In the twelfth century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them being assigned a church in Rome as his titular church, or being linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.

The Pope's signature is followed, in bulls of canonization, by those of all the cardinals resident in Rome, and in decrees of ecumenical councils, by the signatures of the other bishops participating in the council, each signing as Bishop of a particular see.

Traditionally, this term was reserved for claimants with a significant following of cardinals or other clergy.

Domenico Tardini and Giovanni Montini would be elevated and Pius XII informed the assembled cardinals that both of them were originally on the top of his list, but they had turned down the offer, and were rewarded instead with other promotions.

Pope Clement IV sent him and three other cardinals to invest Charles of Anjou as King of Sicily at Rome on 28 July 1265.

He issued two other decrees: one confirmed an earlier decree of Pope Gregory X that ordered the shutting of the cardinals in a conclave to elect a new pope ; the second declared the right of any pope to abdicate the papacy, a right that he himself exercised at the end of five months and eight days at Naples on 13 December 1294.

Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino was first chosen pope as Victor III when Gregory VII died in 1085, but after Victor's short reign, Otho was elected Pope Urban II by acclamation ( March 1088 ) at a small meeting of cardinals and other prelates held in Terracina in March 1088.

Immediately following his election, Urban began preaching intemperately to the cardinals ( some of whom < ref > Barbara W. Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14 < sup > th </ sup > Century, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1978, pp 330 – 331 </ ref > thought the delirium of power had made Urban mad and unfit for rule ), insisting that the business of the Curia should be carried on without gratuities and gifts, forbidding the cardinals to accept annuities from rulers and other lay persons, condemning the luxury of their lives and retinues, and the multiplication of benefices and bishoprics in their hands.

There were usually ten other cardinals who were members of the Congregation, as well as a prelate and two assistants all chosen from the Dominican Order.

Many other forms of payment brought riches to the Holy See and its cardinals: tithes, a ten-percent tax on church property ; annates, the income of the first year after filling a position such as a bishopric ; special taxes for crusades which never took place ; and many forms of dispensation, from the entering of benefices without basic qualifications like literacy for newly appointed priests to the request of a converted Jew to visit his unconverted parents.

On the other hand, the zelanti – the pro-Jesuit party among the cardinals – believed him secretly sympathetic towards the Jesuits, and expected some reparation for the alleged wrongs they suffered under the previous reign.

The controversy over the succession to the inheritance of the Countess had been left unsettled by an agreement of 1177, and the Emperor proposed in 1182 that the Curia should renounce its claim, receiving in exchange two-tenths of the imperial income from Italy, one-tenth for the Pope and the other tenth for the cardinals.

The account goes as follows: " The cardinals dallied with their duty until March 1314, ( exact day is disputed by scholars ) when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, Jacques de Molay, Templar Grand Master, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, Ilugues de Peraud, Visitor of France, and Godefroi de Gonneville, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the Archbishop of Sens and some other prelates whom they had called in.

On July 21, 1542, Pope Paul III proclaimed the Apostolic Constitution Licet ab initio, establishing the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, staffed by cardinals and other officials whose task it was " to maintain and defend the integrity of the faith and to examine and proscribe errors and false doctrines ".

If they have been elevated to the cardinalate by the Pope, they use the traditional " His Eminence " like other cardinals ( more properly and formally, " His Beatitude and Eminence ").

If not, there may be other cardinals which are incomparable with aleph-one and larger than aleph-zero.

The order was vigorously defended by the Cardinals Vitalis du Four and Bertrand de Turre ( de la Tour ), Archbishop Arnaldo Royardi of Salerno, and various other bishops, all Franciscans ; other cardinals opposed their views, and the pope leaned towards the opposition.

During this period the antipope, Nicholas V, had nominated six cardinals ( 15 May 1238 ), among them an Augustinian and a Dominican, and between September 1328, and December 1329, three other cardinals ; also among the bishops whom he consecrated were members of the two orders mentioned above.

He was a strong candidate for the papacy, or papabile, in all four conclaves, in which his support lay mostly with Curialists and other conservative cardinals.

Pope Paul III ( 1534 – 1549 ) initiated the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 1563 ), a commission of cardinals tasked with institutional reform, addressing contentious issues such as corrupt bishops and priests, indulgences, and other financial abuses.

He has announced results on Hokan, Penutian, Uto-Aztecan, and almost all other American families and phyla, and has diagrammed their degree of interrelation ; ;

The Service announced that taxpayers making such claims may be called on to furnish a statement from the recipient organization showing the date, purpose, amount and other particulars of the contribution.

The Declaration announced the states ' entry into the international system ; the model treaty was designed to establish amity and commerce with other states ; and the Articles of Confederation, which established “ a firm league ” among the thirteen free and independent states, constituted an international agreement to set up central institutions for the conduct of vital domestic and foreign affairs.

Once these projects have been approved by the United States Air Force or other agencies such as the CIA, and are ready to be announced to the public, operations of the aircraft are then moved to a normal air force base.

The license in favour of BVI Cable was controversial, as the Regulator had announced in advance that only three licenses in total would be issued, and BVI Cable TV had crumbling cable television infrastructure, and was in no position to office cellular telephone services ( and to date, has not offered any cellular telephone services, or anything other than simple cable television ).

In 1994, the prayers announced " allowed " by the 1982 Bishops Council of the Anglican Church of Korea was published in a second version of the Book of Common Prayers In 2004, the National Anglican Council published the third and the current Book of Common Prayers known as " seoung-gong-hwe gi-do-seo " or the " Anglican Prayers ", including the Daily Masses, Special Masses, Baptism, Confirmation, Funeral Mass, Wedding Mass, Rite of Ordination Mass, and all of the other events the Anglican Church of Korea celebrates.

However, in October 2004, the Cuban government announced an end to this policy: from November US dollars would no longer be legal tender in Cuba, but would instead be exchanged for convertible pesos ( since April 2005 at the exchange rate of $ 1. 08 ) with a 10 % tax payable to the state on the exchange of US dollars cash — though not on other forms of exchange.

After publishing its own edition in 1979, the First Presidency announced in 1992 that the KJV was the church's official English Bible, stating " hile other Bible versions may be easier to read than the King James Version, in doctrinal matters latter-day revelation supports the King James Version in preference to other English translations.

In 2005 Harlem Hospital announced a $ 2 million project to conserve Alston's murals and three other pieces in the original commissioned project as part of a $ 225 million dollar hospital expansion.

On March 15, 2004, Amiga, Inc. announced that on April 23, 2003 it had transferred its rights over past and future versions of the Amiga OS ( but not over other intellectual property ) to Itec, LLC, later acquired by KMOS, Inc., a Delaware company.

In Blockburger v. United States ( 1932 ), the Supreme Court announced the following test: the government may separately try and punish the defendant for two crimes if each crime contains an element that the other does not.

In 2005, Gerald Casale announced his " solo " project, Jihad Jerry & the Evildoers ( the Evildoers themselves including the other members of Devo ), and released the first EP, Army Girls Gone Wild in 2006.

The nation's other recently announced treasure is the Hajigak iron ore mine, located 130 miles west of Kabul and is believed to hold an estimated 1. 8 billion to 2 billion metric tons of the mineral used to make steel.

In 1976, while other teams of mathematicians were racing to complete proofs, Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken at the University of Illinois announced that they had proven the theorem.

The Brigades are locally organized and have been said to suffer from poor cohesion and internal discipline, at times ignoring ceasefires and other initiatives announced by the central Fatah leadership.

In April 2006, Scottish & Newcastle plc announced that it had agreed to acquire the Foster ’ s brand in Europe ( including Turkey ), the Russian Federation and other countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States from Foster ’ s Group Limited for approximately £ 309 million.

This theory proceeds from the idea of atomic valence, especially the tetravalence of carbon ( which Kekulé announced late in 1857 ) and the ability of carbon atoms to link to each other ( announced in a paper published in May 1858 ), to the determination of the bonding order of all of the atoms in a molecule.

In February 2008 Helen Clark, the New Zealand Prime Minister at that time, announced a government crackdown on tagging and other forms of graffiti vandalism, describing it as a destructive crime representing an invasion of public and private property.

On 5 May 2009, President Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup which followed the 22 December 2008 death of President Lansana Conté, announced the recall of 30 of Guinea's ambassadors to other countries.

At least one other TSR product was announced -- Metamorphosis Alpha to Omega, an adaptation of Metamorphosis Alpha's campaign setting to Gamma World's rules ( Anon 1981 ).

::: The King may bestow orders upon whomever he pleases as a reward for distinguished services, and such orders must be publicly announced, but no rank or title other than that attached to any office.

Microsoft announced that they have discontinued the separate release of WinFS for Windows XP and Windows Vista and will gradually incorporate the technologies developed for WinFS in other products and technologies, notably Microsoft SQL Server.

However, after a day of hard negotiations with the other parties in Parliament, Samaras officially announced he was giving up the mandate to form a government.