In orbits, the angular momentum is distributed between the spin of the planet itself and the angular momentum of its orbit:

Gauss's method involved determining a conic section in space, given one focus ( the Sun ) and the conic's intersection with three given lines ( lines of sight from the Earth, which is itself moving on an ellipse, to the planet ) and given the time it takes the planet to traverse the arcs determined by these lines ( from which the lengths of the arcs can be calculated by Kepler's Second Law ).

However if the radial-velocity of the planet itself can be distinguished from the radial-velocity of the star then the true mass can be determined.

Small variations in the times of transit for one planet can thus indicate the presence of another planet, which itself may or may not transit.

Instead of saying that humans live on the outside surface of a hollow planet, sometimes called a " convex " hollow-Earth hypothesis, some have claimed that our universe itself lies in the interior of a hollow world, calling this a " concave " hollow-Earth hypothesis.

The following works of fiction deal with the planet itself, with any assumed Martian civilization as part of its planetary landscape.

In the recent Waters of Mars ( an episode set on the planet itself ), the Tenth Doctor implies that the Ice Warriors have become extinct.

The planet is almost as well defended as the Holy planet Terra itself and home to those who worship the ' Machine Spirit.

The curvature of the planet and the volcano itself would obscure such a synoptic view.

It lies in a steam cleaned area inside of a gigantic computer which controls the planet itself.

In theory, it is possible for a magnetic sail to launch directly from the surface of a planet near one of its magnetic poles, repelling itself from the planet's magnetic field.

For example, in " Bread and Circuses " itself, James Kirk and crew investigated the fate of a ship's personnel on a planet while attempting to keep their origins secret even while the planet's rulers were aware.

It ended itself in an apocalyptic explosion so devastating that it changed the climate and geography of the planet as a whole.

In the 22nd century of the fictional Star Trek universe, the Vulcan High Command is apparently a form of military government which controls both the Vulcan space fleet and most of the planet itself.

The Dragaeran Empire controls the majority of the landmass known to it on the planet, and does not greatly concern itself with the rest.

Its atmospheric entry probe provides the first data taken within the planet itself.

Its population was devoted almost entirely to either administration of the Empire or to maintenance of the planet itself.

In probing and examining the oceanic surface of the planet Solaris from a hovering research station the human scientists are, in turn, being studied by the sentient planet itself, which probes for and examines the thoughts of the human beings who are analyzing it.

The other, equally significant argument is that the planet itself contributed to the realization of psychic abilities in its human population, primarily through the star flower or Kireseth.

Due to this process, the entire planet itself was going to explode.

** This version depicted the villain Brainiac as responsible-via-inaction for the destruction of Krypton's people ( though not the planet itself ).

But it is more than irony: one of the main reasons why nationalism is no longer a tenable concept is because it has spread throughout the planet.

This result suggests a very high temperature at the solid surface of the planet, although there is the possibility that the observed radiation may be a combination of both thermal and non-thermal components and that the observed spectrum is that of a black body merely by coincidence.

The received radiation is compared with the radiation from a hypothetical black body which subtends the same solid angle as the visible disk of the planet.

`` The planet is very low in radiation from mineral deposits, and the atmosphere seems to shield out most of the solar output.

Suppose it is something right on the planet, native to it.

An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet.

There is a relatively small addition of flow in the Indian Ocean, with the transport south of Tasmania reaching around 147 Sv, at which point the current is probably the largest on the planet.

In Robert L. Forward's novel Timemaster, the wormhole is a living organism resembling a fourth-dimensional sea anemone, " stretched " to cover the distance between a spaceship and a satellite on the home planet.

The principle it works on, the constant of simultaneity, is analogous in some ways to gravity ... One point has to be fixed, on a planet of certain mass, but the other end is portable.

Scientists dismiss these mechanisms as implausible since, for example, the magnetic field, when measured from earth, of a large but distant planet such as Jupiter is far smaller than that produced by ordinary household appliances.

In Asimov's Empire and Foundation series, the capital planet Trantor of the galactic empire is a completely built-up planet, covered in its entirety with tall buildings and subterranean structures.

* In Lois McMaster Bujold's Vorkosigan Saga novels, the inhabitants of the planet Komarr live in arcologies, because the surface of the planet is inhospitable.

Aberration should also be distinguished from light-time correction, which is due to the motion of the observed object, like a planet, through space during the time taken by its light to reach an observer on Earth.

Aberration is usually larger than a planet's light-time correction except when the planet is near quadrature ( 90 ° from the Sun ), where aberration drops to zero because then the Earth is directly approaching or receding from the planet.

This argument also assumes the mediocrity principle, which states that Earth is not special, but merely a typical planet, subject to the same laws, effects, and likely outcomes as any other world.

This unexpected situation made a strong case for the desirability of studying a planet from orbit rather than merely flying past.

Another change in this version was Jor-El genetically altering his son's fetus ( gestating in a " birthing matrix ") to allow him to leave Krypton ( in this version of the mythos, Kryptonians were genetically " bonded " to the planet itself, not allowing them to leave ), and merely attaching a warp engine to the matrix instead of constructing a ship wholesale.

Since it covers the planet and not merely Oz, the Book's entries are compressed and sometimes cryptic, and difficult to decipher ( as in Paradox in Oz or Queen Ann in Oz ).

* The recording from Springfield Museum mentions Rigel VII as a planet, although it is merely a fictional planet originally from the Star Trek universe, and the apparent home of Kang and Kodos from The Simpsons.

Standing in their way is a nation of eugenically bred warriors called the Chosen, the strongest, most technologically advanced military force on the planet, who believe that all non-Chosen are merely slaves who haven't been caught yet, based on what David Drake considered the reality of S. M. Stirling's Draka universe.

The Tomb of the Cybermen merely states " Telos was their home planet ," seemingly at odds with the statements in The Tenth Planet that Mondas is where the Cybermen have originated.

Only the elders choose to remain on the planet to die, facing the erupting volcanoes, Timanov retaining his faith even in the face of Amyand's revelation that Logar was merely a man in a fireproof suit: " Another deception!