" Even some complex " medical devices " ( see below ) can reasonably be deemed " biotechnology " depending on the degree to which such elements are central to their principle of operation.

The principle of operation of the centrifuge also can be simply understood in terms of this expression for the potential energy, which shows that it is favorable energetically when the volume far from the axis of rotation is occupied by the heavier substance.

In 1873, Frederick Guthrie discovered the basic principle of operation of thermionic diodes.

However, the principle of operation might be more precisely described as gas-jet pump, since diffusion plays a role also in other high vacuum pumps.

In principle, authoritative name servers are sufficient for the operation of the Internet.

That said, the basic principle behind firearm operation remains unchanged to this day.

The principle of Uniformitarianism states that the geologic processes observed in operation that modify the Earth's crust at present have worked in much the same way over geologic time.

A simple example of the operation of the principle can be seen when two rooms are connected by an open doorway and a sound is produced in a remote corner of one of them.

Fortescue, also writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, claimed that " the real distinction between God's essence and operation remains one more principle, though it is rarely insisted on now, in which the Orthodox differ from Catholics ".

In this regard, the Bolivarian National Armed Forces as an institution organized by the State to ensure the independence and sovereignty of the Nation, gave way to a process of reviewing its structure and operation to adapt to this new principle of national responsibility, defense and development integral.

The principle behind the operation of a transformer, electromagnetic induction, was discovered independently by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831.

" Skip changing " is also widely used ; in principle operation is the same as double-clutching, but it requires neutral be held slightly longer than a single-gear change.

Indeed, Ockham's contribution seems to be to restrict the operation of this principle in matters pertaining to miracles and God's power: so, in the Eucharist, a plurality of miracles is possible, simply because it pleases God.

An " object, which exists for any time in its full perfection without any effect, is not the sole cause of that effect, but requires to be assisted by some other principle, which may forward its influence and operation.

The principle of operation is the electromagnetic acceleration of propellant via the Lorentz force to velocities of the order of tens of km / s-which is much higher than the thermal velocity of chemical engines.

Instrumentation engineering is the engineering specialization focused on the principle and operation of measuring instruments that are used in design and configuration of automated systems in electrical, pneumatic domains etc.

The main disadvantage of basing a carburetor's operation on Bernoulli's principle is that, being a fluid dynamic device, the pressure reduction in a venturi tends to be proportional to the square of the intake air speed.

This principle fully corresponds to the operation of distance-vector protocols.

A wide variety of related conveying machines are available, different as regards principle of operation, means and direction of conveyance, including screw conveyors, vibrating conveyors, pneumatic conveyors, the moving floor system, which uses reciprocating slats to move cargo, and roller conveyor system, which uses a series of powered rollers to convey boxes or pallets.

While there exist different field emitter configurations, such as the needle, the capillary and slit emitter types, the principle of operation is the same in all cases.

In the Vedic religion, Ṛta ( Sanskrit " that which is properly joined ; order, rule ; truth ") is the principle of natural order which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe and everything within it.

It didn't get beyond the experimental stage, though its principle of operation ( described in Siemens British patent 2074 of 1860, and by Siemens in The Theory of the Gas Engine ) appears to be similar to the commercially successful Brayton engine of 1872.

While modes of operation are commonly associated with symmetric encryption, they may also be applied to public-key encryption primitives such as RSA in principle ( though in practice public-key encryption of longer messages is generally realized using hybrid encryption ).

The earliest of these to be developed is the Otto cycle engine developed in 1876 by Nikolaus August Otto in Cologne, Germany, after the operation principle described by Alphonse Beau de Rochas in 1861.

# Frequency shifting of the RF signal to the equivalent baseband I and Q signals, or to an intermediate frequency ( IF ) signal, by multiplying the RF signal with a local oscillator sinewave and cosine wave frequency ( see the superheterodyne receiver principle ).

Virtually all modern radio and television receivers use the superheterodyne principle.

The superheterodyne principle was revisited in 1918 by U. S. Army Major Edwin Armstrong in France during World War I.

The superheterodyne principle was eventually taken up for virtually all commercial radio and TV designs.

During the development of radar in World War II, the superheterodyne principle was essential for downconversion of the very high radar frequencies to intermediate frequencies.

It is a necessary component in any tunable radio receiver or transmitter that works by the superheterodyne principle, and controls the frequency to which the apparatus is tuned.

Even so, by the mid-1930s virtually all receiving sets in Europe as well were using the superheterodyne principle.

While today's radios are amazing pieces of modern technology, filled with low-power, high performance, integrated circuits crammed into the smallest spaces, the basic principle of the radio receiver is practically always the superheterodyne one, the same idea which was developed by Edwin Armstrong back in 1918.

The basic operating principle of TRANSIT is similar to the system used by emergency locator transmitters, except their transmitter is on the ground and the receiver is in orbit.

Image response ( or more correctly, image response rejection ratio, or IMRR ) is a measure of performance of a radio receiver, particularly one that operates on the super-heterodyne principle.

By receiving signals from three stations, an Omega receiver could locate a position to within using the principle of phase comparison of signals.

The Beryl ’ s design layout and system of operation are similar to that of the Tantal rifle, and the principle differences, resulting primarily from using a different cartridge, include the following components: the barrel, receiver housing, buttstock, foregrip, muzzle device, sight system and magazine.

The Big Bang theory depends on two major assumptions: the universality of physical laws and the cosmological principle.

In this work, Doppler postulated his principle ( later coined the Doppler effect ) that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative speed of the source and the observer, and he tried to use this concept for explaining the colour of binary stars.

In principle the service is open to all baptised Christians, however an individuals eligibility to participate depends on the views of each particular assembly.

According to Newton's law of gravity, and independently verified by experiments such as that of Eötvös and its successors ( see Eötvös experiment ), there is a universality of free fall ( also known as the weak equivalence principle, or the universal equality of inertial and passive-gravitational mass ): the trajectory of a test body in free fall depends only on its position and initial speed, but not on any of its material properties.

The process may involve causal relationships between intermediate events, but in any case the slippery slope schema depends for its soundness on the validity of some analogue for the physical principle of momentum.

While this theory depends on Bernoulli's principle, the fact that this theory has been discredited does not imply that Bernoulli's principle is incorrect.

In fact, the modern explanation of the uncertainty principle, extending the Copenhagen interpretation first put forward by Bohr and Heisenberg, depends even more centrally on the wave nature of a particle: Just as it is nonsensical to discuss the precise location of a wave on a string, particles do not have perfectly precise positions ; likewise, just as it is nonsensical to discuss the wavelength of a " pulse " wave traveling down a string, particles do not have perfectly precise momenta ( which corresponds to the inverse of wavelength ).

Le Chatelier's principle qualitatively describes systems of non-instantaneous change ; the duration of adjustment depends on the strength of the negative feedback to the initial shock.

* The weak equivalence principle: The trajectory of a point mass in a gravitational field depends only on its initial position and velocity, and is independent of its composition.

Since temperature in principle also depends on altitude, one needs a second equation to determine the pressure as a function of height, as discussed in the next section.

The principle upon which depends the power of sensation regulates all our external actions, as the principle of life does our internal, and the two act mutually on each other in consequence of changes produced in the brain.

However, the principle of locality is disputed: whether it strictly holds depends on the interpretation of quantum mechanics chosen, especially for experiments involving quantum entanglement that satisfy Bell's Theorem.

A related problem is posed by Fermat's principle: light follows the path of shortest optical length connecting two points, where the optical length depends upon the material of the medium.

His argument for the subsistence and incorruptibility of the intellectual soul takes its point of departure from the metaphysical principle that operation follows upon being ( agiture sequitur esse ), i. e., the activity of a thing reveals the mode of being and existence it depends upon.

It depends only on value of the dimension d ( this is an instance of the universality principle ).

The answer to 2 ) depends on how disturbance is understood, particularly since measurement entails disturbance ( however note that this is the observer effect, which is distinct from the uncertainty principle ).

Lazarus notes the widely accepted philosophical principle that " happiness depends on the background psychological status of the person ... and cannot be well predicted without reference to " one's expectations.

According to the general principle of proportionality the lawfulness of an action depends on whether it was appropriate and necessary in order to achieve the objectives legitimately pursued.

Carnot's theorem, developed in 1824, also called Carnot's rule is a principle that specifies limits on the maximum efficiency any heat engine can obtain, which thus solely depends on the difference between the hot and cold temperature reservoirs.

A series of papers by Getty shows that Grafen ’ s proof of the handicap principle depends on the critical simplifying assumption that signalers trade off costs for benefits in an additive fashion, the way humans invest money to increase income in the same currency.

Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed.

On such a principle heaven depends, and the cosmos .’ The highest, the best is one ; but for the movement of the planets a plurality of unmoved movers must further be assumed … In the monotheism of the mind philosophical speculation has reached an end-point.