An early psychical researcher to propose an afterlife hypothesis was Edmund Fournier d ' Albe he wrote that at the moment of death the soul floats into the atmosphere.

Conan Doyle also showed the photographs to the physicist and pioneering psychical researcher Sir Oliver Lodge, who believed the photographs to be fake.

American psychologist and philosopher William James ( 1842 – 1910 ) was an early psychical researcher.

According to the psychical researcher D. Scott Rogo " Unfortunately it is extremely hard for anyone to design a foolproof experiment to prove any one theory of psi.

American psychologist and philosopher William James ( 1842-1910 ) was an early psychical researcher.

The subconscious mind view was advocated by psychical researcher Thomson Jay Hudson who wrote that the mind is a duality and actually consists of two minds: the objective mind ( conscious ) and the subjective mind ( subconscious ).

The psychical researcher Ernesto Bozzano ( 1938 ) had also supported a similar view describing the phenomena of the OBE experience in terms of bilocation in which an " etheric body " can release itself from the physical body in rare circumstances.

Carrington, a psychical researcher, and Muldoon, who professed ease with astral projection, jointly published The Projection of the Astral Body in 1929.

Another early psychical researcher and engineer W. J. Crawford ( 1881 – 1920 ) developed the " Cantilever Theory of Levitation " due to his experiments with the medium Kathleen Goligher.

Another psychical researcher Hereward Carrington in his book Story of Psychic Science ( 1930 ) wrote that the photographs taken by Crawford look " dubious in appearance " and that " with rare exceptions, no other investigators had an opportunity to check-up his results, since outsiders were rarely admitted to the sittings " however Carrington also stated that some type of genuine phenomena may have been observed by Crawford.

* Harry Price ( 1881 – 1948 ), British researcher of psychical phenomena

The psychical researcher F. W. H. Myers proposed the existence of a “ metetherial world ,” which he wrote to be a world of images lying beyond the physical world.

Sylvan Muldoon and psychical researcher Hereward Carrington in their book The Projection of the Astral Body ( 1929 ) wrote:

A later psychical researcher Hereward Carrington pointed out these forces and fluids were hypothetical and have never been discovered.

Hannibal Hamlin Garland ( September 14, 1860 – March 4, 1940 ) was an American novelist, poet, psychical researcher essayist, and short story writer.

Beginning in 1929, psychical researcher Harry Price generated a story that captured the attention of the nation and convinced many of the proof of the permanence of the spirit after death.

Stekel wrote one of a set of three early ' Psychoanalytic studies of psychical impotence ' referred to approvingly by Freud: ' Freud had written a preface to Stekel's book '.

William Fletcher Barrett and Frederic William Henry Myers however pointed out problems in a physical theory for telepathy and instead advocated psychical theories.

Independent psychical researchers and psychologists such as Thomson Jay Hudson in The Law of Psychic Phenomena ( 1892 ) and Théodore Flournoy in his book Spiritism and psychology ( 1911 ) had claimed that all kinds of mediumship could be explained by suggestion and telepathy from the mediums subconscious mind and that there was no evidence for the spirit hypothesis.

Hartley's physical theory gave birth to the modern study of the intimate connection of physiological and psychical facts, though his physical theory in itself is inadequate.

Brentano described intentionality as a characteristic of all acts of consciousness, " psychical " or " mental " phenomena, by which it could be set apart from " physical " or " natural " phenomena.

After these genetically engineered organs are implanted into the potential Space Marine, he undergoes years of indoctrination and harsh physical, psychical and mental training to burn out any source of weakness.

He views “ Towards the Gardens ” as about “ family upbringing and its emotional energy ”, while “ In the Gardens ” and “ Facing the Gardens ” present “ physical and psychical ” ( n. p.

The characteristic feature of this school is that it combines the physical treatment of the school of Mesmer with the psychical treatment of that of Barbarin.

These states are induced by means of drugs, by physical excitement, or by psychical means.

His treatise is original in its emphasis on the physio-psychological aspect of ethics, Gabirol's fundamental thesis being the correlation and interdependence of the physical and the psychical in respect of ethical conduct.

The Oxford English Dictionary literally defines the prefix " meta -" as "' With sense ‘ beyond, above, at a higher level ,'" and the word ' physical ' as " Of or pertaining to material nature, or to the phenomenal universe perceived by the senses ; pertaining to or connected with matter ; material ; opposed to psychical, mental, spiritual.

These are: numerical, spatial, kinematic, physical, organic, psychical, logical, historical, linguistic, social, economic, aesthetic, jural, moral and pistical.

By original sin Baius understands, instead of a simple privation of grace, habitual concupiscence itself, transmitted according to the laws of heredity and developed according to the laws of physical and psychical growth.

In view of these considerations, violence may be defined as follows: any action, verbal or nonverbal, oral or written, physical or psychical, active or passive, public or private, individual or institutional / societal, human or divine, in whatever degree of intensity, that abuses, violates, injures, or kills.

When it is studied in the original, and not taken upon the report of hostile critics, who would not, or could not understand it, no little importance must still be accorded to the first attempt, not seldom a curiously felicitous one, to carry through that parallelism of the physical and psychical, which since then has come to count for more and more in the science of mind.

The idea of ectoplasm was merged into the theory of an " ectenic force " by some early psychical researchers who were seeking a physical explanation for reports of psychokinesis in seances.

A very large part is played by fraud in spiritualistic practices, both in the physical and psychical, or automatic, phenomena, but especially in the former.

As a complete explanation of psychical facts, the theory seems defective.

Some psychical researchers such as George N. M. Tyrrell and C. D. Broad have pointed out problems with Dunne's theory of time.

It has in more recent years been used in literary theory to explain character's de-centeredness from their surroundings and their psychical collapse into psychosis ; furthermore, the idea of the great alien machine taken over the human race have been more present in the arts.

Of these, the former endeavors to explain the most elaborate psychical activities of men as developments of elementary forms of conscious processes in the animal kingdom as a whole ; the latter is a defense of the theory of natural selection against the attacks of St George Mivart, and appeared in an English edition on the suggestion of Darwin.

" It is important to note that " the predicate ' personal ' as applied to God " does not mean that God is corporeal or anthropomorphic, views which Judaism has always rejected ; rather, " personality " refers not to physicality but to " inner essence, psychical, rational, and moral.

That is, Vieira argues that consciousness has an existence independent from the body, basing his claims on various accounts of out-of-body experiences and other psychical phenomena.

Jean Laplanche has given a general description of Freud's understanding of trauma, which varied significantly over the course of Freud's career: " An event in the subject's life, defined by its intensity, by the subject's incapacity to respond adequately to it and by the upheaval and long-lasting effects that it brings about in the psychical organization ".

Early psychical researchers and some investigators associated with the Society for Psychical Research rejected the spirit hypothesis and claimed that where there was no sign of fraud then there has to be a psychological explanation due to the medium's subconscious such as an alternate personality.

The frequency with which mediums have been convicted of fraud has, indeed, induced many people to abandon the study of psychical research, judging the whole bulk of the phenomena to be fraudulently produced.