For example, in the presence of H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > formed by the eosinophil, and either chloride or bromide ions, eosinophil peroxidase provides a potent mechanism by which eosinophils kill multicellular parasites ( such as, for example, the nematode worms involved in filariasis ); and also certain bacteria ( such as tuberculosis bacteria ).

In the presence of a chemical gradient bacteria will chemotax, or direct their overall motion based on the gradient.

Commonly, this term is used to refer specifically to infectious diseases, which are clinically evident diseases that result from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular organisms, and aberrant proteins known as prions.

An infection that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning, such as the presence of the normal bacteria and yeasts in the gut, is not considered a disease ; by contrast, an infection that is asymptomatic during its incubation period, but expected to produce symptoms later, is usually considered a disease.

Interferons ( IFNs ) are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or tumor cells.

For example, a food sample might be analyzed on three different nutrient mediums designed to indicate the presence of " total " bacteria ( conditions where many, but not all, bacteria grow ), molds ( conditions where the growth of bacteria is prevented by, e. g., antibiotics ) and coliform bacteria ( these indicate a sewage contamination ).

Many bacteria cease production of the enzyme in the presence of oxygen.

The protein content of peroxisomes varies across species, but the presence of proteins common to many species has been used to suggest an endosymbiotic origin ; that is, peroxisomes evolved from bacteria that invaded larger cells as parasites, and very gradually evolved a symbiotic relationship.

In January 2006, researchers from the University of Athens analyzed teeth recovered from a mass grave underneath the city, and confirmed the presence of bacteria responsible for typhoid.

The presence of 20S proteasomes in bacteria may result from lateral gene transfer, while the diversification of subunits among eukaryotes is ascribed to multiple gene duplication events.

Thus, presence of high levels of peptidoglycan is the primary determinant of the characterisation of bacteria as gram-positive.

In 1880, the presence of Rhizobium bacteria in the roots of legumes and their use of catalysts explained the increase of nitrogen in soils so cultivated.

In some arthropods, sex is determined by infection, as when bacteria of the genus Wolbachia alter their sexuality ; some species consist entirely of ZZ individuals, with sex determined by the presence of Wolbachia.

The ability to transform daidzein into S-equol is based on the presence of certain intestinal bacteria.

The presence of melanin in the archaea and bacteria kingdoms is an issue of ongoing debate among researchers in the field.

The medical industry also uses the blood of horseshoe crabs as a test for the presence of contaminant bacteria.

Tooth decay is caused by certain types of acid-producing bacteria which cause the most damage in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose.

In the presence of oxygen ( aerobic ), some bacteria may directly oxidize iron to iron oxides and hydroxides, other bacteria oxidize sulfur and produce sulfuric acid causing biogenic sulfide corrosion.

According to Gold and the Soviet geologists who originated the abiogenic theory, bacteria feeding on the oil accounts for the presence of biological debris in hydrocarbon fuels, obviating the need to resort to a biogenic theory for the origin of the latter.

The first written record of Trichuris trichiura was made by Morgani, an Italian scientist, who identified the presence of the parasite in a case of worms residing in the colon in 1740.

A strong family history of uterine cancer, colon cancer, or other gastrointestinal cancers may indicate the presence of a syndrome known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ( HNPCC, also known as Lynch syndrome ), which confers a higher risk for developing ovarian cancer.

Gardner syndrome, also known as familial colorectal polyposis, is an autosomal dominant form of polyposis characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the colon together with tumors outside the colon.

* Isotonic is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.

The presence or absence of an active β-galactosidase may be detected by X-gal, which produces a characteristic blue dye when cleaved by β-galactosidase, thereby providing an easy means of distinguishing the presence or absence of cloned product in a plasmid.

The simultaneous presence of both an updraft and downdrafts marks the mature stage of the storm, and produces Cumulonimbus clouds.

These include Burger's Smokehouse, which cures and processes hams, turkeys, and other speciality meats for shipment all over the world ; Honeysuckle White, a division of Cargill Inc., which produces poultry ; Tana Wire Marker, which produces the brightly colored balls affixed to electrical wires to warn aircraft of their presence ; Arkansas Valley Feather, which processes and markets feather products ; Racker's Manufacturing ( steel fabrication ); Aerosonics ( heating and air conditioning equipment ); Mo-Wood ( cabinets and wood products ); and California Manufacturing ( coats and jackets ).

The presence of fat in the small intestine produces hormones that stimulate the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from the liver for breakdown of fats into fatty acids.

A trigger in the presence of a gate, applied to an Envelope Generator produces a single, shaped voltage.

It can be triggered by a keyboard or by another module in the system that produces a rapidly rising trigger in the presence of a gate.

However, because of the presence of acid animal products and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods in the hunter-gatherer diet — foods that displace base-yielding fruits and vegetables — the diet produces a net acid load on the body, as opposed to a net base load, which may increase calcium excretion.

* Luminol in an alkaline solution with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron or copper, or an auxiliary oxidant, produces chemiluminescence.

Applying a Newton or Picard iteration produces a system of linear equations which is nonsymmetric in the presence of advection and indefinite in the presence of incompressibility.

The presence of the eggs produces a massive allergic response that, in turn, produces more itching.

An explanation is that higher dosage produces more pain and the presence of pain inhibits itch thereby lowering the amount of overall scratching.

Critical characteristics of many biological materials, many enzymes for instance, are measured by starting a chemical reaction that produces a color change that depends on the presence or activity of the material being studied.

Life under the anomaly of an occupation regime produces strange solutions, such as the presence of women alongside soldiers in an effort to ensure a more humane routine.

In the presence of opines, A. tumefaciens produces a diffusible conjugation signal called 30C8HSL or the Agrobacterium autoinducer.

selective bromination produces 2-bromo-3-alkylthiophene, which is followed by lithiation, transmetalation and then Kumada cross-coupling in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

Zam Zam Iran Co has had significant presence in domestic and international markets, and produces over one hundred diverse products including Cola, Lemon, Orange, Lemonade, Mango, Mineral Water, non-alcoholic malt beverage etc.

MTS ( 3 -( 4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl )- 5 -( 3-carboxymethoxyphenyl )- 2 -( 4-sulfophenyl )- 2H-tetrazolium ), in the presence of phenazine methosulfate ( PMS ), produces a formazan product that has an absorbance maximum at 490-500 nm in phosphate-buffered saline.

The peroxide process produces hydrazine, it is a variant of the Raschig process in which hydrogen peroxide is used to oxidize ammonia in the presence of a ketone.

According to this hypothesis, the God gene ( VMAT2 ) is a physiological arrangement that produces the sensations associated, by some, with mystic experiences, including the presence of God or others, or more specifically spirituality as a state of mind ( i. e. it does not encode or cause belief in God itself in spite of the " God gene " moniker ).