Klystrons can be found at work in radar, satellite and wideband high-power communication ( very common in television broadcasting and EHF satellite terminals ), medicine ( radiation oncology ), and high-energy physics ( particle accelerators and experimental reactors ).

Although Newtonian physics made a clear distinction between weight and mass, the term weight continued to be commonly used when people meant mass.

Although he graduated from high school, Tange's poor results in mathematics and physics meant that he had to pass entrance exams to qualify for admission to the prestigious universities.

This is meant to enrich students understanding of physics, and allow for more detail to be taught in subsequent high school biology, and chemistry classes ; it also aims to increase the number of students who go on to take 12th grade physics or AP Physics, which are generally elective courses in American high schools.

Others test experimental concepts or are physics experiments meant to gain fundamental knowledge of the processes and materials involved in nuclear detonations.

From the mid-19th century, when it became increasingly unusual for scientists to contribute to both physics and chemistry, it just meant physics, and is still used in that sense in degree titles at the University of Oxford.

is meant to indicate the physical space ( usually, d = 3 for standard physics ) and the extra dimension in is " imaginary " time.

With the book, and in its subtitle, Oettingen also coined the word, and established the concept, of Sozialethik (" Social Ethics "), meant as a counter to Auguste Comte's " social physics " concept and as the establishment of a non-personal, non-individualistic ethics ; this is what Protestant ethics as taught in German universities is still called.

The logo is meant to represent the light cone diagram used in special relativity to show locations that are in causality ( physics ) | causal contact and those that are not.

Instead, engineering science / physics is meant to provide a more thorough grounding in applied physics for a selected specialty such as optics, quantum physics, materials science, applied mechanics, nanotechnology, microfabrication, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, biophysics, control theory, aerodynamics, energy, solid-state physics, etc.

Since the United States has also not tested nuclear weapons since 1992, this leaves the task of its stockpile maintenance resting on the use of simulations ( using non-nuclear explosives tests and supercomputers, among other methods ) and applications of scientific knowledge about physics and chemistry to the specific problems of weapons aging ( the latter method is what is meant when various agencies refer to their work as " science-based ").

The volatility of the characters, coupled with the rich physics and impossible-to-predict fighting system, meant that the game could be played in many different ways, though it could also lead to problems ( such as an important character being killed early on and rendering the game unfinishable ).

Vitally, the combination of graphics and physics meant players could actually " feel " whether they were driving fast or slow, and could predict how the car would respond.

In 1996 he was one of the journal's editors who published a paper by Alan Sokal professing to show connections between physics and post-modern theory, and which was later revealed by Sokal to be a hoax meant to expose the low academic standards of " post-modernism " ( see Sokal affair ).

The Rare Symmetry Violating Processes ( RSVP ) was a physics project terminated by the National Science Foundation, in August, 2005, originally meant for construction in the same year, at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island.

This is meant to enrich students understanding of physics, and allow for more detail to be taught in subsequent high school biology, and chemistry classes ; it also aims to increase the number of students who go on to take 12th grade physics or AP Physics ( both of which are generally electives in American high schools.

* Pocket realities are usually presented in the Marvel Universe as either comparatively small reachable but separate " dimensions ", such as realms of magic with recurrently greatly diverging laws of physics, or as contained within / linked to outwardly small objects with tesseract qualities, that make them far larger on the inside than the outside, such as the ( from inside apparently full-sized ) universe within the Soul Gem or the Heroes Reborn sphere.

" For the operator, only a small amount of training and experience is necessary, and a knowledge of physics, though desirable on general grounds, is not essential …. the apparatus is comparatively cheap and portable, and preparation of the patient need take no more than a minute.

2009 < http :// www. ps. uci. edu / physics / news / lankford. html >.</ ref > The top quark was the very last quark to be observed, mostly due to its comparatively high mass.

The units gram and centimetre remain useful as prefixed units within the SI system, especially for instructional physics and chemistry experiments, where they match the small scale of table-top setups.

In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described as the apparent bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings.

The harmonic oscillator model is very important in physics, because any mass subject to a force in stable equilibrium acts as a harmonic oscillator for small vibrations.

* While the seemingly " exotic " behavior of matter posited by quantum mechanics and relativity theory become more apparent when dealing with particles of extremely small size or velocities approaching the speed of light, the laws of classical Newtonian physics remain accurate in predicting the behavior of the vast majority of " large " objects ( on the order of the size of large molecules or bigger ) at velocities much smaller than the velocity of light.

Large and small distance scales, as well as strong and weak coupling strengths, are quantities that have always marked very distinct limits of behavior of a physical system in both classical field theory and quantum particle physics.

In physics the term theory is generally used for a mathematical framework — derived from a small set of basic postulates ( usually symmetries, like equality of locations in space or in time, or identity of electrons, etc.

To date, physics has reduced the laws governing the behavior and interaction of all known forms of matter and energy to a small set of fundamental laws and theories.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, quantum mechanics — the physics of the extremely small — has revealed previously concealed aspects of events.

In physics, the fine-structure constant ( usually denoted α, the small Greek letter alpha ) is a fundamental physical constant, namely the coupling constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction.

A small herd of American bison, started at the lab's founding, lives on the grounds symbolizing Fermilab's presence on the frontier of physics and its connection to the American prairie.

* Cluster ( physics ), a small group of atoms or molecules

Because quantum mechanics only reproduces classical mechanics in a statistical interpretation, and because the statistical interpretation only gives the probabilities of different classical outcomes, Bohr has argued that classical physics does not emerge from quantum physics in the same way that classical mechanics emerges as an approximation of special relativity at small velocities.

Originally used in nuclear physics for expressing the cross sectional area of nuclei and nuclear reactions, today it is used in all fields of high energy physics to express the cross sections of any scattering process, and is best understood as a measure of the probability of interaction between small particles.

), there are sources of heading error in the physics that contribute small amounts to the total heading error.

A well known example from physics where regular perturbation theory fails is in fluid dynamics when one treats the viscosity as a small parameter.

Imagine that the action I defined above is invariant under small perturbations ( warpings ) of the time variable t and the generalized coordinates q ; in a notation commonly used in physics,

When the mass is very large like a macroscopic object, the uncertainties and thus the quantum effect become very small, and classical physics is applicable.

The amount of energy released by a single large collision or many small collisions is essentially the same, given the physics of kinetic and potential energy.

According to the modern, quantum-mechanical understanding of the hydrogen atom, the average distance between electron and proton is ≈ 1. 5a < sub > 0 </ sub >,< ref > Modern physics, by Serway, Moses, Moyer, Example 8. 9, p284 The value 1. 5a < sub > 0 </ sub > is approximate, not exact, because it neglects reduced mass, fine structure effects ( such as relativistic corrections ), and other such small effects .</ ref > somewhat different than the value in the Bohr model (≈ a < sub > 0 </ sub >), but certainly the same order of magnitude.

Many believe that the golden years of physics around 1925, when " even small people could do big things " are gone.

In physics, the term theory is generally used for a mathematical framework — derived from a small set of basic postulates ( usually symmetries — like equality of locations in space or in time, or identity of electrons, etc.

Connes has applied his work in areas of mathematics and theoretical physics, including number theory, differential geometry and particle physics.

In chemistry and physics, the atomic number ( also known as the proton number ) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus.

The conventional symbol Z comes from the German word meaning number / numeral / figure, which prior to the modern synthesis of ideas from chemistry and physics, merely denoted an element's numerical place in the periodic table.

In physics and optics, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material, is a measure of the material's dispersion ( variation of refractive index with wavelength ) in relation to the refractive index, with high values of V indicating low dispersion ( low chromatic aberration ).

Within the prevailing Standard Model of particle physics, the number of baryons may change in multiples of three due to the action of sphalerons, although this is rare and has not been observed under experiment.

Some grand unified theories of particle physics also predict that a single proton can decay, changing the baryon number by one ; however, this has not yet been observed under experiment.

The large number of experiments exploring the physics and chemistry of these so-called " colloidal crystals " has emerged as a result of the relatively simple methods that have evolved in the last 20 years for preparing synthetic monodisperse colloids ( both polymer and mineral ) and, through various mechanisms, implementing and preserving their long-range order formation.

While the detailed particle physics mechanism responsible for inflation is not known, the basic picture makes a number of predictions that have been confirmed by observation.

A number of groups have suggested that this could be the signature of new physics at the greatest observable scales ; other groups suspect systematic errors in the data.

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a space or object is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.

However, the complexity of erosion processes and the number of areas that must be studied to understand and model them ( e. g. climatology, hydrology, geology, chemistry, physics, etc.

Category: Particle physics flavour quantum number

The launching of Sputnik in 1957 at the height of the cold war gave rise to a number of intellectually competitive approaches to disciplinary knowledge, such as BSCS biology PSSC physics, led by university professors such as Jerome Bruner and Jerrold Zacharias.

Bohr grabbed him by the shoulder and said: “ Young man, let me explain to you about something new and exciting in physics .” It was clear to a number of scientists at Columbia that they should try to detect the energy released in the nuclear fission of uranium from neutron bombardment.

In particle physics, a fermion ( a name coined by Paul Dirac from the surname of Enrico Fermi ) is any particle characterized by Fermi – Dirac statistics and following the Pauli exclusion principle ; fermions include all quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particle made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei.

The calculation of probability amplitudes in theoretical particle physics requires the use of rather large and complicated integrals over a large number of variables.

Fourier analysis has many scientific applications – in physics, partial differential equations, number theory, combinatorics, signal processing, imaging, probability theory, statistics, option pricing, cryptography, numerical analysis, acoustics, oceanography, sonar, optics, diffraction, geometry, protein structure analysis and other areas.

Moseley's outstanding contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.

In addition, Moseley's methods and analyses made the huge step of placing the concept of atomic number on a firm foundation based in physics.

The model may be based on basic physics of the interactions of the ions and electrons with the neutral atmosphere and sunlight, or it may be a statistical description based on a large number of observations or a combination of physics and observations.