Colombia's present constitution, enacted on July 5, 1991, strengthened the administration of justice with the provision for introduction of an adversarial system which ultimately is to entirely replace the existing Napoleonic Code.

Dollfuss staged a parliamentary session with just his party members present in April 1934 to have his new constitution approved, effectively the second constitution in the world espousing corporatist ideas ( after that of the Portuguese Estado Novo ).

In 1772, Rousseau was invited to present recommendations for a new constitution for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the Considerations on the Government of Poland, which was to be his last major political work.

:"... if an organised body is not in the situation and circumstances best adapted to its sustenance and propagation, then, in conceiving an indefinite variety among the individuals of that species, we must be assured, that, on the one hand, those which depart most from the best adapted constitution, will be the most liable to perish, while, on the other hand, those organised bodies, which most approach to the best constitution for the present circumstances, will be best adapted to continue, in preserving themselves and multiplying the individuals of their race.

It has had its present constitution since 1 September 2009.

The National Constituent Assembly overwhelmingly passed the new constitution on August 1, with 96 % of the 645 delegates present voting for it, 2 % against it, and 2 % abstaining.

The National Constituent Assembly overwhelmingly passed the new constitution on August 1, with 96 % of the 645 delegates present voting for it, 2 % against it, and 2 % abstaining.

Under the present constitution, the Prime Minister must be a Member of Parliament.

He argued for three general propositions: that the past revealed an order that could be understood in terms of the progressive development of human capabilities, showing that humanity's " present state, and those through which it has passed, are a necessary constitution of the moral composition of humankind "; that the progress of the natural sciences must be followed by progress in the moral and political sciences " no less certain, no less secure from political revolutions "; that social evils are the result of ignorance and error rather than an inevitable consequence of human nature.

By the promulgation of today's constitution, which has as its crown and summit a whole chapter dedicated to our Lady, we can rightly affirm that the present session ends as an incomparable hymn of praise in honor of Mary.

The Japanese constitution prescribed that " the Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them, according to the provisions of the present Constitution " ( article 4 ) and that " The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army and the Navy " ( article 11 ).

In Japan, the title Kōshaku () was used as the highest title of Kazoku ( Japanese modern nobility ) before the present constitution.

In Sweden, per The Instrument of Government () in the constitution, when the present King is abroad, the next in the line of succession ( as defined by the Swedish Act of Succession ) becomes lord protector ():

Australians for Constitutional Monarchy and the Australian Monarchist League argue that no model is better than the present system and argue that the risk and difficulty of changing the constitution is best demonstrated by inability of republicans to back a definitive design.

The deposition of Rosas led to Argentina's present institutional framework, outlined in the 1853 constitution.

On 24 August 1815 William — since 16 March King William I of the Netherlands — having proclaimed himself King of the larger United Netherlands six days earlier, issued the first version of the current constitution, the Grondwet voor het Koningrijk der Nederlanden or Loi fondamentale du Royaume des Pays-Bas, establishing the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now expanding his realm with the territory of the present state of Belgium, which would again secede from it in 1830.

This fundamental principle of legality, already present in the penal code and introduced to the constitution in the revision of 1983, is absolute and cannot be limited by law.

At Sparta, with representatives of all of Sparta's allies present, Theramenes and his colleagues negotiated the terms of the peace that ended the Peloponnesian War ; the long walls and the walls of Piraeus were pulled down, the size of the Athenian fleet was sharply limited, and Athenian foreign policy was subordinated to that of Sparta ; the treaty also stipulated that the Athenians were to use " the constitution of their ancestors ".

( The Alabama state government is a quite-centralized one under the present state constitution.

On September 8, 1890, the Hope Fire Company met at Groover's Hall ( 517 Chestnut Street ) and adopted a constitution and by-laws ; 32 members were present.

A recent example when Assent was refused ( or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the Law for Assent ) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark.

Now, I say all this, not to vindicate myself, for I have nowhere recommended the Irish nation to attain legislative independence by force of arms in their present broken and divided condition ( as Mr O ' Connell's resolution imputes to me ), not to vindicate myself, but to vindicate the original free constitution of our confederacy ".

The enormous changes in world politics have, however, thrown it into confusion, so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era.

While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

Everyone is ready to grant the Persians their history, but almost no one is willing to acknowledge their present.

It is said that, even at the present stage of Southern urbanization, such a city as Atlanta is not distinctly unlike Columbus or Trenton.

This almost trivial example is nevertheless suggestive, for there are some elements in common between the antique fear that the days would get shorter and shorter and our present fear of war.

Harold Clurman is right to say that `` Waiting For Godot '' is a reflection ( he calls it a distorted reflection ) `` of the impasse and disarray of Europe's present politics, ethic, and common way of life ''.

The beatnik, seceding from a society that is fatally afflicted with a deathward drive, is concerned with his personal salvation in the living present.

For the present it is enough to note that in the grotesque figure of Jacoby, at the moment of his collapse, all these elements come together in prophetic parody.

So it is that we relive his opening statement in the first television address with the dramatic immediacy of the present.

The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.

Going back over this ground and analyzing the composition of forces which have created the present scene is one of the tasks undertaken by the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, in Santa Barbara.

But however we come, finally, to explain and account for the present, the truth we are trying to expose, right now, is that the makers of constitutions and the designers of institutions find it difficult if not impossible to anticipate the behavior of the host of all their enterprises.

and the laughter and the happiness are even more pronounced when no company is present.

I am assured by experts that the thrust of our present missiles is fully adequate for defense requirements.

Steele's purpose is to present a general defense of his political writing and a resume of the themes which had occupied him in the Englishman ; ;

Undoubtedly one merit of the vast panorama of Gentile conceptions of the Jew unfolded in the present anthology is that it provides a formidable body of material that invites critical examination in terms of reality.

Properly used, the present book is an excellent instrument of enlightenment.

The continuities, contrasts, and similarities discernible when past and present are surveyed together are inexhaustible and the one is often understood through the other.

While humans and other organisms generally place less value on future costs / benefits as compared to those in the present, some have shorter time horizons than others and these people tend to be less cooperative.

Perhaps the one meaningful distinction at present is the question of range: a bomber is generally a long-range aircraft capable of striking targets deep within enemy territory, whereas fighter bombers and attack aircraft are limited to ' theater ' missions in and around the immediate area of battlefield combat.

Numerous medical studies on treatment of these abscesses with antibiotics have been done with varying results, but the consensus is once pus is aspirated and analysed, provided no unusual bacilli are present, the abscess will generally heal on its own in a matter of weeks.

Afterwards, the breasts generally revert to their pre-pregnancy size, shape, and volume, yet might present stretch marks and breast ptosis.

The plague disease, generally thought to be caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic ( commonly present ) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda.

Boone as seen from Howard's Knob Boone took its name from the famous pioneer and explorer Daniel Boone, who on several occasions camped at a site generally agreed to be within the present city limits.

While most elements are generally viewed as stable, a small amount of natural transformation of one element to another also occurs in the present time, through decay of radioactive elements as well as other natural nuclear processes.

However, this agreement was denied by one of the Orthodox bishops present, namely Mark of Ephesus, and the common people of the Orthodox churches generally rejected the agreement as well.

For alcoholics, but not generally, it allows the use of mustum ( grape juice in which fermentation has begun but has been suspended without altering the nature of the juice ), and it holds that, " since Christ is sacramentally present under each of the species, communion under the species of bread alone makes it possible to receive all the fruit of Eucharistic grace.

It is generally thought that Jimmu's name and character evolved into their present shape just before the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were chronicled in the Kojiki.

This avoids confusion between past events ( which cannot be changed ), the present ( which one can test but not generally change ) and future events ( which one still has time to change even on a large scale ), which can prevent noticing or taking an action to improve a future outcome.

Essential tremor generally presents as a rhythmic tremor ( 4 – 12 Hz ) that is present only when the affected muscle is exerting effort ( in other words, it is not present at rest ).

( Different fiddle traditions had different values, as detailed below ; these explanations are meant to present the differences between fiddle music and violin music generally.

Foreign backing for different factions contribute to conflict, e. g., with the United States generally seen as supportive of Abbas's overall leadership and of Dahlan's security influence, and Syria alleged to promote Faruq al-Qaddumi's challenge to the present leadership.

Governors-General generally become patrons of various charitable institutions, present honours and awards, host functions for various groups of people including ambassadors to and from other countries, and travel widely throughout Australia.

A gallbladder is generally present during fetal life, but it may disappear before birth .< ref >

Foods of this kind present a problem because the hidden gluten constitutes a hazard for people with celiac disease: In the United States, at least, gluten might not be listed on the labels of such foods because the U. S. Food and Drug Administration has classified gluten as GRAS ( generally recognized as safe ).

It is generally accepted that the Holocene started approximately 12, 000 years BP ( before present day ).

For FMJ bullets mounted in bottle neck cases, roll crimping is generally not ever used unless a cannelure is present on the bullet, to prevent causing bullet deformation when crimping.

Jews who hold by this view generally try to use modern methods of historical study to learn how Jewish law has changed over time, and are in some cases more willing to change Jewish law in the present.

The simple formula for the Hall coefficient given above becomes more complex in semiconductors where the carriers are generally both electrons and holes which may be present in different concentrations and have different mobilities.

With the present day all difference has disappeared ; philosophers are not monks, for we find them generally in connection with the world, participating with others in some common work or calling.

In hot environments, they generally use evaporative cooling to shed excess heat, either by sweating ( some mammals ) or panting ( many mammals and all birds )- mechanisms not generally present in poikilotherms.