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The paternal origin of the genetic material that is affected in the syndrome is important because the particular region of chromosome 15 involved is subject to parent of origin imprinting, meaning that for a number of genes in this region only one copy of the gene is expressed while the other is silenced through imprinting.
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paternal and origin
This group of epigenetic changes that depend on the chromosome's parent of origin ( including both those that affect gene expression and those that do not ) are called parental origin effects, and include phenomena such as paternal X inactivation in the marsupials, nonrandom parental chromatid distribution in the ferns, and even mating type switching in yeast.
The gametes will normally end up with 23 chromosomes, but the origin of any particular one will be randomly selected from paternal or maternal chromosomes.
His paternal grandfather, Marcus Salvius Otho, whose father was a Roman knight but whose mother was of lowly origin and perhaps not even free-born, was raised in Livia's household and rose to senatorial rank through her influence, although he did not advance beyond the rank of praetor.
In 75 % of cases, the inactivated X chromosome is of paternal origin.
His paternal grandfather Joseph was of English origin.
The names of actors Cyrus Gorjestani and Sima Gorjestani, as well as the late Nematollah Gorji, suggest that they are / were ( at least from the paternal side ) of Georgian origin.
Little Hangleton is a fictional Muggle village notable as the place of origin of Voldemort's maternal and paternal ancestors, and as the place where he was restored to bodily form in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
His family was Irish, of mixed Italian and Spanish / Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin on his father's side ( his grandfather Jacob Genese, properly Ginesi, had adopted the family name Bernal of his paternal grandmother around 1837 ).
The origin of paternal lineages remains difficult to prove because modern science is unable to extract Y-DNA haplogroups from Paleolithic samples.
The study suggested that the mutation was of relatively recent origin: the founder of the mutated gene may have been a stallion who was both the paternal grandfather and maternal great grandfather of the affected foal, as all the ponies who tested positive for the mutation are direct descendants of this stallion.
In the study of Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba.
Morell's paternal ancestry was of Frisian origin prior to the 12th century.
The deleted chromosome 5 is paternal in origin in about 80 % of de novo cases.
A century later the Nogai's were led by Edigu, a commander of Manghit paternal origin and Jochid maternal origin, who founded the Nogai dynasty.
It was determined that Burghers were defined as those whose father was born in Sri Lanka, with at least one European ancestor on one's direct paternal side, regardless of the ethnic origin of one's mother, or what other ethnic groups may be found on the father's side.
The origin of the family name is Maalouf and is of Lebanese descent ; the family is Lebanese via their paternal grandfather.
He has been Business Director and then CEO and at present he is the Vice President of “ Illycaffe SpA ”-a company founded in 1933 by his paternal grandfather, who was of Hungarian origin — which today is present in over 140 countries.
paternal and genetic
Advanced paternal age has been linked to a somewhat increased chance of bipolar disorder in offspring, consistent with a hypothesis of increased new genetic mutations.
Geneticists state: Not all Native Americans have been tested ; especially with the large number of deaths due to disease such as small pox, it is unlikely that Native Americans only have the genetic markers they have identified, even when their maternal or paternal bloodline does not include a non-Native American.
The details of this process are not well understood, but genetic fingerprinting showed that the pups had no paternal genetic contribution, ruling out sperm storage.
Prader – Willi syndrome (; abbreviated PWS ) is a rare genetic disorder in which seven genes ( or some subset thereof ) on chromosome 15 ( q 11 – 13 ) are deleted or unexpressed ( chromosome 15q partial deletion ) on the paternal chromosome.
It occurs as a sporadic mutation in approximately 75 % of cases ( associated with advanced paternal age ) or may be inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic disorder.
Male apomixis ( paternal apomixis ) involves replacement of the genetic material of the egg cell by that from the pollen.
In modern times, Hakubun Shimomura argued that the Chrysanthemum Throne should be inherited only by those whose paternal ancestors had held it, to preserve a genetic bloodline.
Although a male-line relationship is suggested by the fact that Louis II and Rainer III shared the last name Grimaldi, this actually resulted from Prince Pierre taking his wife's maiden surname as his own surname, which is a form of " false paternal event " ( a situation in which a male's surname differs from that of his genetic father ).
This reflects all the genetic contributions to a population's phenotypic variance including additive, dominant, and epistatic ( multi-genic interactions ), as well as maternal and paternal effects, where individuals are directly affected by their parents ' phenotype ( such as with milk production in mammals ).
( 2003 ), genetic drift could be responsible for the contrasting difference in Northwest African ancestry detected with maternal ( 51 % of Northwest African lineages ) and paternal markers ( 0. 3 – 10 % of Northwest African lineages ) in La Gomera.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( of which schizoaffective disorder is a part ) have been marginally linked to advanced paternal age at the time of conception, a known cause of genetic mutations.
According to an evolutionary psychology hypothesis that assumes that descent systems are optimized to assure genetic high genetic probability of relatedness between lineage members, males should prefer a patrilineal system if paternal certainty is high ; males should prefer a matrilineal system if paternal certainty is low.
Since Honor Harrington's paternal ancestors were " genies ", people genetically engineered ( specifically with the Meyerdahl Beta modification ) to survive on high gravity planets such as Sphinx, she not only benefits from the enhanced intellect associated with that genetic heritage but is even stronger and quicker than non-genies who grow up in the heavier gravity of Sphinx.
Results from a statistical analysis ( 2003 ) of the Y chromosome ( genetic genealogy ) of locals whose paternal grandfather was born within a thirty kilometre radius of the town suggests that there was a significant and unique German / Danish ( Anglo-Saxons ) presence in the area over 1500 years ago but this is not borne out in any documents.
Also possible are the " children of twins " design ( holding maternal genetic contributions equal across children with paternal genetics and family environments ; and the " virtual twins " design-unrelated children adopted into a family who are very close or identical in age to biological children or other adopted children in the family.
The two most common types of genetic genealogy tests are Y-DNA ( paternal line ) and mtDNA ( maternal line ) genealogical DNA tests.
SNP tests are used to assign people to a paternal haplogroup, which defines a much larger genetic population.
Men, in contrast, generally remain fertile throughout their lives, although the risk of genetic defects is greatly increased due to the paternal age effect.
According to Y-DNA genetic testing of her brother, it is likely their direct-line paternal African ancestors came from the Bassa people of Cameroon.
Such studies have found that the effects of maternal / paternal grandmothers on grandsons / granddaughters may vary based on degree of genetic relatedness, with paternal grandmothers having positive effects on granddaughters but detrimental effects on grandsons, and paternity uncertainty may be less important than chromosome inheritance.
paternal and material
The system in effect was a dynastic monarchy but family-elected and aristocratic, in the sense that the royal family chose the most suitable male candidate from close paternal relations — roydammna ( those of kingly material ) rather than the crown automatically passing to the eldest son.
Sidney's maternal grandfather was a small-scale merchant, his paternal grandfather was a rabbi known for his piety and lack of concern for material possessions.
The Bill Douglas Trilogy recounts the harrowing experiences of a young boy, Jamie, growing up in crippling poverty: material and emotional impoverishment ; harrowing privations at the hands of his paternal grandmother ; incarceration in a children ’ s home ; living in a hostel for down-and-outs.
paternal and is
Soon after his father's death Constantius is supposed to have ordered a massacre of his relatives descended from the second marriage of his paternal grandfather Constantius Chlorus, though the details are unclear.
He is of English ( maternal ), Swiss and possibly Native American Modoc Tribe multi-ethnic ( paternal ) ancestry His father, Howard " Pete " Brubeck, was a cattle rancher, and his mother, Elizabeth ( née Ivey ), who had studied piano in England under Myra Hess and intended to become a concert pianist, taught piano for extra money.
Hofstadter is related by marriage to the late evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould: Hofstadter's paternal aunt Shirley Hofstadter was married to Gould's maternal uncle Herbert Rosenberg.
Although there were seven other reigning empresses, their successors were most often selected from amongst the males of the paternal Imperial bloodline, which is why some conservative scholars argue that the women's reigns were temporary and that male-only succession tradition must be maintained in the 21st century.
Although there were seven other reigning empresses, their successors were most often selected from amongst the males of the paternal Imperial bloodline, which is why some conservative scholars argue that the women's reigns were temporary and that male-only succession tradition must be maintained in the 21st century.
As with the seven other reigning empresses whose successors were most often selected from amongst the males of the paternal imperial bloodline, she was followed on the throne by a male cousin, which is why some conservative scholars argue that the women's reigns were temporary and that male-only succession tradition must be maintained in the 21st century.
Hammurabi ( Akkadian from Amorite ʻAmmurāpi, " the kinsman is a healer ", from ʻAmmu, " paternal kinsman ", and Rāpi, " healer "; ( died c. 1750 BC ) was the sixth king of Babylon ( that is, of the First Babylonian Dynasty ) from 1792 BC to 1750 BC middle chronology ( 1728 BC – 1686 BC short chronology ).
Through his paternal grandfather, he is also a descendant of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia.
In insects, imprinting describes the silencing of the paternal genome in males, and thus is involved in sex determination.
Experimental manipulation of a paternal methylation imprint controlling the Igf2 gene has, however, recently allowed the creation of rare individual mice with two maternal sets of chromosomes-but this is not a true parthenogenone.
In germline cells the imprint is erased and then re-established according to the sex of the individual ; i. e. in the developing sperm ( during spermatogenesis ), a paternal imprint is established, whereas in developing oocytes ( oogenesis ), a maternal imprint is established.
It has also been established that X-chromosome inactivation occurs in an imprinted manner in the extra-embryonic tissues of mice and all tissues in marsupials, where it is always the paternal X-chromosome which is silenced.
Each of the resulting chromosomes in the gamete cells is a unique mixture of maternal and paternal DNA, resulting in offspring that are genetically distinct from either parent.
Her paternal great-grandfather, Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Tilghman Moore, owned the house which is now Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum.
He is a Lebanese Australian ; his paternal grandfather, whose family name was Barakat, came to Australia as a child from Zahlé in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon in the 1890s.
Thomas Marshall's paternal grandfather, Riley Marshall, immigrated to Indiana in 1817 and settled on a farm in what is now Whitley County.
Prior to World War I, Gretzky's paternal grandfather Anton ( Tony ) Gretzky immigrated along with his family to Canada via the United States from the Russian Empire ( what is now Grodno, Belarus ).
* Emperor Yozei of Japan is deposed, and succeeded by his paternal great-uncle Emperor Kōkō.
The incidence of 47, XYY is not affected by advanced paternal or maternal age.
Hanks ' mother is of Portuguese ancestry, while two of his paternal great-grandparents immigrated from Britain.
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