The breakthrough year for arabidopsis as the preferred model plant came in 1986, when T-DNA-mediated transformation was first published, and this coincided with the first gene to be cloned and published in Arabidopsis.

As there is no reliable method of determining plant sex before flowering in the sixth to eighth year, and sexual propagation bears inconsistent yields, grafting is the preferred method of propagation.

However, the integrated or mesh bonding schemes are preferred over isolated bonding networks because of the added costs and efforts required to manage, control, and maintain the isolation for the equipment, particularly during equipment upgrade and modifications to the plant.

The ancestors of the even-toed ungulates were omnivores that preferred plant material ; now even-toed ungulates are generally herbivorous, although species in the suborder Suina ( pigs and peccaries ) are, like their primitive ancestors, omnivores.

Schleiden preferred to study plant structure under the microscope.

Long-term survival and conservation of these herbivores depend on the availability of preferred plant species for food.

Although it is clear that he had not actually seen a living plant Simmonds thus preferred to regard the plant as Musa lasiocarpa.

The enema is a preferred route of administration of certain plant extracts, as it is believed they are more effective when administered this way.

The plant is an invasive weed there, and has displaced much of the bamboo which formerly was the preferred material for Soliga artisans.

If juvenile foliage is preferred, cut off all the climbing stems that develop — the plant will remain bushy, rather than climb, and the leaves will be more arrow-shaped.

According to one survey of these societies, a relatively low carbohydrate ( 22 – 40 % of total energy ), animal food-centered diet is preferred " whenever and wherever it ecologically possible ", and where plant foods do predominate carbohydrate consumption remains low because wild plants are much lower in carbohydrate and higher in fiber than modern domesticated crops.

When preferred food items are not available, macaques will dig up underground plant parts ( roots or rhizomes ) or eat soil and fish.

They are thought to play a major role in determining the vegetation of prairie wetlands in particular They also selectively remove preferred plant species, thereby changing the abundance of plant species in many kinds of wetlands.

For the British replacement of the Trident system the option of developing a PWR3 plant based on current US design was under consideration, and in March 2011 Defence Secretary Liam Fox indicated this was the preferred option " because those reactors give us a better safety outlook ".

It may also refer to other methods and cell types, although other terms are preferred: " transformation " is more often used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria, non-animal eukaryotic cells and plant cells-a distinctive sense of transformation refers to spontaneous genetic modifications ( mutations to cancerous cells ( carcinogenesis ), or under stress ( UV irradiation )).

The same pattern holds true for protoceratopsids, indicating that both groups preferred dry, desert-like habitat, and fed mainly on the types of tough, low-growing plant life that grows in arid climates.

Most larvae spin a silken cocoon in the leaves of a preferred host plant or in leaf litter on the ground, or crevices in rocks and logs.

Both disturbed and undisturbed habitats are used by the northern short-tailed shrew, including grasslands, old fields, fencerows, marshy areas, deciduous and coniferous forests, and household gardens, though the preferred habitats are moist with a decent amount of leaf litter or thick plant cover.

Plant cells are surrounded by solid cell walls, therefore transport through plasmodesmata is the preferred path for virions to move between plant cells.

Thus, relatively cooler composting is practiced, and plant materials are preferred over animal materials.

Additionally, cirl bunting ( Emberiza cirlus ) thrived on farms when fields alternated between harvests and hay, but declined where farmers began to plant winter grain crops, natterjack toads ( Bufo calamatus ) declined when reductions in sheep grazing ceased to alter ponds to their preferred shape and depth, and longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris ) declined in the southeastern United States when lack of wildfires prevented its return after timbering.

* Abundant foodplants growing in short, sparse vegetation, where there is abundant dead plant material, bracken is preferred

nor was she moved by a letter from Wright pointing out that if he was not `` compelled to spend money on useless lawyer's bills, useless hotel bills, and useless doctor's bills '', he could more quickly provide Miriam with a suitable home either in Los Angeles or Paris, as she preferred.

The headquarters of Morgan was on a farm, said to have been particularly well located so as to prevent the farmers nearby from trading with the British, a practice all too common to those who preferred to sell their produce for British gold rather than the virtually worthless Continental currency.

There was no implication made that their initial reaction ( absence of an arm-elevation ) was less preferred than the presence of levitation.

Greene was in actuality a young ruffian from Kent, who had broken with his parents in order to keep the company he preferred -- pimps, panders and whores.

Woolfson sang lead on many of the group's hits ( including " Time " and " Eye in the Sky ") and the record company pressured Parsons to use him more, but Parsons preferred " real " singers, which Woolfson admitted he was not.

There were a few reasons for this, one of which was political, as the kings of England preferred to appoint bishops from the south to the northern bishoprics, hoping to counter the northern tendency towards separatism.

Their fighting was tense and they did not retreat when disadvantaged by an advancing opposing force and preferred death over defeat.

However, unlike the Spectrum, the single-keypress keyword-entry was optional, and keywords could be entered manually if preferred.

When the date and other obvious clues were removed no significant results were found to suggest there was any preferred chart.

This was the preferred method for protein consumption over animal husbandry, as it required much more work to defend the kept animals against American Indians or the French.

The takeover bid was successively rejected by the Sensi family, who instead preferred to maintain the club's ownership.

He preferred models he was close to, his brother and the artist Isabel Rawsthorne ( then known as Isabel Delmer ).

The baneful influence of these antiquated principles was clearly shown in the maintenance of Königgratz-Josefstadt in 1866 as a strategic point, which was preferred to the defeat of the separated Prussian armies, and in the strange plans produced in Vienna for the campaign of 1859, and in the almost unintelligible Battle of Montebello in the same year.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá's given name was ` Abbás, but he preferred the title of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ( servant of the glory of God ).

With his wealth, he indulged in custom suits, cigars, gourmet food and drink ( his preferred liquor was Templeton Rye from Iowa

In the 1920s and 1930s almost every major cosmologist preferred an eternal steady state Universe, and several complained that the beginning of time implied by the Big Bang imported religious concepts into physics ; this objection was later repeated by supporters of the steady state theory.

Although she was provided with private art lessons, Potter preferred to develop her own style, particularly favouring watercolour.

Lloyd George offered a degree of support to the Labour government in the hope of winning concessions, including a degree of electoral reform to introduce the alternative vote, but this support was to prove bitterly divisive as the Liberals increasingly divided between those seeking to gain what Liberal goals they could achieve, those who preferred a Conservative government to a Labour one and vice-versa.

It was assumed by the revolutionaries that reactionary and monarchist forces preferred regional languages in an attempt to keep the peasant masses under-informed.

" This term was preferred by those who fought on the anti-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War and is still used by Republicans today.

Their preferred tactic was to avoid an open field battle, and to fight from the cover of a huge fortified camp.

This taste for structural clarity worked its way into the world of music, moving away from the layered polyphony of the Baroque period, towards a style where a melody over a subordinate harmony — a combination called homophony — was preferred.