The interrogative personal pronoun who exhibits the greatest diversity of forms within the modern English pronoun system having definite nominative, oblique, and genitive forms ( who, whom, whose ) and equivalently coordinating indefinite forms ( whoever, whomever, and whosoever ).

Not all of these inflections may be present at once ; for example, the relative pronoun que ( that, which, whom ) may have any referent, while the possessive pronoun le mien ( mine ) may have any role in a clause.

", the word " for " is pied-piped by " whom " away from its declarative position (" The pictures are for me "), and in " The mayor, pictures of whom adorn his office walls " both words " pictures of " are pied-piped in front of the relative pronoun, which normally starts the relative clause.

" ( hypercorrection resulting from the perception that " whom " is a formal version of " who " or that the pronoun is functioning as an object when, in fact, it is a subject would say, " Shall I say she is calling ?.

Use of who here is normal, and to replace it with whom would appear grammatically incorrect, since the pronoun is the subject of was, not the object of say.

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people ( LGB ) may employ the pronoun game when conversing with people to whom they have not " come out ".

Next, it will begin with a relative adverb where, or why in English or a relative pronoun whom, whose, that, or which in English.

However, the English relative pronoun may be omitted and only implied if it plays the role of the object of the verb or object of a preposition in a restrictive clause ; for example, He is the boy I saw is equivalent to He is the boy whom I saw, and I saw the boy you are talking about is equivalent to the more formal I saw the boy about whom you are talking.

Other English pronouns which have distinct forms of the above types are the indefinite pronoun one, which has the reflexive oneself ( the possessive form is written one's, like a regular English possessive ); and the interrogative and relative pronoun who, which has the objective form whom ( now confined mostly to formal English ) and the possessive whose ( which in its relative use can also serve as the possessive for which ).

However such omission is not possible in " My friend, who I saw " ( non-restrictive relative clause ), " The man to whom I spoke " ( fronted preposition ), or " The man who / that saw me " ( relative pronoun is the subject ).

In this case the pronoun will be whom, whose, or which, never that.

Hine, a true accusative masculine third person singular pronoun, is attested in some northern English dialects as late as the 19th century.

* The pronoun " I " is formed of the symbol for " person " and the number 1 ( the first person ).

" The Latin relative pronoun, " who ," " qui ," " quae ," and " what ," " quod ," are inflected in Latin, while relative pronoun in Italian for " who " and " what " is " che " and in Corsican is uninflected chì.

If there is a direct object, the indirect object can be expressed by an object pronoun placed between the verb and the direct object.

;* In Bulgarian the possessive pronoun ѝ ( ì, " her ") is spelled with a grave accent in order to distinguish it from the conjunction и ( i, " and ").

The Esperanto personal pronoun system is similar to that of English, but with the addition of a reflexive pronoun.

The first is that the epistle often uses a demonstrative pronoun at the beginning of a sentence, then a particle or conjunction, followed by an explanation or definition of the demonstrative at the end of the sentence, a stylistic technique which is not used in the gospel.

In grammar, the case of a noun or pronoun is an inflectional form that indicates its grammatical function in a phrase, clause, or sentence.

For example, a pronoun may play the role of subject (" I kicked the ball "), of object (" John kicked me "), or of possessor (" That ball is mine ").

( The word history — from the Ancient Greek ιστορία, or istoria, meaning " a learning or knowing by inquiry "— is etymologically unrelated to the possessive pronoun his.

A usage that is archaic in most, but not all, current English dialects is the singular second-person pronoun thou ( accusative thee ).

In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a word or form that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase.

The use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on another referential element.

The referent of the pronoun is often the same as that of a preceding ( or sometimes following ) noun phrase, called the antecedent of the pronoun.

For example, in the sentence That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat, the antecedent of the pronoun he is the noun phrase that poor man.

( Historically, this is a remnant of the Old English pronoun hem.

It survives in this fixed form from the days of Old English ( having undergone, however, phonetic changes with the rest of the language ), in which it was constructed as "" + " me " ( the dative case of the personal pronoun ) + " thinks " ( i. e., " seems ", < Old English thyncan, " to seem ", a verb closely related to the verb thencan, " to think ", but distinct from it in Old English ; later it merged with " think " and lost this meaning ).

Here, the object pronoun " me " has the same function as a dative pronoun in a language that distinguishes accusative and dative cases.

The second pronoun ( te in ti te seet ), which is normally a dative pronoun, reinforces the subject and is compulsory.

In German mir is a form of personal pronoun: 1st person singular dative of ich.

) ( the dative pronoun is stressed, though the translation uses the accusative )

Thus, the phrase I see you would be rendered as Te video in Latin, using the accusative form te for the second person pronoun, while I help you would be rendered as Tibi faveo, using the dative form tibi.

Romanian dative phrases exhibit clitic doubling similar to that in Spanish, in which the noun in the dative is doubled by a pronoun.

* First person personal pronoun dative singular ἐμίν

A morphological phenomenon, cited also by Alessandro Manzoni in his masterpiece " I promessi sposi " ( The Betrothed ), is the doubling of the dative pronoun.

For the use of a personal pronoun as indirect object ( to someone, to something ), also called dative case, the standard Italian makes use of a construction preposition + pronoun a me ( to me ), or it makes use of a synthetic pronoun form, mi ( to me ).

The dative construction requires a proclitic pronoun ; if the dative argument is a full noun phrase or needs to be explicitly stated, it is shown by a phrase with the preposition a.

The prolative case ( abbreviated ; also vialis case, abbreviated ) is a grammatical case of a noun or pronoun that has the basic meaning of " by way of ".

The band's recent albums, i ( 2004 ) and Distortion ( 2008 ), both followed the album theme structure of 69 Love Songs: The song titles on i begin with the letter ( or, in the case of half the songs ' titles, the pronoun ) " I ", whilst Distortion was an experiment in combining noise music with their typically unconventional musical approach.

Because of its noun properties, the genitive ( possessive ) case is preferred for a noun or pronoun preceding a gerund, which is functioning as the subject of the gerund's verbal element.

Despite such examples of a similar construction that uses a participle instead of a gerund, using a noun or pronoun in anything except the possessive case as the subject of a gerund ( He affected me going there ) is incorrect in formal writing.

Whereas in the general case, there is often no appropriate singular gender-neutral replacement ( e. g. the third person singular pronoun he ) ( although the use of singular they is increasingly common ), there are gender-neutral versions of nearly all job titles.

In this case, the pronoun yo (" I ") is grammatically optional ; both sentences mean " I love you " ( however, they may not have the same tone or intention — this depends on pragmatics rather than grammar ).

Animacy can have various effects on the grammar of a language, such as choice of pronoun ( what / who ), case endings, word order, or the form a verb takes when it is associated with that noun.

He (, unstressed ) is a third-person, singular personal pronoun ( subjective case ) in Modern English, as well as being a personal pronoun in Middle English.

We is the first-person, plural personal pronoun ( subject case ) in Modern English.

" It " is a third-person, singular neuter pronoun ( nominative ( subjective ) case and oblique ( objective ) case ) in Modern English.

On the other hand, the linguists Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum claim that utterances such as " They invited Sandy and I " are " heard constantly in the conversation of people whose status as speakers of Standard English is clear "; and that " Those who condemn it simply assume that the case of a pronoun in a coordination must be the same as when it stands alone.

") In this role that may be analyzed either as a relative pronoun or as a conjunction as in the first case ; see English relative clauses: Status of that.

In grammar, an oblique case ( abbreviated ; ) is a noun ( or pronoun ) case that is used when the noun or pronoun is the object of either a verb or a preposition.