* John Locke ( 1632 – 1704 ) English Philosopher.

* Philosopher John Searle suggests that the Western canon can be roughly defined as " a certain Western intellectual tradition that goes from, say, Socrates to Wittgenstein in philosophy, and from Homer to James Joyce in literature ..."

* John Kelly-The Married Philosopher

Philosopher and theologian John E. Hare has noted that some philosophers see divine command theory as an example of Kant's heteronomous will – motives besides the moral law, which Kant regarded as non-moral.

* John Rawls, Philosopher

Philosopher John Rawls concludes in A Theory of Justice that a just society must tolerate the intolerant, for otherwise, the society would then itself be intolerant, and thus unjust.

Philosopher John Rawls, the first treasurer of Whig-Clio ’ s Madison Debating Society

Philosopher John Rawls, in his A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ), developed a " second principle of justice " that economic and social inequalities can only be justified if they benefit the most disadvantaged members of society.

Philosopher John Rawls offered this variant of substantive equality of opportunity, and explained that it happens when individuals with the same " native talent and the same ambition " have the same prospects of success in competitions.

Philosopher John Kekes makes a similar point in his book The Art of Politics: The New Betrayal of America and How to Resist It in which he suggests that there is a danger to elevating any one particular political good – including equality of opportunity – without balancing competing goods such as justice, property rights, and others.

* John Blackmore, " Ludwig Boltzmann – His Later Life and Philosophy, 1900 – 1906, Book Two: The Philosopher ", Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1995.

Philosopher John Searle suggests that, despite the " opaque prose " and lofty claims of Giroux, he interprets the goal of Giroux's form of critical pedagogy " to create political radicals ", thus highlighting the contestable and antagonistic moral and political grounds of the ideals of citizenship and " public wisdom "; these varying moral perspectives of what is " right " are to be found in what John Dewey has referred to as the tensions between traditional and progressive education.

Catholicos St John the Philosopher Odznetsi ( 717-728 ) was born in Odzun, a village in the Tashirq province of the Gugarq state.

Calvinist Political Philosopher, John W. Robbins pointed out in a book printed in honor of Sennholz shortly after his death that " Sennholz, ... rests his defense of a free society on revelation.

* John Dewey: Philosopher of Science and Freedom, Hook, editor, 1950.

Philosopher John Dupré argued that the book overstated the case for biological explanations and argued for a balanced approach.

* Carpenter, A, ( 2011 ), John Theophilus Desaguliers: A Natural Philosopher, Engineer and Freemason in Newtonian England, ( London: Contnuum ), ISBN 1-4411-2778-X ; ISBN 978-1-4411-2778-5

Philosopher John Locke developed an indexing system which served as a model for commonplace books ; for example, it inspired another book, Bell ’ s Common-Place Book, Formed generally upon the Principles Recommended and Practised by Mr Locke nearly a century later.

Philosopher of language John Searle explains the latter by asking readers to consider sentences like " The cat is on the mat ".

* John Joseph Haldane ( Philosopher )

Philosopher Anthony Kenny in The Times Literary Supplement wrote that " Newman's Unquiet Grave is a substantial achievement ... John Cornwell has taken on the task of writing a biography of Newman to make his life intelligible to the largely secular public which in a few weeks will watch on television the ceremony of his beatification.

In addition to its architecture, the original building contains a 30 × 10 inch stained glass window by noted American artist John LaFarge in memory of Thomas Crane, entitled the Old Philosopher.

Philosopher Max Stirner, in his book The Ego and Its Own, was the first philosopher to call himself an egoist, though his writing makes clear that he desired not a new idea of morality ( ethical egoism ), but rather a rejection of morality ( amoralism ), as a nonexistent and limiting “ spook ”; for this, Stirner has been described as the first individualist anarchist.

Also of note is the work of the contemporary Philosopher of Law Ronald Dworkin who has advocated a constructivist theory of jurisprudence that can be characterized as a middle path between natural law theories and positivist theories of general jurisprudence.

Philosopher Pascal Bruckner claimed that " Anti-racism in the UN has become the ideology of totalitarian regimes who use it in their own interests.

That fact has been confirmed explicitly by the papal letter Industriae tuae ( 880 ) approving the use of Old Church Slavonic, which says that the alphabet was " invented by Constantine the Philosopher ".

Philosopher Stephen Maitzen has called this the " Heaven Swamps Everything " theodicy, and argues that it is false because it conflates compensation and justification.

Paul Hsao records Chang Chung-Yuan saying that " Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought.

Philosopher Jürgen Habermas has described Foucault as a " crypto-normativist ", covertly reliant on the very Enlightenment principles he attempts to deconstruct.

Philosopher Richard Rorty has argued that Foucault's ' archaeology of knowledge ' is fundamentally negative, and thus fails to adequately establish any ' new ' theory of knowledge per se.

Philosopher Lynne Rudder Baker has outlined four main contemporary approaches to belief in her controversial book Saving Belief:

Philosopher of religion Keith Ward has said scientism is philosophically inconsistent or even self-refuting, as the truth of the statements " no statements are true unless they can be proven scientifically ( or logically )" or " no statements are true unless they can be shown empirically to be true " cannot themselves be proven scientifically, logically, or empirically.

Philosopher Ayn Rand argued that the notion of a fetus having a right to life is " vicious nonsense " and stated, " An embryo has no rights ... a child cannot acquire any rights until it is born.

Philosopher Murray Rothbard wrote that " no being has a right to live, unbidden, as a parasite within or upon some person's body " and that therefore the woman is entitled to eject the fetus from her body at any time.

But the Character and Philosopher is what he seems to pretend to, and to be a good deal conceited of: the Others are put on to comply with Les Manieres du Monde, but that you are to suppose his real characteristic ; and I can't but fancy he is a great Pretender in All kinds of Science, as well as that he really has acquired an uncommon Share in some '.

Carmy has said that "' Police Philosopher ' was born the day I spied an ad in a professional journal, seeking a professor of philosophy prepared to teach at a local precinct so that the cops could get college credit without having to be on campus.

* Philosopher Ken Wilber has written extensively on this, calling the omniscient view ( or subject – object distinction ) the fundamental modernist paradigm, and cataloging its effects on society, and in the way many subjects have been compressed into a " flat " view by this perspective

Philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger has more recently attempted to revise classical social theory by exploring how things fit together, rather than to provide an all encompassing single explanation of a universal reality.

Philosopher Martha Nussbaum has argued that something is objectified if any of the following factors is present:

Philosopher David Buller agrees with the general argument that the human mind has evolved over time but disagree with the specific claims evolutionary psychologists make.

The entire quote is as follows: " The essential Saltes of Animals may be so prepared and preserved, that an ingenious Man may have the whole Ark of Noah in his own Studie, and raise the fine Shape of an Animal out of its Ashes at his Pleasure ; and by the lyke Method from the essential Saltes of humane Dust, a Philosopher may, without any criminal Necromancy, call up the Shape of any dead Ancestour from the Dust whereinto his Bodie has been incinerated.

Philosopher Thomas Nagel has supported Sokal and Bricmont, describing their book as consisting largely of " extensive quotations of scientific gibberish from name-brand French intellectuals, together with eerily patient explanations of why it is gibberish ," and agreeing that " there does seem to be something about the Parisian scene that is particularly hospitable to reckless verbosity.

In October 2002, a book on Khushal Khan Khattak, Khushal Khan, The Afghan Warrior Poet and Philosopher, has been published.

This concept has been attributed as far back as the Greek Philosopher Epictetus, who is often cited as utilizing similar ideas in antiquity.