Extreme instances of persecution include the pogroms which preceded the First Crusade in 1096, the expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, Cossack massacres in Ukraine, various pogroms in Russia, the Dreyfus affair, the Final Solution by Hitler's Germany, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies and the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.

The following arguments have been based on the content: ( 1 ) It is perceived to be theologically incompatible with Paul's other epistles: elsewhere Paul attributed Jesus's death to the " rulers of this age " ( 1 Cor 2: 8 ) rather than to the Jews, and elsewhere Paul writes that the Jews have not been abandoned by God for " all Israel will be saved " ( Rom 11: 26 ); According to 1 Thes 1: 10, the wrath of God is still to come, it is not something that has already shown itself ( 2 ) There were no extensive historical persecutions of Christians by Jews in Palestine prior to the first Jewish war ( 3 ) The use of the concept of imitation in 1 Thes.

Due to doubts concerning the status of persons claiming to be Kohanim or Levi ' im arising after severe Roman / Christian persecutions and exile, the Hebrew Bible tithe of 10 % for the Levites, and " tithe of the tithe " ( Nehemiah 10: 38 ) of 10 % of 10 % ( 1 %) for the priests are dealt with in accordance with Jewish Law.

Major component of Jewish history, persecutions have been committed by Seleucids, ancient Greeks, Christians ( Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox ), Muslims, Nazis, etc.

Within these territories the Jewish community flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecutions.

This resulted in the engagement of Jews in a variety of competing ways within the countries where they lived ; these included the struggle for Jewish emancipation, involvement in new Jewish political movements, and later, in the face of continued persecutions in late nineteenth century Europe, the development of a Jewish Nationalism.

Beginning with the words: " When King Nimrod went out to the fields / Looked at the heavens and at the stars / He saw a holy light in the Jewish quarter / A sign that Abraham, our father, was about to be born ", the song gives a poetic account of the persecutions perpetrated by the cruel Nimrod and the miraculous birth and deeds of the savior Abraham.

Września's had a large Jewish community which is mentioned as one of the congregations which suffered severely during the persecutions of the years 1648-1651.

While persecutions began to increase under the threats posed by Romanian fascist movements such as the Iron Guard, it was World War II that brought an end to Jewish presence in Gura Humorului.

The numbers of such suits soared when the Nazi government imposed new discriminations and persecutions ( Nuremberg Laws 1935, November Pogrom 1938, and systematic deportations of Jewish Germans and Gentile Germans of Jewish descent to concentration camps, 1941 ).< ref > The " Institute for Genetics and Racial Hygienics " in Frankfurt upon Main delivered 448 medical evidences for paternity suits aiming for reclassification in Frankfurt and its environs.

In the seventh century the Jewish population was largely augmented by Spanish Jewish immigrants, who, fleeing from the persecutions of the Visigothic king Sisebut² and his successors, escaped to the Maghreb and settled in the local Byzantine cities.

Christian sources interpret the event as a martyrdom at Jewish hands-the site for his execution, Najran, being said to have been chosen on the advice of a rabbi, but indigenous sources do not mention persecutions on the grounds of faith, and it may have been merely to deter the extension of Byzntine influence.

Some of the observances of this day resemble those of shiva, such as sitting on a low chair and not greeting people, while other observances reflect the theme of loss: the removal of the curtain from the ark, the lowered lighting in the synagogue, and the recital of Kinnot ( elegies over the persecutions of Jewish communities throughout history ).

This lesson was embedded into the Jewish national consciousness because it became their " mental framework " and means of rationalizing the persecutions against them over the centuries.

Religious persecutions took place in Bulgaria, directed against the Christian Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant churches as well as the Muslim, Jewish and others in the country.

Elena, who was Jewish, avoided the first wave of official anti-Semitic persecutions at the end of the 1930s ( under the Octavian Goga government ) by converting to the Romanian Orthodox Church ( she was baptized by the socialist sympathiser Gala Galaction ).

Hundreds of Jewish communities were destroyed by violence in the Black Death persecutions.

The call for the First Crusade touched off new persecutions of Jews in which peasant crusaders from France and Germany attacked Jewish communities.

The onset of the European war by Nazi Germany involved the lethal mass persecutions and genocide of Jews, later known as the Holocaust, resulting in thousands of Jewish refugees fleeing east.

However, in the seventh century, the Jewish population was significantly augmented by Spanish Jewish immigrants fleeing from the persecutions of the Visigothic king Sisebut and his successors.

According to " later accounts, more or less trustworthy ", Fabian sent out the " apostles to the Gauls " to Christianize Gaul after the persecutions under Emperor Decius had all but dissolved the small Christian communities.

Saint Saturnin of Toulouse (,,,, and,, and ), with a feast day entered for November 29, was one of the " Apostles to the Gauls " sent out ( probably under the direction of Pope Fabian, 236-250 ) during the consulate of Decius and Gratus ( 250-251 ) to Christianize Gaul after the persecutions under Emperor Decius had all but dissolved the small Christian communities.

*" The Puritan communities of New England were thoroughly democratic, and this proves that democracy, in the sense of government by the consent of the majority, is not at all inseparable from liberty, in the sense of tolerance of dissent ; and may be accompanied by intransigent doctrinairism and persecutions of non-conformism.

The persecutions in several Austrian towns are explicitly described in a 16th century script called Vienna Geserah.

Small number of Jews, settled in Russian and Ukrainian towns suffered occasional persecutions, owing to religious fanaticism, but on the whole relations between the Jews and Christians were satisfactory and the former suffered no legal limitations.

They were a Huguenot ( French Protestant ) family who fled to New York about 1687 to avoid the religious persecutions of King Louis XIV.

Following the persecutions of Daimyo Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the subsequent closing of Japan to foreigners, the Christians of Japan were forced to go underground and developed an independent Christian culture.

From the beginning, Christians were subject to various persecutions.

However, as the persecutions of the Jews increased and the details were in danger of being forgotten, these oral laws were recorded by Rabbi Judah haNasi ( Judah the Prince ) in the Mishnah, redacted circa 200 CE.

Whether persecutions after World War II were more aimed at certain sections of society over and above detractors is a disputed point.

Mormon fundamentalists believe that these principles were wrongly abandoned or changed by the LDS Church, in large part due to the desire of its leadership and members to assimilate into mainstream American society and avoid the persecutions and conflict that had characterized the church throughout its early years.

In the persecutions under Valerian in 258, numerous bishops, priests, and deacons were put to death.

No less severe were the persecutions in Africa, which seem to have begun in 197 or 198, and included the Christians known in the Roman martyrology as the martyrs of Madaura.

In the age of persecutions massive catacombs were carved, whose size is second only to those of Rome.

Similar accusations and persecutions were famously leveled against the author Salman Rushdie.

While biographers such as Ackroyd have taken a relatively tolerant view of More's campaign against Protestantism by placing his actions within the turbulent religious climate of the time, other equally eminent historians, such as Richard Marius, have been more critical, believing that persecutions -- including what he perceives as the advocacy of extermination for Protestants -- were a betrayal of More's earlier humanist convictions.

Buddhist monks from Khotan ( Li ), fleeing the persecutions of an anti-Buddhist king, were given refuge by Kim-sheng about 737.

The persecutions of the German governments and militias worsened in the late 1930s when Hitler had taken power, and the Poles in Warmia were subject to harsher persecution by German authorities and militias, such as attacks on schools and centers.

In return, she came to be blamed for the excessive persecutions carried out under her sons ' rule, in particular for the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572, in which thousands of Huguenots were killed in Paris and throughout France.

The letter also reveals that Hussite immigrants who had undergone persecutions in Bohemia, Moravia, or Hungary were settled in the town and granted privileges by Alexander the Good.

His parents were conversos, or New Christians, Christians who had converted from Judaism to Catholicism in order to avoid the civil persecutions of Jews.

During the persecutions of 1391 many of them were killed, while others accepted Christianity in order to save their lives.

Survivors of the persecutions were overly-influenced by various pagan philosophies either because they were not well indoctrinated in Jesus ' teachings or they corrupted their Christian beliefs ( willingly, by compulsion, or with good intentions but without direct revelation from God to help them interpret said beliefs ) by accepting non-Christian doctrines into their faith.

The remaining Protestants of La Rochelle suffered new persecutions, when 300 families were again expelled in November 1661, the year Louis XIV came to power.

His selichot were inspired by the bloody persecutions of his time.

When the persecutions came to an end, however, they were branded traditores, " those who handed ( the holy things ) over " by the zealous, mostly from the poorer classes.