The term can trace its origin to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan when millions of Afghans took refuge in neighboring Pakistan and Iran.

Abettor ( from to abet, Old French abeter, à and beter, to bait, urge dogs upon any one ; this word is probably of Scandinavian origin, meaning to cause to bite ), is a legal term implying one who instigates, encourages or assists another to commit an offence.

However, it has been strongly argued that this was a point made out of mis-translation, as pointed out by Amin Malouf, and that the origin of the term in Middle Eastern culture comes from phrase Asasiyun, meaning those who follow the Asas ; believers in the foundation of faith.

The term lipid comprises a diverse range of molecules and to some extent is a catchall for relatively water-insoluble or nonpolar compounds of biological origin, including waxes, fatty acids, fatty-acid derived phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and terpenoids ( e. g., retinoids and steroids ).

Though the origin is ambiguous, the draughtsman of the charter issued by Æthelstan used the term in a way that can only mean ' wide ruler '.

He argued that the term bretwalda " falls into line with the other evidence which points to the Germanic origin of the earliest English institutions ".

The origin of the term is uncertain, and many researchers have different theories on how the word entered the English vocabulary.

The current term bipolar disorder is of fairly recent origin and refers to the cycling between high and low episodes ( poles ).

For the late 19th century the music publishing industry found a market for what are often termed sentimental ballads, and these are the origin of the modern use of the term ballad to mean a slow love song.

In certain Gulf Arab countries, " bachelor " can refer to men who are single as well as immigrant men married to a spouse residing in their country of origin ( due to the high added cost of sponsoring a spouse onsite ), and a colloquial term " executive bachelor " is also used in rental and sharing accommodation advertisements to indicate availability to white-collar bachelors in particular.

The origin of the term " born again " is the New Testament: " Jesus replied, ' Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God without being born again.

The term " Casino " is of Italian origin, the root word being " Casa " ( house ) and originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse or pavilion.

These definitions are archaic, their relevance having dissipated with the development of the English legal system over the centuries, but they do explain the origin of the term as used today.

The term cabal derives from Kabbalah ( a word that has numerous spelling variations ), the mystical interpretation ( of Babylonian origin ) of the Hebrew scripture, and originally meant either an occult doctrine or a secret.

Gibson later commented on the origin of the term in the 2000 documentary No Maps for These Territories:

While the first application of the term " clipper " in a nautical sense is by no means certain, it seems to have had an American origin when applied to the Baltimore clippers of the late 18th century.

It is used in most or all philosophies and religions of Indian origin — sometimes summarized under the umbrella term of Dharmic faiths — including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

* Dravidian parties, a collective term used for political parties, that trace their ideologies and origin from Dravidar Kazhagam

The term " ecology " () is of a more recent origin and was first coined by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in his book Generelle Morphologie der Organismen ( 1866 ).

The definition of an extreme sport is not exact and the origin of the term is unclear, but it gained popularity in the 1990s when it was picked up by marketing companies to promote the X Games.

The origin of the divergence of the term " extreme sports " from " sports " may date to the 1950s in the appearance of a phrase usually, but wrongly, attributed to Ernest Hemingway.

The term should be distinguished from " false cognates ", which are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin ( whatever their current meaning ) but actually do not.

This last phrase ( from 1 Timothy 6: 20 ) is the origin of the title of the book by Irenaeus, On the Detection and Overthrow of False Knowledge, that contains the adjective gnostikos, which is the source for the 17th Century English term " Gnosticism.

It was found in Holland by English troops who were fighting against the Spanish in the Eighty Years ' War who noticed its calming effects before battle, which is the origin of the term Dutch courage.

The origin of the Hamma term remains uncertain ,< ref >< cite id = Verg > as does the exact location of the castle.

The origin of the goes back to Gottfried Leibniz, who in the seventeenth century, after having constructed a successful mechanical calculating machine, dreamt of building a machine that could manipulate symbols in order to determine the truth values of mathematical statements.

Rushton and Jensen argue against expecting the Flynn Effect to narrow the US black-white IQ gap since they see that gap as mostly genetic in origin and there is evidence from mathematical analyses that what causes the Flynn effect is different from what causes the black-white gap.

Many other mathematical objects have their origin in the hyperbola, such as hyperbolic paraboloids ( saddle surfaces ), hyperboloids (" wastebaskets "), hyperbolic geometry ( Lobachevsky's celebrated non-Euclidean geometry ), hyperbolic functions ( sinh, cosh, tanh, etc.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past.

The term can also be used to describe any noise source, even if solely mathematical, of similar origin.

*" Any form of cultural knowledge or social activity characteristic of a social group and / or cultural group that can be recognized by other groups such as Western anthropologists, but not necessarily by the group of origin, as mathematical knowledge or mathematical activity ".

* Achar, N. " On the Vedic origin of the ancient mathematical astronomy of India.

* Pingree, D. " The Mesopotamian origin of early Indian mathematical astronomy.

Juliusz Paweł Schauder ( September 21, 1899, Lemberg, Austria-Hungary ( now Lviv, Ukraine ) – September 1943, Lemberg, Occupied Poland ) was a Polish mathematician of Jewish origin, known for his work in functional analysis, partial differential equation and mathematical physics.

He was the first scientist to explain mathematically the origin of aerodynamic lift, through his circulation hypothesis, the first to dimension the lift force generated by a body moving through an ideal fluid as proportional to the velocity and the circulation around the body, and through a mathematical conformal transformation the first to define the shape of the aerodynamic profile having as essential elements a rounded nose ( leading edge ), double surface ( finite thickness ), cambered or symmetrical, and a sharp tail ( trailing edge ).

In its general nature, it is a singular integral operator, defined by convolution with a function having a mathematical singularity at the origin, the Newtonian kernel Γ which is the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation.

He has also collaborated with geneticists in seeking to correlate linguistic with genetic findings ( e. g., Sarah A. Tishkoff, Floyd A. Reed, F. R. Friedlaender, Christopher Ehret, Alessia Ranciaro, et al., “ The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans ,” Science 324, 22 May 2009 ) and in developing mathematical tools for dating linguistic history ( e. g., Andrew Kitchen, Christopher Ehret, Shiferew Assefa, and Connie Mulligan, " Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East ," Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, July 2009 ).

In mathematical logic and type theory, the λ-cube is a framework for exploring the axes of refinement in Coquand's calculus of constructions, starting from the simply typed lambda calculus as the vertex of a cube placed at the origin, and the calculus of constructions ( higher order dependently-typed polymorphic lambda calculus ) as its diametrically opposite vertex.

In numerical computation, mathematical style pseudocode is sometimes called pidgin code, for example pidgin ALGOL ( the origin of the concept ), pidgin Fortran, pidgin BASIC, pidgin Pascal, and pidgin C. It is a compact and often informal notation that blends syntax taken from a conventional programming language with mathematical notation, typically using set theory and matrix operations, and perhaps also natural language descriptions.

The mathematical representation of the idea about looping through the pixels in the search image as we translate the origin of the template at every pixel and take the SAD measure is the following:

Michel Loève ( January 22, 1907 – February 17, 1979 ) was a French American probabilist and a mathematical statistician, of Palestinian Jewish origin.

The mathematical theory of variational inequalities was initially developed to deal with equilibrium problems, precisely the Signorini problem: in that model problem, the functional involved was obtained as the first variation of the involved potential energy therefore it has a variational origin, recalled by the name of the general abstract problem.

Over 1946-1947, Elsasser published papers describing the first mathematical model for the origin of the Earth's magnetic field.