The postmodern period began during late modernism ( which is a contemporary continuation of modernism ), and according to some theorists postmodernism ended in the 21st century.

The recent collection of essays in honor of Oden, Ancient & postmodern Christianity: Paleo-orthodoxy in the 21st Century ( Kenneth Tanner, Christopher Alan Hall, eds.

A postmodern style of fantasy fiction that has emerged in the first decade of the 21st century has been dubbed mythpunk by its practitioners, though the term " myth-punk " dates back to the " elf-punk " discussions of the late eighties.

Oborne has argued that much of late 20th / early 21st century disenchantment with politics is due to a postmodern design of political agendas and programmes with subsequent implementation that denies the existence of an ' independent reality '.

Another view, as important to the philosophy of art as " beauty ," is that of the " sublime ," elaborated upon in the twentieth century by the postmodern philosopher Jean-François Lyotard.

The closing years of the 20th century saw controversial postmodern influences entering some parts of evangelicalism, particularly with the emerging church movement.

While the idea of postmodernity had been around since the 1940s, postmodern philosophy originated primarily in France during the mid-20th century.

* Postmodern theatre – originated in Europe in the middle of the twentieth century out of the postmodern philosophy as a reaction against modernist theatre.

It is however in the final third of the 20th century that " the tremendous growth in self-help publishing ... in self-improvement culture " really takes off-something which must be linked to postmodernism itself-to the way " postmodern subjectivity constructs self-reflexive subjects-in-process.

In the 20th century, after having been mostly overlooked for centuries, menippean satire has significantly influenced postmodern literature.

The Black Mountain poets, sometimes called projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or postmodern poets centered on Black Mountain College.

It is the first major postmodern building, opening before Philip Johnson's AT & T Building, and its design has been described as a rejection of the Modernist principles established in the early 20th century.

Critics have traced the use and re-use of such topoi from the literature of classical antiquity to the 18th century and beyond into postmodern literature.

As some sociologists commented on a cultural shift that they believed to correspond to postmodern ways of perceiving reality in the late 20th century, some Christians began to advocate changes within the church in response.

* Black Mountain poets, a group of mid 20th century American postmodern poets

Both modern and postmodern literature represent a break from 19th century realism.

Postmodern theatre is a recent phenomenon in world theatre, coming as it does out of the postmodern philosophy that originated in Europe in the middle of the twentieth century.

The later 20th century saw the rise of postmodern and literary criticism, critical theory, narratology, feminism and other identity politics, and film theory, all which was applied to sonata forms.

The mid-20th century linguistic turn led to a rise in highly philosophical sociology, as well as so-called " postmodern " perspectives on the social acquisition of knowledge.

Architects are rarely requested to work in the style, and though current postmodern architecture includes a much wider range of styles than the modernism associated with the mid 20th century, few architects are known for buildings which could be called " Tudorbethan ".

Beginning with German and French sociologists of the late 19th century, modernization models have been developed to show the sequence of transitions from traditional to modern societies, and indeed to postmodern societies.

Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies.

Approaching the issue from a structuralist and narratological point of view, he has defined irrealism as a " peculiar mode of postmodern allegory " that has resulted from modernity ’ s fragmentation and dismantling of the well-ordered and coherent medieval system of symbol and allegory.

Since then, many artists have embraced minimal or postminimal styles and the label " postmodern " has been attached to them.

Another trend in art which has been associated with the term postmodern is the use of a number of different media together.

While the theory of combining multiple arts into one art is quite old, and has been revived periodically, the postmodern manifestation is often in combination with performance art, where the dramatic subtext is removed, and what is left is the specific statements of the artist in question or the conceptual statement of their action.

Philosopher John Deely has argued for the contentious claim that the label " postmodern " for thinkers such as Derrida et al.

The postmodern era has for its distinctive task in philosophy the exploration of a new path, no longer the ancient way of things nor the modern way of ideas, but the way of signs, whereby the peaks and valleys of ancient and modern thought alike can be surveyed and cultivated by a generation which has yet further peaks to climb and valleys to find.

The writings of Lyotard were largely concerned with the role of narrative in human culture, and particularly how that role has changed as we have left modernity and entered a " postindustrial " or postmodern condition.

In the face of capitalism, Jameson says, " It is safest to grasp the concept of the postmodern as an attempt to think the present historically in an age that has forgotten how to think historically in the first place " ( Jameson 1991, ix ).

One author has suggested that the emergence of postmodern music in popular music occurred in the late 1960s, influenced in part by psychedelic rock and one or more of the later Beatles albums ( Sullivan 1995, 217 ).

The cultural critic Mark Dery has theorized the postmodern archetype of the evil clown in " Cotton Candy Autopsy: Deconstructing Psycho-Killer Clowns " ( a chapter in his cultural critique The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium: American Culture on the Brink ).

Jacques Mallah has released an eprint proposing to debunk quantum suicide and immortality in which he further cautions: " The QS / QI fallacies can threaten to lead to nothing less than a sort of postmodern fanatical religious cult, complete with promises of immortality, suicides ( perhaps by willing suicide bombers ), and murder.

Well-known academic Fredric Jameson has a somewhat more critical view of pastiche, describing it as " blank parody ", especially with reference to the postmodern parodic practices of self-reflexivity and intertextuality.

Jameson says pastiche in the postmodern era has become a " dead language ", " devoid of laughter ", without any political or historical content, and so has also become unable to satirize in any effective way ..

Bernard Lonergan's hermeneutics is less well-known, but in a series of masterly articles, Fred Lawrence has outlined a case for considering his work as the culmination and achievement of the postmodern hermeneutical revolution that began with Heidegger.

In postmodern literary criticism it has also been discussed in relation to race issues in fiction.

Binford has spoken out and reacted to a number of schools of thought, particularly the post-processual school, the behavioural school, and symbolic and postmodern anthropologies.

It has even been argued that much of what is called postmodern today, the latest avant-gardism, should still be classified as modern art.

As well as describing certain tendencies of contemporary art, postmodern has also been used to denote a phase of modern art.

The close of the period of postmodern art has been dated to the end of the 1980s, when the word postmodernism lost much of its critical resonance, and art practices began to address the impact of globalization and new media.

A new term has been introduced, postmodern family, which is meant to describe the great variability in family forms, including single-parent families and child-free couples.