The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been said to have taken nearly all of his political philosophy from Aristotle.

* 1770 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher ( d. 1831 )

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

As a philosopher, Dietzgen had constructed the theory of dialectical materialism independently of Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Friedrich August Hayek CH (; 8 May 189923 March 1992 ), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek, was a British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism.

Portrait by Friedrich Engels. Johann Kaspar Schmidt ( October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856 ), better known as Max Stirner ( the nom de plume he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow, in German ' Stirn '), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary fathers of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism.

The thought of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been influential in individualist anarchism specifically in thinkers such as the French Émile Armand, the Italian Renzo Novatore, the Colombian Biofilo Panclasta, and also " translations of Nietzsche's writings in the United States very likely appeared first in Liberty, the anarchist journal edited by Benjamin Tucker ".

Another influence was the thought of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

* 1743 – Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, German philosopher ( d. 1819 )

* 1775 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher ( d. 1854 )

Kurt Friedrich Gödel (; ; April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978 ) was an Austrian American logician, mathematician, and philosopher.

* 1899 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian-bEnglish economist and philosopher, Nobel laureate ( d. 1992 )

In particular, reaction to the philosopher Hegel's ( 1770 – 1831 ) ) dialectic view of civilization and history from Friedrich Nietzsche and Søren Kierkegaard.

* 1820 – Friedrich Engels, German philosopher ( d. 1895 )

Nihilism is often associated with the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who provided a detailed diagnosis of nihilism as a widespread phenomenon of Western culture.

* 1844 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher ( d. 1900 )

For example, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued, in the § 133 of his The Dawn, that in such cases compassionate impulses arise out of the projection of our identity unto the object of our feeling.

A group of radical socialist Australians in the 1890s voluntarily went to create a failed master-planned community, known as Nueva ( New ) Australia ; and Elisabeth Nietzsche, a German racial ideologist and sister of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche came to Paraguay in her attempt to build a colony, Nueva Germania ( Neues Deutschland ) devoted to a hypothetical pure white " Nordic " society in the 1890s.

The German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause ( 1781 – 1832 ) seeking to reconcile monotheism and pantheism, coined the term panentheism (" all in God ") in 1828.

In this latter premise, Heidegger shares an affinity with the late Romantic philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, another principal forerunner of Post-structuralist and Postmodernist thought.

It was greatly influenced by the writings of Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche in the 19th century and other early-to-mid 20th-century philosophers, including phenomenologists Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, structuralist Roland Barthes, and the language / logic philosopher, Ludwig Wittgenstein.

In Human, All Too Human, philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued that " Zeus did not want man to throw his life away, no matter how much the other evils might torment him, but rather to go on letting himself be tormented anew.

In addition the philosopher Schopenhauer ( 1788 – 1860 ) ( The World as Will and Idea, 1819 ) called into question the previous optimism, and his ideas had an important influence on later thinkers, including Nietzsche.

Förster-Nietzsche introduced Steiner into the presence of the catatonic philosopher ; Steiner, deeply moved, subsequently wrote the book Friedrich Nietzsche, Fighter for Freedom.

It is hard to think of a great philosopher, at least since Nietzsche, whose work is equally pervaded by theological considerations.

* August 25 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher and writer ( b. 1844 )

* October 15 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher ( d. 1900 )

He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1930 to 1933, during which time he fell under the influence both of the poet A. E. Housman, then Professor of Latin at the university, and of the writings of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

The 19th century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche gives prominent focus to what he terms " the Brotherhood of Assassins ", in section 24 of On the Genealogy of Morality.

According to Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philologist and philosopher, and Constantine Paparrigopoulos, a major Greek historian, Demosthenes was a student of Isocrates ; according to Cicero, Quintillian and the Roman biographer Hermippus, he was a student of Plato.

In the early 1950s, Foucualt came under the influence of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who would remain a core influence on his work throughout his life.

In August 1953, Foucault and Barraqué went on a holiday to Italy, where the philosopher immersed himself in Untimely Meditations ( 1873 – 1876 ), a collection of four essays authored by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche ( 1844 – 1900 ).

* 1803 – Flora Tristan, French philosopher ( d. 1844 )

John Abercrombie FRSE FRCSE FRCPE ( 12 October 1780, Aberdeen – 14 November 1844, Edinburgh ) was a Scottish physician and philosopher.

* August 25 — Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher and philologist ( born 1844 )

In the 1844 preface to his main work, World as Will and Representation, the philosopher Schopenhauer refers to Hegel as a " spiritual Caliban ".

In the Polish language the term was popularised in a sense close to the present one by Polish philosopher Karol Libelt, and became widespread in Polish science after the publication of his O miłości ojczyzny ( On Love of the Fatherland ) in 1844, in which he defines " inteligencja " to be those well-educated members of the population who undertake to lead the people as scholars, teachers, clergy, engineers, and who guide for the reason of their higher enlightenment.

Edward Carpenter ( 29 August 1844 – 28 June 1929 ) was an English socialist poet, socialist philosopher, anthologist, and early gay activist.

The popular definition of this word was first given by Alfred V. Espinas ( 1844 – 1922 ), the French philosopher and sociologist and the forerunner of the modern Polish school of the science of efficient action.

Strang, who once described himself as a " cool philosopher " and a freethinker, became a Baptist minister but left in February 1844 to join the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.

Heinrich Christoph Wilhelm von Sigwart ( August 31, 1789 – November 16, 1844 ) was a German philosopher and logician.

He was the son of philosopher Heinrich Christoph Wilhelm Sigwart ( August 31, 1789-November 16, 1844 ).

From 1842 to 1844, the German social philosopher Friedrich Engels lived there and wrote his influential book Condition of the Working Class in England ( 1845 ).

Katherine Louisa ( 1844 – 74 ) married John Russell, Viscount Amberley ; mother of the philosopher Bertrand Russell ( a noted agnostic )

The Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard also influenced the humanistic, existential, and modern psychological schools with his works The Concept of Anxiety ( 1844 ) and The Sickness Unto Death ( 1849 ).

Fascinated by the metaphysical views of the philosopher Friedrich Rohmer ( 1814-1856 ), a man who attracted little other attention, he endeavoured in Psychologische Studien der Staat und Kirche ( 1844 ) to apply them to political science generally, and in particular as a panacea for the constitutional troubles of Switzerland.

* William Wallace ( philosopher ) ( 1844 – 1897 ), Scottish philosopher

Henry Denifle, ( Heinrich Seuse Denifle, 1844 – 1905 ), the Austrian philosopher, paleographer, and historian, was a student of Zigliara's at the College of St. Thomas Aquinas after his ordination in Graz in 1866.

Philosophical Fragments ( Danish title: ) was a Christian philosophic work written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1844.

Begrebet Angest ( The Concept of Anxiety ) is a philosophical work written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1844.