But all the reports of this first embassy show that the two Savoyards were the heads of it, for they were the only ones who were empowered to swear for the king that he would abide by the pope's decision and who were allowed to appoint deputies in the event that one was unavoidably absent.

Seizing the youngest but only surviving of Saul's sons, Ish-bosheth, Abner set him up as king over Israel at Mahanaim, east of the Jordan.

Agesilaus, the former passive lover of Lysander, would have nothing of this, and reminded Lysander ( who was only a Spartan general ) who was king.

However, Sargon took this process further, conquering many of the surrounding regions to create an empire that reached westward as far as the Mediterranean Sea and perhaps Cyprus ( Kaptara ); northward as far as the mountains ( a later Hittite text asserts he fought the Hattite king Nurdaggal of Burushanda, well into Anatolia ); eastward over Elam ; and as far south as Magan ( Oman ) — a region over which he reigned for purportedly 56 years, though only four " year-names " survive.

With Naram-Sin, Sargon's grandson, this went further than with Sargon, with the king not only being called " Lord of the Four Quarters ( of the Earth )", but also elevated to the ranks of the dingir (= gods ), with his own temple establishment.

He was born at Haddington, East Lothian, the only son of the Scottish king William the Lion and Ermengarde of Beaumont.

This meant not only that the king had retained the loyalty of ealdormen, royal reeves and king ’ s thegns ( who were charged with levying and leading these forces ), but that they had maintained their positions of authority in these localities well enough to answer his summons to war.

The only means left to them was to starve the burh into submission, but this allowed the king time to send assistance with his mobile field army or garrisons from neighbouring burhs.

The king managed to keep security within Portuguese borders only by outlawing and exiling his kin.

Peter's only male heir, future king Fernando of Portugal, was a sickly child, while the illegitimate children sired with Inês thrived.

Wace usually only refers to li roi (" the king ") without naming him, and someone has taken an early mention of Uther's epithet Pendragon as the name of his brother.

In the aftermath of Mycale, the Spartan king Leotychides had proposed transplanting all the Greeks from Asia Minor to Europe as the only method of permanently freeing them from Persian dominion.

According to some traditional interpretations of the Book of Exodus, Book of Numbers, and the Letter to the Hebrews the Ark also contained Aaron's rod, a jar of manna and the first Torah scroll as written by Moses ; however, the first of the Books of Kings says that at the time of king Solomon, the Ark contained only the two Tablets of the Law.

Homer appears to know nothing of all these tragic occurrences, and we learn from him only that, after the death of Thyestes, Aegisthus ruled as king at Mycenae and took no part in the Trojan expedition.

He lists seven kings of the Anglo-Saxons whom he regards as having held imperium, or overlordship ; only one king of Wessex, Ceawlin, is listed, and none from Mercia, though elsewhere he acknowledges the secular power several of the Mercians held.

The theological bias is seen in the way it judges each king of Israel on the basis of whether he recognises the authority of the temple in Jerusalem ( none do, and therefore all are " evil "), and each king of Judah on the basis of whether he destroys the " high places " ( rivals to the Temple in Jerusalem ); it gives only passing mention to important and successful kings like Omri and Jeroboam II and totally ignores one of the most significant events in ancient Israel's history, the battle of Qarqar.

It was normal Roman practice to allow allied kingdoms their independence only for the lifetime of their client king, who would agree to leave his kingdom to Rome in his will — the provinces of Bithynia and Galatia, for example, were incorporated into the Empire in just this way.

When Macbeth kills the king and takes the throne, Banquo — the only one aware of this encounter with the witches — reserves judgment for God.

Whereas Macbeth places his hope in the prediction that he will be king, Banquo argues that evil only offers gifts that lead to destruction.

Napoleon's son Napoleon François Charles Joseph ( 1811 – 1832 ) was created king of Rome ( 1811 – 1814 ) and was later styled Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication.

The bridge of Bouvines, the only means of retreat through the marshes, was guarded by 150 sergeants at arms of the king who form only to the French troops.

This can involve capturing the checking piece ; interposing a piece between the checking piece and the king ( which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is a square between it and the king ); or moving the king to a square where it is not under attack.

His underage son Frederick could only succeed him in Sicily and Malta, while in the Empire the struggle between the Hohenstaufen and the House of Welf erupted once again.

It is the business of the pope to look after the interests of the Roman empire, since the empire derives its origin and its final authority from the papacy ; its origin, because it was originally transferred from Greece by and for the sake of the papacy ... its final authority, because the emperor is raised to his position by the pope who blesses him, crowns him and invests him with the empire .... Therefore, since three persons have lately been elected king by different parties, namely the youth son of Henry VI, Philip Hohenstaufen, brother of Henry VI, and Otto Brunswick, of the Welf family, so also three things must be taken into account in regard to each one, namely: the legality, the suitability and the expediency of his election ...... Far be it from us that we should defer to man rather than to God, or that we should fear the countenance of the powerful .... On the foregoing grounds, then, we decide that the youth should not at present be given the empire ; we utterly reject Philip for his manifest unfitness and we order his usurpation to be resisted by all .... since Otto is not only himself devoted to the church, but comes from devout ancestors on both sides ..... therefore we decree that he ought to be accepted and supported as king, and ought to be given the crown of empire, after the rights of the Roman church have been secured.

Margaret was the only surviving daughter of Henry of Gorizia-Tyrol, then Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol, with his second wife Adelaide, daughter of the Welf duke Henry I of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

On the other hand, Henry the Lion only received a diminished Bavarian duchy and Henry Jasomirgott's right of libertas affectandi would preserve any succession of the House of Welf in Austria.

The relationship between Welf I and all later members of the Swabian group ( Welf, Duke of Carinthia, and his relatives, who were counts of Altdorf ) is, again, known only through legend.

Welf is mentioned only once: on the occasion of the wedding of his daughter Judith with Emperor Louis the Pious in 819.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

The dynasty continued to flourish under Empress Wu Zetian, the only empress regnant in Chinese history, and reached its zenith during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, who oversaw an empire that stretched from the Pacific to the Aral Sea with at least 50 million people.

In former times, it was customary to have a portrait in Confucius Temples ; however, during the reign of Hongwu Emperor ( Taizu ) of the Ming dynasty it was decided that the only proper portrait of Confucius should be in the temple in his hometown, Qufu.

The short-lived 11th dynasty of the Kings of Babylon ( 6th century BC ) is conventionally known to historians as the Chaldean Dynasty, although only the first four rulers of this dynasty were known to be Chaldeans, and the last ruler, Nabonidus ( and his son and regent Belshazzar ) was known to be from Assyria.

The Books of Samuel, 1 Kings, and 1 Chronicles are the only sources of information on David, although the Tel Dan stele records " House of David ", which some take as confirmation of the existence in the mid-9th century BCE of a Judean royal dynasty called the " House of David ".

His harshness was felt by only a small, but highly vocal minority, who later exaggerated his despotism in favour of the well regarded Nervan-Antonian dynasty which followed.

The Japanese imperial dynasty consistently practiced official polygamy, a practice that only ended in the Taishō period ( 1912 – 1926 ).

This only changed after the end of the Salian dynasty in the 12th century.

Isabella's only son, Juan, married Margaret of Austria, further maintaining ties with the Habsburg dynasty.

Power can come from force, but formal legitimacy is often established, even if only by fictitious claims of continuity ( e. g., a forged claim of descent from a previous dynasty ).

From the middle and late Eastern Han to the early Wei and Jin dynasties, the net growth of ancient Chinese science and technology experienced a peak ( second only to that of the Northern Song dynasty )... Han studies of the Confucian classics, which for a long time had hindered the socialization of science, were declining.

Omri's rule over Israel was secure enough that he could bequeath his kingdom to Ahab, thus beginning a new dynasty ( sometimes called the Omrides ), and his descendants not only ruled over the kingdom of Israel for the next forty years, but also briefly over Judah.

Historically, however, pharaoh only started being used as a title for the king during the New Kingdom, specifically during the middle of the eighteenth dynasty, after the reign of Hatshepsut.

From the twelfth dynasty onward the word appears in a wish formula ' Great House, may it live, prosper, and be in health ', but again only with reference to the royal palace and not the person.

About the late twenty-first dynasty ( tenth century BC ), however, instead of being used alone as before, it began to be added to the other titles before the ruler's name, and from the twenty-fifth dynasty ( eighth to seventh centuries BC ) it was, at least in ordinary usage, the only epithet prefixed to the royal appellative.

Ferdowsi also tells of Emperor Shapur II of the Sassanid dynasty of the 4th century who learned to play polo when he was only seven years old.

Although the Ayyubid dynasty that he founded would only outlive him by 57 years, the legacy of Saladin within the Arab World continues to this day.

After the death of the last Saxon of the Ottonian Dynasty in 1024, first the elected German King and then three years later the elected position of Holy Roman Emperor both passed to the first monarch of the Salian dynasty in the person of Conrad II, the only son of Count Henry of Speyer and Adelheid of Alsace ( both territories in the Franconia of the day ).

The stability of the Toyotomi dynasty after Hideyoshi's death was put in doubt with the death of his only son Tsurumatsu in September 1591.

The Tudor dynasty survived only in the female line, and the House of Stuart occupied the English throne for most of the following century.

The progress to Northern / Roses government would thenceforth pass across the border into Scotland, in 1603, due not only to the civil warring, but also because the Tudors ' own dynasty was fragile and insecure, trying to reconcile the mortal enemies who had weakened England to the point of having to bow to new pressures, rather than dictate diplomacy on English terms.