However, in Bernini's tomb, the vigorous upraised arm and posture of the pope is counterbalanced by an active drama below, wherein the figures of Charity and Justice are either distracted by putti or lost in contemplation, while skeletal Death actively writes the epitaph.

In the Roman Church, positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial power in his person.

On the other hand he states that it is not necessary to go either to Rome or to Avignon in order to seek a decision from the pope, since the triune God is everywhere.

Often the legal vassal of pope or emperor ( either Byzantine or Holy Roman ), they were the real power-brokers in the south until their erstwhile allies, the Normans, rose to preeminence: The Lombards regarded the Normans as barbarians and the Byzantines as oppressors.

In 1080 Henry was excommunicated again, and the next year he crossed the Alps, aiming either to get the pope to end the excommunication and crown him emperor, or to depose the pope in favor of someone more co-operative.

Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the " Fisherman's Ring " by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, whom he first either reconfirms or reappoints.

The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church ( heresy ) or to confusion as to who is the legitimate pope at the time ( see schism ).

Pope Lando ( also known as Landus ) was elected pope in either July or August 913.

St. Cornelius ’ s saintly name means " battle horn ", and he is represented in icons by a pope either holding some form of cow's horn or with a cow nearby.

The monks often put forward candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury, either from among their number or outside, since the archbishop was nominally their abbot, but this could lead to clashes with the king and / or pope should they put forward a different man — examples are the elections of Baldwin of Forde and Thomas Cobham.

Some historians identify the crowning of Charlemagne in 800 as the moment in which the Church started having an international importance in a modern sense, although the temporal power can be traced even earlier to either the Donation of Pepin in 754, or the crowning of Pepin by Pope Zachary in 752 which was the first time a secular sovereign was crowned by a pope.

Teutberga, however, either from inclination or compulsion, now expressed her desire for a divorce, and Lothair went to Italy to obtain the assent of the new pope, Adrian II.

Following this, at least from the beginning of the 16th century, the newly elected pope was carried in state through St. Peter's Basilica on the sedia gestatoria, under a white canopy, with the papal flabella ( ceremonial fans ) to either side.

In the Roman Church, positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial power in his person.

Although the pope thereupon revised the text of the Bull and reissued it under the original date, he incarcerated Bonagrazia and in the Bull " Cum inter nonnullos " ( 12 November 1323 ) declared heretical the assertion that Christ and the Apostles possessed no property either separately or collectively.

Until the pope either formally revokes Christchurch's designation ( which, given its historic status and significance for Dubliners, is unlikely ), or grants cathedral status to another church ( which is much more likely ), the main Roman Catholic church in Dublin will continue to be the " pro-cathedral " ( meaning in effect acting cathedral ), a title officially given to St Mary's Church in 1886, though it used that title unofficially since the 1820s.

The pope treated Mantegna with less liberality than he had been used to at the Mantuan court ; but all things considered their connection, which ceased in 1500, was not unsatisfactory to either party.

Bishops condemned in councils ( like Salonius of Embrun, Sagitarius of Gap, Contumeliosus of Riez ) have no difficulty in appealing to the pope, who, after examination, either confirms or rectifies the sentence pronounced against them.

These fragments of the province of Italy, as it was when reconquered for Justinian, were almost all lost, either to the Lombards, who finally conquered Ravenna itself in 751, or by the revolt of the pope, who finally separated from the Empire on the issue of the iconoclastic reforms.

In many contemporary Christian conspiracy theories, the False Prophet will either be the last pope of the Catholic Church ( groomed and installed by an Alta Vendita or Jesuit conspiracy ) or a guru from the New Age movement or even the leader of an elite fundamentalist Christian organization like the Fellowship, while the Antichrist will either be the president of the European Union or the secretary-general of the United Nations or even the caliph of a pan-Islamic state.

The blessing was followed by a solemn Mass sung either by the pope himself or the first Cardinal Priest.

Whereas Pope Paul's Romano Pontifici Eligendo explicitly required that the new pope be crowned, the new Apostolic Constitution wrote more ambiguously of the inauguration of the pontificate without spelling out specifically by name whether than inaugurating ( i. e., formal ceremonial beginning of ) the pontificate involves either the old enthronement ceremony, the Papal Coronation or the version used since 1978, the Papal Inauguration.

After preparing a case, including the approval of miracles, the case is presented to the pope, who decides whether or not to proceed with beatification or canonization.

After preparing a case, including the approval of miracles, the case is presented to the pope, who decides whether or not to proceed with beatification or canonization.

Frances I, on the other hand, decides on a more simplistic approach and forces the pope to sign the Concordant Of Bologna in 1516, which gave the king power to appoint whomever he wants for bishops and other religious positions and lessened the power of the papacy.

Peter decides to drive to Boston and " kidnap " the pope so that he could tell Francis what a good father and person he is.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

Some speculate that the pope could leave instructions in writing, perhaps in his will, for the appointment to be made known after his death ; but it is difficult to imagine a case in which the pope would consider that his own death would remove the obstacle in the way of publishing the name.

* In case of a double election the pope must exhort the princes to come to an agreement.

The faithful can follow the results of the polls ( usually two in the morning and two in the evening, until election ) by a chimney-top, visible from St. Peter's Square: in a stove attached to the chimney are burnt the voting papers, and additives make the resulting smoke black ( fumata nera ) in case of no election, white ( fumata bianca ) when the new pope is finally elected.

As with almost all monarchies, the executive, legislative and judicial power of government reside in the crown, in this case in the office of pope.

The Bishop of Avignon was chancellor of the university from 1303 to 1475, after 1475 the bishop became and Archbishop, but remained chancellor of the university. The papal vice-legate, generally a bishop, represented the civil power ( in this case the pope ) and was chiefly a judicial officer, ranking higher than the Primicerius ( Rector ).

In 1198 the archbishop, however, had anticipated him and his agents in Rome undermined Gerald's case, and, as the pope was not convinced that St. David's was independent of Canterbury, the mission of Gerald proved a failure.

Matilda also appealed to the papacy at the start of the year, putting forward her legal claim to the English throne ; not unsurprisingly, the pope declined to reverse his earlier support for Stephen, but from Matilda's perspective the case usefully established that Stephen's claim was disputed.

If the new pope is already a bishop, as is normally the case, his election is announced immediately to the people gathered in Saint Peter's Square and he gives them his blessing.

Either a new law was made, in which case the pope then for the first time reserved the right of beatification, or a pre-existing law was confirmed.

" A case example of this form of succession is the papal conclave of cardinals to choose a new pope.

Louis brought his case to the pope ’ s attention in October 1119 at Reims, and forced Henry I to justify his treatment of the exiled boy.

The consistory is a formal meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church, except when convened to elect a new pope ( in which case the meeting is called a conclave, and special rules of membership, procedure, and secrecy apply ).

Pius IX took a personal interest in the case ( Kertzer confirms that the pope helped raise Edgardo ), and all appeals to the Church were rebuffed.

At the request of Israel ben Jehiel Ashkenazi, rabbi of Rome, Obadiah issued a decision in the case of Donina, daughter of Samuel Ẓdarfati, the renowned physician of the pope.

Besides the constant use of the Sedia Gestatoria at the coronation of the pope ( which seems to date from the beginning of the sixteenth century ), etc., it served in the past on different other occasions, for instance when the pope received the yearly tribute of the Kingdom of Naples and of the other fiefs, and also, at least since the fifteenth century, when he carried the Blessed Sacrament publicly, in which case the Sedia Gestatoria took a different form, a table being adjusted before the throne.

There had been antipopes — rival claimants to the papacy — before, but most of them had been appointed by various rival factions ; in this case, a single group of leaders of the Church had created both the pope and the antipope.

The following spring, Sverre sent the still loyal Tore, bishop of Hamar, to Rome to plead his case before the pope.