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Until the pope either formally revokes Christchurch's designation ( which, given its historic status and significance for Dubliners, is unlikely ), or grants cathedral status to another church ( which is much more likely ), the main Roman Catholic church in Dublin will continue to be the " pro-cathedral " ( meaning in effect acting cathedral ), a title officially given to St Mary's Church in 1886, though it used that title unofficially since the 1820s.
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Until and pope
Until 1870, the city of Rome had been controlled by the pope as part of his Papal States.
Until 1991, his membership in the College of Cardinals was kept secret, or in pectore ; this is a formula that has been used when the pope wants to name a cardinal in a country where the Church is oppressed, to protect the safety of the cardinal and his congregation.
Until and either
Until the mid-20th century, anchors for smaller vessels were either scaled-down versions of admiralty anchors, or simple grapnels.
Until the 13th century, icons followed a broadly similar pattern in West and East-although very few survive from this early from either tradition.
Until the 1980s most multihull sailboats ( except for beach cats ) were built either by their owners or by boat builders on a semi-custom basis.
Until 1954, when the uniforms had " Athletics " spelled out in script across the front, the team's name never appeared on either home or road uniforms.
Until 1772, if a defendant refused to plead guilty or not guilty, his trial was delayed from taking place, and he was tortured until he either died or entered a plea.
Until 2000, before being eligible for membership in the Shrine, a person had to complete either the Scottish Rite or York Rite degrees of Masonry, but now any Master Mason can join.
Until 1952, all were also either members of the Peerage or sons of peers and were born beyond Canada's borders.
Until the mid-1980s, when he ceased to be one of France's biggest box-office stars, Belmondo's typical characters were either dashing adventurers or more cynical heroes.
Until 1561 the church had a central tower which either collapsed or was removed, and has been replaced with the current tower over the west door.
Until the early 1960s musicians who played keyboards were generally classified as either pianists or organists.
Until the 8th Academy Awards ceremony ( 1935 ), nominations for the Best Actress award were intended to include all actresses, whether the performance was in either a leading or supporting role.
Until at least 1631 Denis's career was closely linked to that of his older cousin, Ennemond ; so much that contemporary writers referred to either composer by surname only, making no attempt to distinguish between them.
Until the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of Chesapeake was either suburban or rural, serving as a bedroom community of the adjacent cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach with residents commuting to these locations.
Until that time, the only access to the Piccadilly Line was indirect, either via the Victoria Line station or via what was for many years called King's Cross Thameslink and is now the Pentonville Road entrance, and sometimes at peak hours was possible in one direction only.
Until the weirs are either demolished or furnished with effective fish-passes, there is little chance of a population of salmon establishing themselves in this river again.
Until the Protestant Reformation, a chapel denoted a place of worship that was either at a secondary location that was not the main responsibility of the local parish priest, or that belonged to a person or institution.
Until his invention, they had consisted of a leather socket and a heavy steel frame, and either had a heavy cosmetic hand in a glove, a rudimentary mechanical hand, or a passive hook incapable of prehension.
Until fall 2005, promos ended with one of two slogans: either " Because sometimes a picture needs a thousand words " or " Hear the big picture ".
Until his time the steps either side of the isthmus were unsafe, though the plateau could be reached by those who grazed sheep there.
Until the recent building of highways, transport from these plains to either the coast or inland was quite arduous, and thus each locality remained an isolated culture of its own.
Until the advent of the automobile, factory workers lived either close to the factory or in high density communities farther away, connected to the factory by streetcar or rail.
Until then, Franklin did not have the benefit of either the national army or the North Carolina militia.
Until 31 March 1886 passengers travelling west from Osterley & Spring Grove could go to either Hounslow Barracks or Hounslow Town.
Until 1676 little permanent building took place – visitors were obliged either to camp on the downs or to find lodgings at Southborough, – but at this time houses and shops were erected on the walks, and every " convenient situation near the springs " was built upon.
Until and formally
Until our Moscow experience, I had not considered it necessary to prepare any argument formally or informally.
Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.
Until its use was formally discontinued in 2000, it was the sole pseudonym used by members of the Directors Guild of America ( DGA ) when a director, dissatisfied with the final product, proved to the satisfaction of a guild panel that he or she had not been able to exercise creative control over a film.
Until 1991, opposition parties in Taiwan were formally illegal.
Until a head of state or his or her delegate formally accepts a letter of credence, an ambassador-designate does not formally assume diplomatic status, including the possession of diplomatic immunity.
Until the mid-1990s, the paramount leader was able to wield power without necessarily holding any official or formally significant governmental position.
Until the nineteenth century, for many crimes the sentence was mandatory and was formally pronounced in court immediately upon conviction ; but the royal judges and HM government were given powers to exercise the royal prerogative of mercy out of court, in order to mitigate the rigour of the law.
Until 1887, Caroline Astor had been formally known as " Mrs. William Astor ", but with her sister-in-law's death that year, she shortened her formal title to " Mrs. Astor ", as she was then the senior Mrs. Astor, the only remaining one in her generation.
Until 1819 the Jewish community of Warsaw, 90 kilometres to the west, was formally subject to the authority of the Siedlce rabbis.
Until 1980 he also occupied the significant portfolios of finance ( from 1966 ) and development planning ( from 1967 ), which were formally merged in 1971.
Until these so-called " New Territories " were formally incorporated into Greece, they were not permitted to use regular Greek stamps.
Until 1951 it was formally called The Dorsetshire Regiment, although usually known as " The Dorsets ".
Until 1962 the British bank was formally known as the Standard Bank of South Africa, although by then its operations spread across Africa.
Until 1919, the Finnish matriculation exam took place in University of Helsinki and was formally the entrance exam of this university.
Until the college formally separated from the congregation, the congregation ’ s prioress, who served three-year terms, also served as the college ’ s president.
Until the 14th century, the court was formally known as the ' Apostolic Court of Audience '.
Until the moment the republic was formally proclaimed, the Ottoman Empire was still in existence, with its heritage of religious and dynastic authority.
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