The primase used in this process differs significantly between bacteria and archaea / eukaryotes.

The primase-helicase complex is used to unwind dsDNA and synthesizes the lagging strand using RNA primers The majority of primers synthesized by primase are two to three nucleotides long.

All cellular life forms and many DNA viruses, phages and plasmids use a primase to synthesize a short RNA primer with a free 3 ′ OH group which is subsequently elongated by a DNA polymerase.

In DNA replication, the first two bases are always RNA, and are synthesized by another enzyme called primase.

The RNA segments are first elongated by DNA polymerase and then synthesized by primase.

Because DNA synthesis cannot start de novo, an RNA primer, complementary to part of the single-stranded DNA, is synthesized by primase ( an RNA polymerase ):

Bacteria use a primase belonging to the DnaG protein superfamily which contains a catalytic domain of the TOPRIM fold type.

The DnaG and primase complex is cashew shaped and contains three subdomains.

This primase is structurally similar to many viral RNA dependent RNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases, cyclic nucleotide generating cyclases and DNA polymerases of the A / B / Y families that are involved in DNA replication and repair.

Along the lagging strand's template, primase builds RNA primers in short bursts.

It associates with DnaG ( a primase ) to form the only primer for the leading strand and to add RNA primers on the lagging strand.

DnaG is a bacterial primase which synthesizes short RNA oligonucleotides during DNA replication.

For example, a mutation related to primase affects RNA primer removal and can make the DNA strand more fragile and susceptible to breaks.

Some look deliberately to devices used by creators in the other arts and apply corresponding methods to their own work.

This text from Dr. Huxley is sometimes used by enthusiasts to indicate that they have the permission of the scientists to press the case for a wonderful unfoldment of psychic powers in human beings.

' Kalamazoo guitars ', he said, ' used by radio hillbilly singers.

Very angry at Woodruff, the governor used his personal influence to have the printing contract withdrawn from The Gazette and awarded to the lowest bidder, which, by a strange coincidence, happened to be Pike's Advocate.

Berlin is merely being used by Moscow as a stalking horse.

One cannot help wondering whether Molotov and the rest of the `` anti-party group '' are not being used as China's whipping-boys by Khrushchev and his faithful followers.

Proceeds realized from these pageants are used by the Jaycees to help support their various youth, health, welfare and community betterment activities throughout the state.

Visual and operable training aids developed by the Medical Illustration Service, were used in support of Army Medical Service mass casualty exercises.

The funds recouped by reductions in item 12 above are used: first, to increase the unadjusted allotments to the specified minimum in those States where the unadjusted allotment is less than the minimum allotment ( item 13 above ) ; ;

( Divide 40 by the amount used in item 2 above.

( Multiply the result obtained in item 3 above by the amount used for each State in item 1 above.

For the year 2000 this means servicing ( A ) the protection requirements of a watershed producing at least 200 million acre-feet of water each year, ( B ) recreation and wildlife resources used each year by 635 million visitors, ( C ) a timber resource supporting an annual cut of 21 billion board feet, and ( D ) 60 million acres of rangelands.

The two Governments agree that the rupees accruing to the Government of the United States of America as a consequence of sales made pursuant to this Agreement will be used by the Government of the United States of America, in such manner and order of priority as the Government of the United States of America shall determine, for the following purposes in the amounts shown: ( A )

The deposit of rupees to the account of the Government of the United States of America in payment for the commodities and for ocean transportation costs financed by the Government of the United States of America ( except excess costs resulting from the requirement that United States flag vessels be used ) shall be made at the rate of exchange for United States dollars generally applicable to import transactions ( excluding imports granted a preferential rate ) in effect on the dates of dollar disbursement by United States banks, or by the Government of the United States of America, as provided in the purchase authorizations.

The rupee equivalent of $63.8 million, but not more than 5 percent of the currencies received under the Agreement will be used for loans to be made by the Export-Import Bank of Washington under Section 104 ( E ) of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act, as amended ( hereinafter referred to as the Act ), and for administrative expenses of the Export-Import Bank of Washington in India incident thereto.

The aircraft could be used to destroy other mobile, fleeting, and imprecisely located targets as well as the known, fixed and hardened targets which can also be destroyed by missile.

Or put another way, the hardest missile site planned today could be destroyed by placing a one-kiloton warhead ( 1/20th the size of those used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki ) within 100 to 200 feet of the target!!

In 1959, according to the Engineers, Lake Texoma was only one of thirty-two artificial lakes and reservoirs which were used for recreation by over 1,000,000 persons.

The only way to determine the final combustion chamber volume when such pistons are used is by measuring it with liquid while the cylinder head is bolted to the cylinder block and the piston is in top dead center position.

The horses seemed to know these by instinct, he used to say: such places invariably had stables with superior feed bins.

Passing through the gate, with towers on either side once used as prisons, I entered a huge square surrounded by buildings, and on the wall to my right found a general plan of the grounds, with explanations in English for each building.

Mold was used as pattern and clay cut by holding knife at about 45-degree angle, to form an undercut, making base smaller than the pattern top.

Besides flathead bronze screws, silicon bronze Stronghold nails ( made by Independent Nail & Packing Co., Bridgewater, Mass. ) are used extensively in assembly and Weldwood resorcinol glue is used in all the joints.

Pyrrolysine is used by some methanogenic archaea in enzymes that they use to produce methane.

In bacteria and archaea, GUG and UUG are common start codons, but in rare cases, certain proteins may use alternative start codons not normally used by that species.

Bacteriorhodopsin is a photosynthetic pigment used by archaea, the most notable one being halobacteria.

The process of gene expression is used by all known life-eukaryotes ( including multicellular organisms ), prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ), possibly induced by viruses-to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.

* The enzyme nitrogenase actually preferentially binds with acetylene over di-nitrogen, despite its being the key enzyme used in nitrogen fixation in many bacteria and archaea.

Depending on the methods used, sequencing may provide the order of nucleotides in DNA or RNA isolated from cells of animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, or virtually any other source of genetic information.

Within the field of microbial ecology, oligonucleotide probes are used in order to determine the presence of microbial species, genera, or microorganisms classified on a more broad level, such as bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes via fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ).

Some thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated from other thermophilic bacteria and archaea, such as Pfu DNA polymerase, possessing a proofreading activity, and are being used instead of ( or in combination with ) Taq for high-fidelity amplification.