In many societies, what we regard as corruption, favoritism, and personal influence are so accepted as consistent with the mores of officialdom and so integral a part of routine administrative practice that any attempt to force their elimination will be regarded by the local leadership as not only unwarranted but unfriendly.

No judges presided over the courts nor did anyone give legal direction to the jurors ; magistrates had only an administrative function and were laymen.

The administrative cities remained economically only of regional importance.

When sitting in review of a decision, the Court will only look at the method in which the decision was arrived at, whereas in an administrative appeal the correctness of the decision itself will be examined, usually by a higher body in the agency.

This procedure is available only if the law on which the primary decision is based specifically provides for it and involves an appeal to a higher ranking administrative body.

In Sweden, there is a system of administrative courts that considers only administrative law cases, and is completely separate from the system of general courts.

Although the German General Staff was also abolished by the treaty, it nevertheless continued to exist as the Truppenamt or " Troop Office ", supposedly only an administrative body.

The censuses covered only the southern part of the country except for the 1952 census which was country wide, and the censuses before 1921 were based on administrative estimates rather than on an actual enumeration.

The 2001 questionnaire only asked about households and who was living in them, while no questionnaires will be mailed out for the 2011 census, since the administrative data on households is sufficient.

may consist of only one domain, or may consist of many domains and sub-domains, depending on the administrative authority delegated to the manager.

Technology is being used more not only in administrative duties in education but also in the instruction of students.

Meanwhile, the U. S. judicial system reviews not only the legislative enactments, but also the administrative decisions of the many agencies dealing with environmental issues.

In e. g. criminal and family-related proceedings in local courts, the panel of judges may include both lay judges and professional judges, while all appeals courts and administrative courts consist only of professional judges.

The Kings of Aragón ruled territories that consisted of not only the present administrative region of Aragon but also Catalonia, and later the Balearic Islands, Valencia, Sicily, Naples and Sardinia ( see Crown of Aragon ).

The most important of these were PERNAS ( National Corporation Ltd .), PETRONAS ( National Petroleum Ltd .), and HICOM ( Heavy Industry Corporation of Malaysia ), which not only directly employed many Malays but also invested in growing areas of the economy to create new technical and administrative jobs which were preferentially allocated to Malays.

Of the administrative structures established under the 1898 Local Government Act, the only type to have been completely abolished was the Rural District, which was rendered void in the early years of the Irish Free State amidst widespread allegations of corruption.

Both Korean governments claim that the Military Demarcation Line ( MDL ) is only a temporary administrative line, not a permanent border.

The nomenklatura (, ) were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in all spheres of those countries ' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region.

In this process also known as the Danka system Buddhist-temples were generally not only a centre of Buddhist practice and learning, but were forced carry out administrative functions thereby also being controlled by the government taming any missionary activities.

The Republic of Colombia ( 1819 – 1830 ) or ‘ Gran Colombia ’ as it began to be called only after 1886, more or less corresponded in territory to the old colonial administrative district called the Viceroyalty of New Granada ( 1717 – 1819 ).

Probably the only man in Paraguay with the necessary diplomatic, financial, and administrative skills, Francia built his power base on his organizational abilities and his forceful personality.

The main activity was to invest the Church's money, and with advancing years gradually entrusted to him the management of affairs, to such an extent that the Romans said he had reserved to himself only the episcopal functions of benedicere et sanctificare, resigning in favour of the Cardinal the administrative duties of regere et gubernare.

Later legend associates Urien with the city of Carlisle, only twenty-five miles away ; Higham suggests that Rheged was " broadly conterminous with the earlier Civitas Carvetiorum, the Roman administrative unit based on Carlisle ".

The best current practice ( BCP ) subseries collects administrative documents and other texts which are considered as official rules and not only informational, but which do not affect over the wire data.

The level of armour protection between AFVs varies greatly-a main battle tank will normally be designed to take hits from other tank guns and anti-tank missiles, whilst light reconnaissance vehicles are often only armoured " just in case ".

At the basis of this ... there is not only the massive use of heavy armoured divisions or cooperation between them and airplanes, but the creation of disorder in the enemy's rear by means of parachute raids.

The Eighth Army now enjoyed a massive superiority in material over the Axis forces: 1st Armoured Division had 173 tanks and more in reserve or transit, while Rommel possessed only 38 German tanks and 51 Italian tanks although his armoured units had some 100 tanks awaiting repair.

Thus the only concentration of troops in Conakry appeared to be the armoured battalion, with a modest number of Soviet medium tanks manufactured in the late 1940s, as well as Soviet APCs, and elements of the engineer battalion.

Full plate armour of the highest quality was also extremely expensive, only used by knights ; the vast majority of soldiers were not armoured in plate from head-to-toe.

The fully armoured Viking raider would wear an iron helmet and a maille hauberk, and fight with a combination of axe, sword, shield, spear or great " Danish " two-handed axe, although the typical raider would be unarmoured, carrying only a shield and spear ; swords and axes were much less common.

While Molotov cocktails may be a psychologically effective method of disabling armoured fighting vehicles by forcing the crew out or damaging external components, most modern tanks cannot be physically destroyed or rendered completely inoperable by Molotov cocktails ; only " disabled ".

The night attacks had put a great strain on the Russians, as they had lost two battleships and two armoured cruisers, while the Japanese only lost three torpedo boats.

It is considered possible for strong blows of the sword against plate armour to actually damage the blade of the sword, potentially rendering it much less effective at cutting and producing only a concussive effect against the armoured opponent.

The 10, 850-ton armoured cruiser, which went down in a heavy storm four days after the Battle of Jutland with only 12 surviving from its 655 crew, lies in 70 metres of water 1. 5 miles off the steep, desolate cliffs of Marwick Head, above which the Kitchener Memorial now stands as a silent memorial to those lost.

* Four armoured infantry companies ( one company has only two platoons ):

" He argued that an invasion could only be defeated by a defence in depth, with armoured reserves positioned well inland so that they could be deployed to wherever the invasion came, and launch counter-offensives to drive the invaders back.

Thus, by definition, they were armoured cruisers, despite displacing only 4, 800 tons ; the light armored cruiser had arrived.

A larger British squadron — consisting of the battlecruisers and, the armoured cruisers, and, and the light cruisers and — had arrived in the port only the day before.

This was refused by the Chief of Staff — Vice Admiral Doveton Sturdee — who instead agreed to place only lighter forces ; " Cruiser Force K " under Rear Admiral Gordon Moore consisting of two battlecruisers and to the northwest, and " Cruiser Force C " a squadron of five Cressy-class armoured cruisers —,,, and — west.

At that time, the RKKA had only several dozen outdated Mk. V, Mk. A and Renault FT-17 tanks, captured during the Russian Civil War, together with various armoured cars and obsolescent domestic MS-1 ( T-18 ) light infantry tanks.

Sceptical about the ability of " a reduced armoured brigade, with only limited mobile infantry and artillery support " to seriously worry the Germans, Buckley notes that in addition to the uncommitted elements of 7th Armoured the 151st Infantry Brigade was available in corps reserve.

The British used a full-length armoured deck in their Comus class of corvettes started in 1878 ; however the Comus class were designed for colonial service and were only capable of 13 knots speed, not fast enough for commerce protection or fleet duties.

While they carried an armoured belt some 10 in thick, the belt only covered a 140 ft of the 315 ft length of the ship, and the belt was also submerged below the waterline at full load.

However in 1887 a comparison of the Orlando type judged them inferior to the protected cruisers and accordingly the Royal Navy built exclusively protected cruisers, even for very large first-class cruiser designs returning only to armoured cruisers in the late 1890s with the Cressy class, laid down in 1898.

The only major naval power to retain a preference for armoured cruisers during the 1880s was Russia.

A few, such as the British 120mm L4 MoBAT and L6 Wombat could only practically be transported by jeep or truck, or mounted on an armoured personnel carrier.

It was heavy, which meant that it was difficult for infantry to handle effectively, and was outdated ; by 1940 it was only effective at short ranges, and then only against armoured cars and light tanks.