can be permanent when any part of the olfactory region is damaged by factors such as brain injury, tumor, disease, or chronic rhinitis.

There is also additional evidence that the neuropil may function in olfactory associative learning and memory .< ref name =" Renn ">

It is possible for humans to smell different olfactory inputs in the two nostrils and experience a perceptual rivalry akin to that of binocular rivalry when there are two different inputs to the two eyes.

It is one of the organisms for which scientists have obtained detailed data on information processing in the olfactory pathway of organisms.

This is the case for many of the sensory systems ( except for the olfactory system ), such as the auditory, somatic, visceral, gustatory and visual systems where localized lesions provoke specific sensory deficits.

Copper has been shown to be required by a specific mouse olfactory receptor, MOR244-3, which is highly responsive to MTMT as well as to various other thiols and related compounds.

Nose picking, however, should not affect the sense of smell, as the nasal cavity where the olfactory nerves are located is too high up to reach.

In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of olfactory receptor neurons in the nose or by brain injury in which there is damage to the olfactory nerve or damage to brain areas that process smell ( see olfactory system ).

* Esthesioneuroblastoma is an exceedingly rare cancerous tumor that originates in or near the olfactory nerve.

In mammals and reptiles, pheromones may be detected by the vomeronasal organ ( VNO ), or Jacobson's organ, which lies between the nose and mouth and is the first stage of the accessory olfactory system.

The associated olfactory bulb is present in the fetus but regresses and vanishes in the adult brain.

The Fifth incarnation of Doctor Who, Peter Davison, was noted for wearing a stalk of celery on his lapel, claiming it at one point to be an excellent restorative, though the human olfactory sense was comparatively weak.

# The sense of smell: receptors of the olfactory epithelium bind odorants ( olfactory receptors ) and pheromones ( vomeronasal receptors )

Brown rats have acute hearing, are sensitive to ultrasound, and possess a very highly developed olfactory sense.

The new theatre was built speedily, and accounts noted that it " was situated on a site which, though rich in historical associations, was also rich in the olfactory sense.

Examples in humans include the olfactory receptor neuron and Meissner's corpuscle, which are critical for the sense of smell and touch, respectively.

He thought it possible that a bee ’ s spatial sense of smell arises from the firm coupling of its olfactory sense with its tactile sense.

The sense of smell ( olfaction ) arises from the stimulation of olfactory ( or odorant ) receptors by small molecules of different spatial, chemical, and electrical properties that pass over the nasal epithelium in the nasal cavity during inhalation.

However, lesions of the olfactory nerve do not lead to a reduced ability to sense pain from the nasal epithelium.

Having a keen sense of smell ( olfactory system ), eels most likely depend on scent to find food.

The vomeronasal organ ( VNO ), or Jacobson's organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals.

These are probably used for a second olfactory capability, in addition to the normal sense of smell based in the nose.

Madame's poor sense of smell and ignorance about Grenouille's gifts, coupled with his assistance in finding her hidden money through his olfactory ability, caused Madame to believe he had second sight ( psychic ).

The mirror test has attracted controversy among some researchers because it is entirely focused on vision, the primary sense in humans, while other species rely more heavily on other senses such as the olfactory sense in dogs.

* The olfactory segment is lined with a specialized type of pseudostratified columnar epithelium, known as olfactory epithelium, which contains receptors for the sense of the smell.

Innervation of the nasal cavity responsible for the sense of smell is via the olfactory nerve, which sends microscopic fibers from the olfactory bulb through the cribiform plate to reach the top of the nasal cavity.