It is also affected by the presence of snow, hail and ice and can relate to dew, mist and fog.

Other colors can appear in the presence of light absorbing impurities, where the impurity is dictating the color rather than the ice itself.

Even with the overall warmth, temperature fluctuations should have been sufficient for the presence of polar ice caps and glaciers, but there is no evidence of either.

A competing theory to explain the presence of ice on the equatorial continents was that the Earth's axial tilt was quite high, in the vicinity of 60 °, which would place the Earth's land in high " latitudes ", although supporting evidence is scarce.

:* Species cumulonimbus capillatus ( Cb cap ): Thunderclouds with very high tops that have become fibrous due to the presence of ice crystals ( C < sub > L </ sub > 9 ).

However, the presence or absence of land masses at the poles is not sufficient to guarantee glaciations or exclude polar ice caps.

The presence of snow and ice is a well-understood positive feedback mechanism for climate.

The presence of water ice is supported by spectroscopic observations, which have revealed crystalline water ice on the surface of the moon.

When British scientists in Antarctica performed airborne ice-penetrating radar surveys in the early 1970s, they detected unusual radar readings at the site which suggested the presence of a liquid, freshwater lake below the ice.

Because of the persistent presence of the ice sheet, the island is sometimes taken to be part of Antarctica.

On October 7, 2009, the presence of water ice was confirmed on the surface of this asteroid using NASA ’ s Infrared Telescope Facility.

The presence of ice on 24 Themis supports this theory.

An alternative mechanism to explain the presence of water ice on 24 Themis is similar to the hypothesized formation of water on the surface of the Moon by solar wind.

However, images from Cassini indicate that Phoebe's craters show a considerable variation in brightness, which indicate the presence of large quantities of ice below a relatively thin blanket of dark surface deposits some thick.

Most ice sensors are simple thermal switches, and do not directly sense the presence or absence of ice buildup.

The presence of subfossil bones at Conkling Cave and Shelter Cave in southern New Mexico show that the species was present south of its current range at the end of the last ice age, leading some experts to project that the species could become increasingly vulnerable as global climate change increases the humidity in semiarid regions.

In 1974, when British scientists in Antarctica performed an airborne ice-penetrating radar survey and detected strange radar readings at the site, the presence of a liquid, freshwater lake below the ice did not instantly spring to mind.

There, they are one of the best lines of evidence for the recent presence of liquid water on Mars in the recent geological past, probably resulting from the slight melting of snowpacks on the surface or ice in the shallow subsurface on the warmest days of the Martian year.

Quaoar — a trans-Neptunian object of similar size — has strong water ice absorption features in its spectra but also has a very red color in the visible implying the presence of the ultrared matter on its surface.

The presence of crystalline water ice, and possibly ammonia ice may indicate that a renewal mechanism was active in the past on the surface of Orcus.

Glacial striation and the presence of chalk and flint erratics that originated from the bed of the North Sea demonstrate the influence of ice action on the geomorphology of the islands.

For example, the chemical composition of and the presence of volcanic ash with the specific acidity spikes in the Greenland ice cores presents clear evidence that they are volcanic, not impact, in origin.

The presence of pillow lavas in the oldest preserved volcanic sequences on the planet, the Isua and Barberton greenstone belts, confirms the presence of large bodies of water on the Earth's surface early in the Archean.

When several people are in the room their presence affects the entire group of belts, creating chaotic patterns of interference.

Archaean plate tectonics did not take place on mature crust and as such the presence of thrust-in allochthonous greenstone belts is expected.

These indications include salt-stained depressions of a lacustrine appearance ; traces of former lacustrine shorelines, more or less parallel and concentric ; the presence in places of vast quantities of fresh water mollusc shells ( species of Lymnaea and Planorbis ); the existence of belts of dead poplars ; patches of dead tamarisks and extensive beds of withered reeds, all of these are always on top of the yardangs, never in the wind etched furrows.

The Pioneers also revealed the presence of a thin atmosphere at Io and intense radiation belts near the orbit of Io.

As cargo does not need seats with seat belts or rear windows, presence of those items exempts the vehicle from commercial vehicle status.

These include: discussion of the game ; bloodshot eyes ; marks on the neck ; severe headaches ; disorientation after spending time alone ; ropes, scarves, and belts tied to bedroom furniture or doorknobs or found knotted on the floor ; and unexplained presence of things like dog leashes, choke collars and bungee cords.

* Other apomorphic characters of the order according to Stevens are: the presence of chelidonic acid, anthers longer than wide, tapetal cells bi-to tetra-nuclear, tegmen not persistent, endosperm helobial, and loss of mitochondrial gene sdh3.

Neither the range of objects nor the presence of prestigious dedications proves that Delphi was a focus of attention for a wide range of worshippers, but the large quantity of high value goods, found in no other mainland sanctuary, certainly encourages that view.

Conversely, factors that favor plate columns are: presence of solids in feed, high liquid rates, large column diameters, complex columns, columns with wide feed composition variation, columns with a chemical reaction, absorption columns, columns limited by foundation weight tolerance, low liquid rate, large turn-down ratio and those processes subject to process surges.

The presence of other generalized non-cercopithecids of middle Miocene age from sites far distant — Otavipithecus from cave deposits in Namibia, and Pierolapithecus and Dryopithecus from France, Spain and Austria — is evidence of a wide diversity of forms across Africa and the Mediterranean basin during the relatively warm and equable climatic regimes of the early and middle Miocene.

Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian era indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large ( about 5 mm wide ) and complex as earthworms.

Liquid crystals find wide use in liquid crystal displays, which rely on the optical properties of certain liquid crystalline substances in the presence or absence of an electric field.

Prince has a wide vocal range and is known for his flamboyant stage presence and costumes.

But resistance is not solely determined by the presence or absence of sand ; it also depends on how wide the pipe is ( it is harder to push water through a skinny pipe than a wide one ) and how long it is ( it is harder to push water through a long pipe than a short one.

After 20 years on the rodeo circuit, his distinctive Oklahoma-Texas drawl ( even though he was a lifelong Californian ), his wide eyes and moon face and strong physical presence gained him a role in the western Rocky Mountain ( 1950 ) starring Errol Flynn.

The Irish presence is evident in Irish community activities, Irish pubs ( many of which attract custom by screening Gaelic games ), local GAA sports clubs, newsagents selling a wide range of Irish newspapers, and the annual St Patrick's Day celebrations in the area.

He describes in detail the circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, nervous, and sensory systems in a wide variety of animals but explains that the presence of a soul makes each organism an indivisible whole.

The impact crater formed was approximately 200 m wide and 30 – 50 m deep, and detected the presence of silicates, carbonates, smectite, amorphous carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Senecio vulgaris, often known by the common name Common groundsel, a humble in appearance member of the Asteraceae family and Senecio genus, is a tenacious deciduous annual whose presence now encompasses the globe in a wide area of easy to somewhat difficult growing conditions.

The campus transformation and wide array of academic programs enhanced Jackson State ’ s presence.

An interesting observation made by some of these physicians was the presence of homologous structures in a wide variety of animals which included humans.

Despite the wide variation in coat color, pelts of African Golden Cats can be identified by the presence of a distinctive whorled ridge of fur in front of the shoulders, where the hairs change direction.

When threatened ( presumably in the presence of a nest ), they may raise their wings wide and high in an impressive threat posture and emit a loud hoarse hissing noise.

While the genus Coraciacarus has a wide range of hosts globally, the presence of a representative of the genus on a passerine bird was an " enigmatic phenomenon ".

He considers in detail various physiological systems of a wide variety of animals, but attributes the indivisible whole of an organism to the presence of a soul.

Charter 77 included people who had a wide range of opinions and, after reaching their common goal, the group's presence faded.

Birmingham's economic flexibility was already apparent at this early stage: workers and premises often changed trades or practiced more than one, and the presence of a wide range of skilled manufacturers in the absence of restrictive trade guilds encouraged the development of entirely new industries.

HSAs usually cause a wide variety of hematologic and hemostatic abnormalities, including anemia ; thrombocytopenia ; presence of nRBC, schistocytes, and acanthocytes in the blood smear ; and leukocytosis with neutrophilia, left shift, and monocytosis.

The military and religious ceremonies are held in the presence of the President, the Taoiseach and other members of the Government of Ireland, members of the Oireachtas, the Council of State, the Diplomatic Corps, the Judiciary, relatives of 1916 leaders, next-of-kin of those who died on service with the UN, Northern Ireland representatives and a wide cross-section of the community, including ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen.

This suggests a wide range of detection, potentially indicating a function of broad detection to determine the presence and magnitude of deflection caused by motion in the surrounding water.