The oldest known mention of Anubis is in the Old Kingdom pyramid texts, where he is associated with the burial of the pharaoh.

Cyril is counted among the Church Fathers and the Doctors of the Church, and his reputation within the Christian world has resulted in his titles Pillar of Faith and Seal of all the Fathers, but Theodosius II, the Roman Emperor, condemned him for behaving like a " proud pharaoh ", and the Nestorian bishops at the Council of Ephesus declared him a heretic, labelling him as a " monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church.

It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu and was constructed over a 20 year period.

The name Israel first appears in the stele of the Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, " Israel is laid waste and his seed is no more.

27th century BC ( circa 2650 – 2600 BC ) ( Egyptian meaning " the one who comes in peace, is with peace "), was an Egyptian polymath, who served under the Third Dynasty king Djoser as chancellor to the pharaoh and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis.

Perhaps as a result of the pharaoh's role in Pompey's murder, Caesar sided with Cleopatra ; he is reported to have wept at the sight of Pompey's head, which was offered to him by the pharaoh as a gift.

The figure of Osarseph in Hellenistic historiography is a renegade Egyptian priest who leads an army of lepers against the pharaoh and is finally expelled from Egypt, changing his name to Moses.

Little is known about what training may have been required of priests, and the selection of personnel for positions was affected by a tangled set of traditions, although the pharaoh had the final say.

On the first Pylon of the temple of Isis at Philae, the pharaoh is shown slaying his enemies in the presence of Isis, Horus and Hathor.

Herodotus mentions that the Egyptian pharaoh Necho II ( 610 – 595 BC ) built triremes on the Nile, for service in the Mediterranean, and in the Red Sea, but this reference is disputed by modern historians, and attributed to a confusion, since " triērēs " was by the 5th century used in the generic sense of " warship ", regardless its type.

This association with the pharaoh's wife is consistent with the role of Isis as the spouse of Horus, the god associated with the pharaoh as his protector, and then later as the deification of the pharaoh himself.

One pharaoh, Thutmose III, is depicted in his tomb as nursing from a sycamore tree that had a breast.

Usually, however, she is depicted with her young child, Horus ( the pharaoh ), with a crown, and a vulture.

There is evidence of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Amenemhet III in the twelfth dynasty ( about 1800 BCE ) using the natural lake of the Faiyum Oasis as a reservoir to store surpluses of water for use during the dry seasons, the lake swelled annually from flooding of the Nile.

* 567 BC — Former pharaoh Apries invades Egypt with Babylonian help but is defeated by Saite pharaoh Amasis II ( also known as Ahmose II ).

Akhnaten is an opera in three acts based on the life and religious convictions of the pharaoh Akhenaten ( Amenhotep IV ), written by the American minimalist composer Philip Glass in 1983.

The translation of the Greek passage reveals that the inscription is a royal edict recording the benefits conferred on Egypt by the pharaoh Ptolemy V Epiphanes at the time of his coronation.

Today Egyptologists generally agree that Hatshepsut assumed the position of pharaoh and the length of her reign usually is given as twenty-two years, since she was assigned a reign of twenty-one years and nine months by the third-century BCE historian, Manetho, who had access to many historical records that now are lost.

Her death is known to have occurred in 1458 BC, which implies that she became pharaoh circa 1479 BC.

She was successful in warfare early in her reign, but generally is considered to be a pharaoh who inaugurated a long peaceful era.

His immediate successors continued the military campaigns, although an increasingly troubled court — which at one point put a usurper ( Amenmesse ) on the throne — made it increasingly difficult for a pharaoh to effectively retain control without incident.

The Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun had Baltic amber among his burial goods, and amber was sent from the North Sea to the temple of Apollo at Delphi as an offering.

In 1892 he worked under the tutelage of Flinders Petrie for one season at Amarna, the capital founded by the pharaoh Akhenaten.

In the central highlands this resulted in unification in a kingdom with the city of Samaria as its capital, possibly by the second half of the 10th century BCE when an inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Shoshenq I, the biblical Shishak, records a series of campaigns directed at the area.

The cobra supposedly protected the pharaoh by spitting fire at its enemies.

Only the originator ( sometimes called the " pharaoh ") and a very few at the top levels of the pyramid make significant amounts of money.

The name Israel first appears c. 1209 BCE, at the end of the Late Bronze Age and the very beginning of the period archaeologists and historians call Iron Age I, in an inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah.

While all ancient leaders used it to laud their achievements, Hatshepsut has been called the most accomplished pharaoh at promoting her accomplishments.

The precise date of Hatshepsut's death — and the time when Thutmose III became the next pharaoh of Egypt — is considered to be Year 22, II Peret day 10 of her reign, as recorded on a single stela erected at Armant or January 16, 1458 BC.

The Land of Goshen is named in the Bible as the place in Egypt given to the Hebrews by the pharaoh of Joseph, and the land from which they later left Egypt at the time of the Exodus.

But Yahweh causes the pharaoh to pursue the Israelites with chariots, and he overtakes them at Pi-hahiroth.

The Egyptians pursue, but at daybreak Yahweh clogs their chariot-wheels and throws them into a panic, and with the return of the water the pharaoh and his entire army are destroyed ( see ).

He is also portrayed twice in relief, as an adult pharaoh, with his mother on the Temple of Hathor at Dendera.

In Akhenaten: Egypt &# 146 ; s False Prophet, Nicholas Reeves construes the pharaoh &# 146 ; s religious reformations as attempts at the centralization of his power and solidification of his role as &# 8220 ; divine monarch .&# 8221 ;

The funerary cult surrounding this monument, well known in the New Kingdom, was still functioning several generations after its establishment at the temple, leading some scholars to suggest that it may have contained the royal burial chamber of the pharaoh himself.

This pharaoh also built at least three shrines within the temple compound, where worship is associated with those deities to whom they were dedicated.

In various reliefs at Edfu, Dendera, and Behbeit, Nephthys is depicted receiving lavish beer-offerings from the Pharaoh, which she would " return ", using her power as a beer-goddess " that pharaoh may have joy with no hangover.

By at least the Twelfth dynasty she was overshadowed as Amun's consort by Mut, but she remained locally important in the region of Thebes where Amun was worshipped, and there she was seen as a protector of the pharaoh.

The pharaoh Hatshepsut had the ancient temple to Mut at Karnak rebuilt during her rule in the Eighteenth Dynasty.

In the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty, the Nubian pharaoh Shabaka would transcribe on a stela known as the Shabaka Stone, an old theological document found in the archives of the library of the temple of the god at Memphis.

This symbolic representation was often carved at the base of seated statues of the pharaoh.