We may thus trace the notion of individual autonomy from its manifestation in religious practice and theological reflection through practical politics and political theory into literature and the arts.

In this connection, it might be noted that the theory of games was a mathematical discovery long before its uses in political science were exploited.

Anthropology has been used in Britain to provide an alternative explanation for the Financial crisis of 2007 – 2010 to the technical explanations rooted in economic and political theory.

They seek to explain why certain beliefs about categories would appear in political science as ideology, in religion as dogma, or in science as theory.

A conspiracy theory explains an event as being the result of an alleged plot by a covert group or organization or, more broadly, the idea that important political, social or economic events are the products of secret plots that are largely unknown to the general public.

The political scientist Michael Barkun discussing the usage of this term in contemporary American culture holds that a conspiracy theory is a belief which explains an event as the result of a secret plot by exceptionally powerful and cunning conspirators to achieve a malevolent end.

In April 1823, US Secretary of State John Quincy Adams discussed the rules of political gravitation, in a theory often referred to as the " ripe fruit theory ".

Hegel, in his Elements of the Philosophy of Right ( 1820 ), gave it a philosophical justification that concurred with evolving contemporary political theory and the Protestant Christian view of natural law.

Ronald Dworkin ( 2005 ) rejects Hart's theory and proposes that all individuals should expect the equal respect and concern of those who govern them as a fundamental political right.

Rén is the basis of Confucian political theory: it presupposes an autocratic ruler, exhorted to refrain from acting inhumanely towards his subjects.

Referred to variously as the Confucian hypothesis and as a debated component of the more all-encompassing Asian Development Model, there exists among political scientists and economists a theory that Confucianism plays a large latent role in the ostensibly non-Confucian cultures of modern-day East Asia, in the form of the rigorous work ethic it endowed those cultures with.

Far from trying to build a systematic or formalist theory, he wanted his disciples to master and internalize the old classics, so that their deep thought and thorough study would allow them to relate the moral problems of the present to past political events ( as recorded in the Annals ) or the past expressions of commoners ' feelings and noblemen's reflections ( as in the poems of the Book of Odes ).

The Confucian theory of ethics as exemplified in Lǐ () is based on three important conceptual aspects of life: ceremonies associated with sacrifice to ancestors and deities of various types, social and political institutions, and the etiquette of daily behavior.

Modern European conservatives such as Edmund Burke have found the extreme idealism of either democracy may endanger broader liberties, and similarly reject " abstract reason " as a guide for political theory.

Classical liberalism was the dominant political theory in Britain from the early 19th century until the First World War.

" American political scientists John R. Oneal and Bruce M. Russett, well known for their work on the democratic peace theory, state:

The specific relationship between the political leaders and the clergy varied but, in theory, the national and political divisions were at times subsumed under the leadership of the church as an institution.

Most proxies for " grievance "-the theory that civil wars begin because of issues of identity, rather than economics-were statistically insignificant, including economic equality, political rights, ethnic polarization and religious fractionalization.

However, this political restriction is less confining than it may first appear in that the Marxist historical framework is surprisingly flexible, and a rather simple matter to modify an alternative historical theory to use language that at least does not challenge the Marxist interpretation of history.

The Kuomintang issued their own theory of political stages based on Sun Yatsen's proposal though it is limited only to recent history.

Core concepts are: ( 1 ) That critical social theory should be directed at the totality of society in its historical specificity ( i. e. how it came to be configured at a specific point in time ), and ( 2 ) That critical theory should improve understanding of society by integrating all the major social sciences, including geography, economics, sociology, history, political science, anthropology, and psychology.

This version of " critical " theory derives from Kant's ( 18th-century ) and Marx's ( 19th Century ) use of the term " critique ", as in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Marx's concept that his work Das Kapital ( Capital ) forms a " critique of political economy.

" Historian Donald described the speech as a " superb political move for an unannounced candidate, to appear in one rival's ( William H. Seward ) own state at an event sponsored by the second rival's ( Salmon P. Chase ) loyalists, while not mentioning either by name during its delivery.

" Running the ' Machine ' ": An 1864 political cartoon takes a swing at Lincoln's administration — featuring William Fessenden, Edwin Stanton, William H. Seward | William Seward, Gideon Welles, Lincoln and others.

* 1836 – William Godwin, English political writer ( b. 1756 )

" However, his looks proved to be an asset in his personal and political relationships, as his law partner William Herndon wrote, " He was not a pretty man by any means, nor was he an ugly one ; he was a homely man, careless of his looks, plain-looking and plain-acting.

William Reginald Hall, British Director of Naval Intelligence criticized the agreement on the basis that " the Jews have a strong material, and a very strong political, interest in the future of the country " and that " in the Brown area the question of Zionism, and also of British control of all Palestine railways, in the interest of Egypt, have to be considered ".

The death of William III in 1702 once again created a political upheaval as the king was replaced by Queen Anne, who immediately began her offensive against Nonconformists.

The Government Department, whose prominent professors include Stephen Brooks, Richard Ned Lebow, and William Wohlforth, was ranked the top solely undergraduate political science program in the world by researchers at the London School of Economics in 2003.

" However, Whiggery as a political doctrine had little affinity for classical political economy, the tabernacle of the Manchester School and William Gladstone.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was appealing to some economists, sociologists and political scientists ( most notably Walter Bagehot and William Graham Sumner ) who adapted and rationalized the invisible hand by incorporating the popular idea of the survival of the fittest.

After consolidating political and financial support, William crossed the North Sea and English Channel with a large invasion fleet in November 1688, landing at Torbay.

The public role adopted by Sir John Kerr was curtailed considerably after the constitutional crisis of 1975 ; Sir William Deane's public statements on political issues produced some hostility towards him ; and some charities disassociated themselves from Peter Hollingworth after the issue of his management of sex abuse cases during his time as Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane became a matter of controversy.

" William Dever sees this " Israel " in the central highlands as a cultural and probably political entity, but an ethnic group rather than an organized state.

* William Thomas Stead, notable political and social campaigner and journalist, had a home on Hayling Island-Hollybush House.

Oscar Wilde, famous anarchist irish people | irish writer of the decadent movement and famous dandyThe English enlightenment political theorist William Godwin was an important influence as mentioned before.

" William Dever sees this " Israel " in the central highlands as a cultural and probably political entity, well enough established to be perceived by the Egyptians as a possible challenge to their hegemony, but an ethnic group rather than an organised state.

Richard left political authority in England – the post of justiciar – jointly in the hands of Bishop Hugh de Puiset and William Mandeville, and made William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely, his chancellor.

Close advisors Sen. Lewis Cass, a proponent of popular sovereignty as far back as 1848 as an alternative to the Wilmot Proviso, and Secretary of State William L. Marcy both told Pierce that repeal would create serious political problems.

After six years under Sylvester, he spent a final year of apprenticeship in the New York City office of William P. Van Ness, a political lieutenant of Aaron Burr.

* 1977 – William Paul, American attorney, legislator, and political activist ( b. 1885 )

* William E. Connolly: Helped introduce postmodern philosophy into political theory, and promoted new theories of pluralism and agonistic democracy.

Partisan differences began to sharpen on the question of government intervention in the economy, since lower levels of government were largely in Liberal hands, and protest movements were beginning to send their own parties into the political mainstream, notably the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and William Aberhart's Social Credit Party in Alberta.