The one of 1861 made clear that in making their government the people were acting through their states, whereas the Preamble of 1787-89 expressed, as clearly as language can, the opposite concept, that they were acting directly as citizens.

Sonar can be used to measure the thickness of the heart by placing small crystal transducers at opposite sides of the heart or blood vessel and exciting one with some pulsed ultrasonic energy.

However, the opposite can also be true-An opponent can turn a positive statement into a bad one, if the speaker uses ambiguity ( intentionally or not ).

Particle-antiparticle pairs can annihilate each other, producing photons ; since the charges of the particle and antiparticle are opposite, total charge is conserved.

At the opposite extreme, a transformation of a thermodynamic system can be considered isothermal if it is slow enough so that the system's temperature remains constant by heat exchange with the outside.

The use of radical initiators or other chemicals can lead to the opposite product result, but the reactive-intermediate structures and mechanisms are different.

* The case n = 1 can be illustrated by the claim that there always exist a pair of opposite points on the earth's equator with the same temperature, this can be shown to be true much more easily using the intermediate value theorem.

The same bowler can deliver a " backhand draw " or " thumb peg " by turning the bowl over in his hand and curving it the opposite way, from left to right.

For a binomial involving subtraction, the theorem can be applied as long as the opposite of the second term is used.

The opposite effect can be achieved by treatment with a strong reducing agent that destroys the protective oxide layer on the metal.

* Adjoint functors: A functor can be left ( or right ) adjoint to another functor that maps in the opposite direction.

Camouflage can be achieved in what may seem opposite ways.

For example, if a player's " home " or destination corner is empty ( not an opponent's starting corner ), the player can freely arrange his / her pieces to serve as a ' ladder ' or ' bridge ' between the two opposite ends.

If two sets are played, the pieces can either go into the opponent's starting corners, or one of the players ' two sets can go into an opposite empty corner.

It is situated such that looking out from the stand you can see the Putney End and the Cottage opposite, the Riverside Stand ( and the river itself ) to the right and the Johnny Haynes Stand to the left.

For a convex shape in the plane, the diameter is defined to be the largest distance that can be formed between two opposite parallel lines tangent to its boundary, and the width is defined to be the smallest such distance.

Instead of enabling the guest operating system to dialog with hardware, virtual device drivers take the opposite role and emulate a piece of hardware, so that the guest operating system and its drivers running inside a virtual machine can have the illusion of accessing real hardware.

The village has a basin for small yachts and a few fishing boats opposite the millpond, an artificial lake which fills at high tide can be emptied through a sluice at low tide.

On the other hand, free software and proprietary software are opposite traits, and an application can be one or the other but never both, contingent upon the availability of the source code under certain minimum freedoms.

The opposite can also be used.

Since the inverse DFT is the same as the DFT, but with the opposite sign in the exponent and a 1 / N factor, any FFT algorithm can easily be adapted for it.

While its supporters argue that only a free market can create healthy competition and therefore more business and reasonable prices, opponents say that a free market in its purest form may result in the opposite.

`` How could the mess be admitted, because it appears to be the very opposite of form and therefore destructive of the very thing that art holds itself to be ''??

This town should not be confused with Pawtucket, just north of Providence, or Pawcatuck, Connecticut, on the Pawcatuck River, opposite Westerly, Rhode Island.

If his circumspection in regard to Philip's sensibilities went so far that he even refused to grant a dispensation for the marriage of Amadee's daughter, Agnes, to the son of the dauphin of Vienne -- a truly peacemaking move according to thirteenth-century ideas, for Savoy and Dauphine were as usual fighting on opposite sides -- for fear that he might seem to be favoring the anti-French coalition, he would certainly never take the far more drastic step of ordering the return of Gascony to Edward, even though, as he admitted to the English ambassadors, he had been advised that the original cession was invalid.

Obviously, if colloidal particles bear charges of opposite sign or, if one kind is charged and the other kind is not, the attraction will be intensified and the tendency to agglomerate will be greatly reinforced.

Likewise, a charged particle will tend to stick to an uncharged surface and vice versa, and a charged particle will be very strongly attracted to a surface exhibiting an opposite charge.

There would be no conceivable sense in going to the opposite extreme of selecting items whose forms are the most unstable.

Uninhibited lyricism should be distinguished from its exact opposite -- the sterile, extraneous invention of the corn-belt metaphysicals, or present blight of poetic professors.

These will be numbered in the direction opposite to the flow of the process stream, so that stage R is the T stage from the end.

An unlimited use of economic pressures for diametrically opposite causes could devastate the pre-conditions of any fellow humanity as surely as this would be destroyed by the use of more obviously brutal means.

Muller's would have to be one of the half dozen almost directly opposite.

Many spectators will be occupying seats and vantage points bordering Lafayette Square, opposite the White House.

The charges of the electron and proton are believed to be exactly equal and opposite, but Dr. Lyttleton is not so sure.

The two little bangs meant that he was getting impatient to have a crowd of customers waited on and that if he had to he would jerk open the door and drag out, by the opposite door handle which she would be clutching, whichever-the-hell clerk it was who thought she could waste so much store time on the pot.

If we don't take care, the sisters will be entering the fray on opposite sides, brandishing their cudgels ''.

They tend to help less if they see non-cooperativeness by others and this effect tend to be stronger than the opposite effect of seeing cooperative behaviors.

Thus, while altruistic persons may under some circumstances be outcompeted by less altruistic persons at the individual level, according to group selection theory the opposite may occur at the group level where groups consisting of the more altruistic persons may outcompete groups consisting of the less altruistic persons.

Although particles and their antiparticles have opposite charges, electrically neutral particles need not be identical to their antiparticles.

( 16th century BC ) refers to it is improbable ; but we seem to be justified in holding Anah to be the town " in the middle of the Euphrates " opposite ( ina put ) to which

Upon his return, the Buddha says, among other things, that Pasenadi is " a friend of virtue, acquainted with virtue, intimate with virtue ", while the opposite is said of the aggressor, King Ajatasattu.

But when he came upon the Bosporus he understood: on the opposite eastern shore was a Greek city, Chalcedon, whose founders were said to have overlooked the superior location only away.

If the patient's eyes move in a direction opposite to the direction of the rotation of the head, then the patient is said to have an intact brainstem.

This type of entangled pair, where the particles always have opposite spin, is known as the spin anti-correlated case, and if the probabilities for measuring each spin are equal, the pair is said to be in the singlet state.

In the US, in 2007, it is estimated that 16. 4 million households were maintained by two opposite sex persons who said they were unmarried.

Both these definitions are facing opposite directionalities with their own defined set of rules and criteria on which the said systems are based.

In this sense the opposite of the biological and social determinism theories, could be said to be that of randomness i. e. the theory that there are no factors which influence behaviour ( c. f.

Keitel then slammed his fist onto the table, and, although he knew the exact opposite was true, said " Mein Führer, the Reichsmarschall is correct.

Also, an opposite sketch in Heroes ( 1982 ) had Lisa Ruddy slimed for saying " I know ," rather than " I don't know " ( while other cast members said " I don't know " in that same sketch without anything happening to them ).

The New York Times columnist Paul Krugman agreed with this assessment, writing: " The Gibson character was presented as a man who refused to get involved until his own family was hurt — then, he went to war for personal revenge .... As Lind said, the truth is that that's more or less the opposite of patriotism, which is about making sacrifices for the national good, not serving your personal motives or interests.

Much later in his life, Smith got a tattoo of a map of Texas on his upper arm and said, " I didn't get it because I like Texas, kind of the opposite.

Regarding the record, Smith said " I thought my head would be chopped off immediately when it came out because at the time it was so opposite to the grunge thing that was popular ...

In 1958, he won an Obie Award for his performances in Children of Darkness ( in which he made the first of many appearances opposite his future wife, actress Colleen Dewhurst ), for As You Like It, and for playing the title character in William Shakespeare's Richard III ( a performance one critic said was the " angriest " Richard III of all time ).

He is said to have entered William Humphrey's clock-maker's shop, then opposite the hotel, and enquired who had made a certain remarkable clock.

It is said that when one arrived at the river and found the ferry on the opposite bank, it was common to shout " Hey Si!

The site of the battle has been said to be the field opposite the old and new burial grounds.

In October 1990, Lenihan changed his story, claiming ( even though he had said the opposite for eight years ) that he had played " no hand, act or part " in pressurising President Hillery that night.

When it was realised that he had said the opposite in an on the record interview in May 1990, his campaign panicked and tried to pressurise Duffy into not revealing the information.

While Haughey had identified the problem with the economy he did the exact opposite of what he said he would do.

Around that time, Smith said he wanted to improve his singing, the opposite of his goal in 1984: he remarked in the documentary Ten Imaginary Years that he tried to sing badly on the album The Top.

It was a Megarian colony founded on a site that was viewed at the time as so obviously inferior to that which was within view on the opposite shore ( these being the small Lygos and Semistra settlements on Seraglio point ), that the Persian general Megabazus is said to have remarked that Chalcedon's founders must have been blind.

In positional astronomy, two celestial bodies are said to be in opposition when they are on opposite sides of the sky, viewed from a given place ( usually the Earth ).

Such a stock is said to be " trading in a range ", which is the opposite of trending.

It's said that it was when Swift looked across the expanse of Lough Ennell one day and saw the tiny human figures on the opposite shore of the lake that he conceived the idea of the Lilliputians featured in Gulliver's Travels.

Such reactions are said to be anti-Markovnikov, since the halogen adds to the less substituted carbon, exactly the opposite of Markovnikov reaction.