The orthodox British view, dating from the Glorious Revolution of 1688, was that Parliament was the supreme authority throughout the empire, and so by definition anything Parliament did was constitutional.

With the arrival in Britain of refugee German and Viennese analysts in the 1930s, including Anna Freud herself in 1938, the hostility between the orthodox Freudians and Kleinians in the British Society grew more intense.

John Rutledge later wrote that " Coke's Institutes seems to be almost the foundations of our law ", while Jefferson stated that " a sounder Whig never wrote more profound learning on in the orthodox doctrine of British liberties ".

Their father was a British art teacher and their mother an orthodox Greek Cypriot ( hence " Jake " an anglicized diminutive of the orthodox Iakovos, and " Dinos ", a typical diminutive of the orthodox Konstantinos ).

The majority of the progressive and innovative British physicists of Tyndall's generation were conservative and orthodox on matters of religion.

In British and other northern European styles of football, the wide-midfielder is expected to track back all the way to his own corner flag should his full-back require help, and also to track back his marker, as well as tucking into the midfield when the more central players are trying to pressure the opposition for the ball, a huge responsibility for attack-oriented players, and particularly those like Joaquín ( winger / wide midfielder ) or Lionel Messi ( winger / second-striker / trequartista ) or Ryan Giggs and John Barnes ( winger / central midfielder ) who lack the physical attributes of a wing-back or of a more orthodox midfield player.

The test car cost £ 494 including taxes with a comment that it was the lowest priced orthodox saloon on the British Market.

This substantial amount reflected the Party's subservience to the Moscow line, in contrast to the Italian and later Spanish and British Communist parties, whose Eurocommunism deviated from the orthodox line in the late 1970s.

Ghulam Ahmad is criticised by the orthodox Muslims for his support of the British Government in India and maintain that he and his associates went on publishing in favour of British control and even tried to convince Muslims in other Muslim countries that a British government would be in their favour.

Windschuttle challenges the idea that mass killings were commonplace, arguing that the colonial settlers of Australia did not commit widespread massacres against Indigenous Australians ; he drastically reduces the figures for the Tasmanian Aboriginal death toll, and writes that Aborigines referred to by both Reynolds and Ryan as resistance figures, included ‘ black bushrangers ’ and others engaged in acts normally regarded as ' criminality '; arguing that the evidence clearly shows that attacks by Aborigines on settlers were almost invariably directed at acquiring goods, such as flour, sugar, tea and tobacco, and that claims by orthodox historians that this was a form of guerrilla warfare against British settlement aren't supported by credible evidence.

The SWP was then a member of the International Committee of the Fourth International ( IC ), which organized the orthodox Trotskyists internationally, including the British Socialist Labour League led by Gerry Healy.

They were moderates with a strong belief in parliamentary institutions, financially orthodox and attached to the British Empire, with a distaste for radicalism.

Thus in Nepal, there are no historical parallels to British interference with orthodox Hindu discrimination, nor was there much resembling India's significantly effective post-Independence efforts to improve the lot of adivasis.

Crime science was conceived by the British broadcaster Nick Ross in the late 1990s ( with encouragement from the then Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, Sir John Stevens and Professor Ken Pease ) out of concern that traditional criminology and orthodox political discourse were doing little to influence the ebb and flow of crime ( e. g. Ross: Police Foundation Lecture, London, 11 July 2000 with Sir John Stevens ; Parliamentary and Scientific Committee, 22 March 2001 ; Royal Institution Lecture 9 May 2002 ; Barlow Lecture, UCL, 6 April 2005 ).

Rabbi Yitzchak Schochet, a leading British orthodox rabbi, said Boteach's attempts to reach out to Messianic Jews were " self-delusional.

In the 1990s Cocker shifted his focus from the orthodox biography of colonial figures, to a moral reflection upon the real impact of European Empire, this resulted in his next two books: Loneliness and Time: British Travel Writing in the Twentieth Century and Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold: Europe ’ s Conflict with Tribal People.

For orthodox Marxists, socialism is the lower stage of communism based on the principle of " from each according to his ability, to each according to his contribution " while upper stage communism is based on the principle of " from each according to his ability, to each according to his need "; the upper stage becoming possible only after the socialist stage further develops economic efficiency and the automation of production has led to a superabundance of goods and services.

Childe himself was an atheist, and remained highly critical of religion, something he saw as being based in superstition, a viewpoint shared by orthodox Marxists.

The school initially consisted of dissident Marxists who believed that some of Marx's followers had come to parrot a narrow selection of Marx's ideas, usually in defense of orthodox Communist parties.

This result, which orthodox Marxists believe is a principal contradictory characteristic leading to an inevitable collapse of the capitalist order, was held by Marx and Engels to, as a result of various contradictions in the capitalist mode of production, result in crises whose resolution necessitates the emergence of an entirely new mode of production as the culmination of the same historical dialectic that led to the emergence of capitalism from prior forms.

In its totality, Bernstein's analysis formed a powerful critique of Marxism, and this led to his vilificationamong many orthodox Marxists.

Although the orthodox Marxists in the party, led by Karl Kautsky, retained the Marxist theory of revolution as the official doctrine of the party, and it was repeatedly endorsed by SPD conferences, in practice the SPD leadership became increasingly reformist.

Although the orthodox Marxists in the party, led by Karl Kautsky, retained the Marxist theory of revolution as the official doctrine of the party, and it was repeatedly endorsed by SPD conferences, in practice the SPD leadership became more and more reformist.

Grossman led the resistance of orthodox Marxists to this current.

He did not view Marxism as " true " in a scientific sense, as orthodox Marxists did, but believed Marxism's " truth " lay in its promise of a morally redemptive role for the proletariat, within a terminally decadent society.

This view is also shared by orthodox Marxists, who criticise China on the grounds that the socialist market economy restores capitalist commodity relations and production while further dis-empowering the working class, leading to a sharp increase in social inequality and the formation of a growing capitalist class.

These politically homeless individuals were a diverse group: progressive Christians, leftwing socialists, orthodox Marxists, anti-Stalinist Trotskyists, left communists, liberal pacifists and some anarchists.

Despite its importance, it was — due to its subversive nature — severely criticized by both orthodox Marxists and academic theorists of various political and theoretical commitments.

According to Wallerstein himself, critique of the world-systems approach comes from four directions: from the positivists, the orthodox Marxists, the state autonomists, and the culturalists.

Orthodox Marxists find the world-systems approach deviating too far from orthodox Marxist principles, such as not giving enough weight to the concept of social class.

Further, the positivists, the orthodox Marxists and the state autonomists argue that state should be the central unit of analysis.

Some Marxists tried to adapt to these criticisms and the changing nature of capitalism, for instance Eduard Bernstein emphasised the idea of Marxists bringing legal challenges against the current administrations over the treatment of the working classes rather than simply emphasising violent revolution as more orthodox Marxists did.

This did not mean that, as orthodox Marxists claim, Engels believed " a society consisting exclusively of simple commodity producers " had ever existed.

However, the orthodox Marxists have no knowledge about economic history.

They regarded themselves as orthodox Marxists, destined to take charge of Chinese revolution.

These views were labeled ' Economism ' by her critics ( a somewhat vague term the orthodox Marxists applied to a number of different heresies, from revolutionary syndicalism to revisionism ).

Since most Christians today subscribe to the doctrines established by the Nicene Creed, modern Christian theologians tend to regard the early debates as a unified orthodox position against a minority of heretics.

In Islamic philosophy, skepticism was established by Al-Ghazali ( 1058 – 1111 ), known in the West as " Algazel ", as part of the orthodox Ash ' ari school of Islamic theology, whose method of skepticism shares many similarities with Descartes ' method.

Such criticisms have provoked counter-criticisms that orthodox Catholics are in effect casting the Catholic Church as a friend of authoritarian regimes ; and that the Vatican is not so much trying to defend pure doctrine as to maintain an established ecclesiastical and political order.

Mainstream science is scientific inquiry in an established field of study that does not depart significantly from orthodox theories.

When the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was overthrown and the Ming Dynasty was established, the Tibetan lamas were expelled from the court, and this form of Buddhism was denounced as not being an orthodox path.

* Fringe science, scientific inquiry in an established field of study that departs significantly from mainstream or orthodox theories

Brought up in the Church of England, he drifted away from orthodox Christianity, and as early as 1862 he described himself as a theist, independent from established religion.

Five years after the signing on the Richmond Declaration in 1887, Five Years Meeting was established in 1902 by a collection of orthodox yearly meetings.

* Fringe science is scientific inquiry in an established field of study that departs significantly from mainstream or orthodox theories, and is classified in the " fringes " of a credible mainstream academic discipline.

It was established in the year 1744 ( 1157 A. H .) when Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Prince Muhammad ibn Saud formed an alliance to establish a religious and political sovereignty determined to purge the Arabian Peninsula of heretical practices and deviations from orthodox Islam as they understood it.

The SGP, an orthodox Protestant party established in 1918, was opposed to the co-operation of the Protestant ARP and CHU with the Catholics.

The Nahdlatul Ulama ( Revival / Awakening of Religious Scholars ) was established in 1926 as an organization for orthodox Muslims opposed to the modernist policies of the Muhammadiyah organization, which rejected pre-Islamic Javanese traditions.

The most prominent of the successors of his lineage was Guifeng Zongmi According to Tsung-mi, Shen-hui's approach was officially sanctioned in 796, when " an imperial commission determined that the Southern line of Ch ' an represented the orthodox transmission and established Shen-hui as the seventh patriarch, placing an inscription to that effect in the shen-lung temple ".

" He turned to crime writing in a light – hearted way before the war and soon afterwards established himself as a leading exponent of it, though his use of irony to show the violence behind the respectable masks of society place many of his books on the level of the orthodox novel.

This house has always been connected established orthodox religion and with journeys ( which were often undertaken for educational purposes in ancient times.

Pope John Paul II, who viewed the orthodox Catholicism of the organization with favor, established it as personal prelature, a part of the socio-administrative organization of the Catholic Church.

After reading the work and realizing that the myth was established during the twilight of Roman mythology, Keats wrote to George: " You must recollect that Psyche was not embodied as a goddess before the time of Apuleius the Platonist who lived after the Augustan age, and consequently the Goddess was never worshipped or sacrificed to with any of the ancient fervour — and perhaps never thought of in the old religion — I am more orthodox than to let a heathen Goddess be so neglected.